Tianquan county is located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin, at the eastern foot of Erlang Mountain, with an area of 2,400 square kilometers and a population of 1.5 million. Chengdu in the east and Kangding in the west. National highways 365 and 438+0.8 run through the whole territory, which is the throat of Tibet.
Long-term feelings of ancient immigrants
According to expert research and historical documents, as early as the Neolithic Age, Tian Quan was inhabited by human beings, which was the place where ancient frontier strongmen lived. Around the 6th century BC/Kloc-0, the Chinese established a migratory country with Migratory Yang (now Shiyang Town) as its capital. Immigrant countries are rich in products and vast in territory. Apart from today's Tian Quan, there are also some areas in Yingjing, Baoxing, Lushan and Yucheng District. Immigrant countries have developed rapidly and the population is prosperous. After Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin dynasties, it became a big country in southwest China. In 202 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang pacified Bashu and unified the whole country, but the ancient immigrant countries still cracked down on the old system. In 135 BC (the sixth year of Han Jianyuan), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty developed the territory, sent envoys to the southwest, and the monarchs of Qionglai, Tathagata, Rang and Immigrants were attached to the Han Dynasty. Please be the minister of the interior. At this point, the history of immigrant countries has come to an end.
Tian Quan raised his glass to dispel doubts.
Tusi system, also known as "local official system", is a feudal Lord system promoted by rulers in order to achieve the goal of "governing foreign countries with foreign countries". The conferred chieftain relied on the feudal dynasty politically, conferred hereditary titles, divided Xinjiang into different parts, and implemented the military system. The serfs were organized into local officials' armed forces to maintain their rule and obey the court by planting official fields and performing military service. Local officials are not only the highest local political rulers, but also the local big lords, who hold the military and political financial power and have the right to "kill and plunder" serfs. Economically, local officials are the highest owners of the land under their jurisdiction, and they practice economic exploitation such as labor rent and physical rent. Cultural education only allows the children of local officials to learn martial arts, while the descendants of local people are slaves for generations and are not allowed to be taught or promoted. The area ruled by Tusi is remote, with vast territory, inconvenient transportation, very backward economy and culture, and some places still retain the characteristics of slave society.
In 880 AD, Tang Xizong was defeated by the Huang Chao Uprising Army and fled to Chengdu, where he established a fugitive government. At this time, there was a rebellion in Ya 'an area. After a period of respite and accumulation of strength, Tang Xizong's fugitive government consolidated its political power, and sent people from Linjiang Prefecture in the south of the Yangtze River and Yang Duan from Taiyuan to lead the Western Expedition into Tianquan to quell the rebellion. After the rebellion subsided, Gao Yang and his wife stayed behind and were awarded the title of Tusi by the court. Based on Shiyang, Xinchang, Chengxiang and Laochang, Gao Yang Er Tusi expanded its influence, gradually controlling tianquan county in Ya 'an today and some areas in Baoxing, Lushan and Yingjing, and then expanding to Luding and Kangding today, forming a separatist situation. After Gao Buxi and Yang Duan died, his son and grandson continued to be in charge of Gao and Yang's forces and developed in Tianquan. Until the sixth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1728), the Qing Dynasty implemented a large-scale "returning home", and the toast system that ruled Tianquan for more than 790 years came to an end.
Compared with other places, tianquan county's toast culture has its special symbol, that is, the Han people act as toast, and the toast system is earlier than other places. The remains of Shitouzhai Site in Polin Village, Daping Township, tianquan county are engraved with the rise and fall of the toast system in tianquan county for more than 790 years. In addition, there are chieftain archways, chieftain tombs and folk houses with Tibetan and Chinese cultural characteristics, which have witnessed Tianquan's chieftain culture.
The reverie of the ancient tea-horse road
In the mountains of Tianquan, there is a mysterious ancient road hidden. This ancient road is 180km long, crossing ravines, suspension bridges, winding roads and forests, and winding to the jungle of Yuan Ye leading to Tibetan areas. This mysterious ancient road is another important link connecting the economy and culture of the Han and Tibetan nationalities besides the "Silk Road" in the south-the ancient tea-horse road.
Tianquan county, which is adjacent to Tibetan areas, has been growing tea since the Tang Dynasty. The coarse tea and loose tea produced by it sell well in the market and are gradually introduced into Kangzang area.
In the trade of exchanging tea for horses between Tibetan and Han nationalities, because of the long distance, it is difficult for mules and horses to travel, and the freight is too high, tea mainly depends on manpower. Mrs. Renbei is known as "Beigor". "Beigor" usually goes to the teahouse to collect tea bags in groups of ten and eight during the slack season, carrying corn buns and salt with her, leaning on a T-shaped crutch and starting a difficult journey of transporting tea. Over time, the flesh and blood of the "second brother" has embarked on a legendary ancient road like a song. Up to now, on this ancient road, the kidnapper's nest more than two inches deep can still be vividly seen; On the stone wall beside the road, there are various statues, Buddha statues and religious proverbs; Under trees, beside boulders and in caves, you can still find the places where husbands used to sleep.
Integrating and developing Tibetan and Chinese Buddhist culture
Tianquan county is located in the Tibetan-Chinese National Corridor. Due to frequent economic and cultural activities, Tibetan Buddhism has also spread from Tibetan areas to Tianquan. There are many temples in Tianquan, among which Hongling is the most famous.
According to relevant literature and history records, the construction of Honglingshan Temple began in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, Tibetans have come to worship one after another. In the Yuan Dynasty, the then Tibetan king Zapkin appropriated silver to build the Emperor's Temple, covering an area of 1.80 square meters, and the present site still exists. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the incense in Honglingshan was very prosperous, with 128 pavilion and more than a thousand pavilions. During Guangxu period, the 12th Dalai Lama gave lectures in the Chengzong Hall of Honglingshan for several months. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Ninth Panchen Lama also went to the Temple of Empress Chengzong to recite Buddha and give lectures for more than 20 days. 1935, General Xu defected to Hongling. In the early 1940s, Liu, governor of Xikang Province, invited celebrities from all walks of life to inspect Xikang. Famous people such as Zhang Daqian and Ye Yatu once sketched and wrote poems in Hongling. This shows the important position of Hongling Mountain in Tibetan Buddhism and Han Buddhism.
Red hometown old revolutionary base area
In the magnificent 25,000-Li Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, the First Army of the Red Army, the main force of the Central Committee, crossed the Tianquan River in Tianquan and fought fiercely in Sanguhun, laying a solid foundation for the victory of the first and fourth armies. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Bo Gu Kailai, Zhang Wentian and other central officials once stayed in tianquan county, and the Red Army once rested in tianquan county. Then, after Lushan and Baoxing, they crossed the Jin Jia Mountains and went north, smashing Chiang Kai-shek's plot to "completely destroy the Red Army in southern Sichuan".
1935165438+1at the beginning of October, Zhang led the Red Fourth Army south, and after 10 captured Tianquan City, he was stationed in Tian Quan 108. The Red Fourth Front Army established the General Political Department of the Red Army in Renyi Township, and established the "Red Army University" and the Red Army General Hospital in Laochang Township. The Battle of Dagangshan was a surprise victory. Xingye Township repelled the Kuomintang pursuers, and Xiakouba fought bloody battles to break through. Finally, he withdrew from Dongjiashan in Xinchang and went north to resist Japan.
The first and fourth armies of the Red Army successively established Soviet political power in Tianquan, developed local armed forces, helped local tyrants fight poverty and distributed fields, spread revolutionary kindling, and aroused the revolutionary struggle consciousness of the people of Tianquan.
When the Long March of the First and Fourth Army of the Red Army passed through Tianquan, its time span was long and its activities were wide. Many major events took place, leaving many precious revolutionary relics, battle sites and historical materials, which became the precious spiritual wealth of the people of Tianquan. In particular, the Red Fourth Army entered Tianquan when Zhang refused to carry out the anti-Japanese instructions of the Central Committee, which enabled the Red Army commanders represented by Zhu De to break through the blockade and encirclement of the Kuomintang, and at the same time had to fight with Zhang within the party. The idea of going north to resist Japan can finally be realized from Tianquan, which not only embodies the sincere unity of the whole party and the whole army, but also proves that even under the dangerous and complicated historical background, the Red Fourth Front Army has always been oriented towards the CPC Central Committee.
The well-preserved remains of the Red Fourth Army in tianquan county can not only truly reflect the heroic historical remains of the Red Fourth Army in tianquan county, but also reproduce the true history of Zhang Jianli's false central government splitting the Red Army and the Party. Knowing the Red Army, the 25,000-mile Long March and the China Revolution makes Tianquan an indispensable historical exhibition hall.
In today's world, cultural strength has become an important symbol of a country's material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization, and cultural industry has become a burgeoning industry. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the historical task of developing advanced culture. In addition to the culture of moving the capital, tianquan county has a long history of Tusi, Tea Horse, Buddhism and Red Army, and tianquan county's Beifu culture and Erlang Mountain culture.
According to Xiang Huili, secretary of the tianquan county County Party Committee and director of the county people's congress, tianquan county has a history of 2115 years since the county was founded in 65438 BC, and its cultural heritage is extremely rich. In order to implement the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, give full play to the role of cultural productivity, and promote the leap-forward development of local county economy with the advantage of cultural tourism, this year, the Party Committee and government of tianquan county put forward the strategy of strengthening the county with culture, and set up five cultural studios, including Red Army culture, Tusi culture, Tibetan and Chinese Buddhism culture and immigrant capital culture. Through the excavation and arrangement of the existing cultural tourism resources in the county, the cultural taste of Tian Quan will be comprehensively improved, and the high-grade cultural brand of Tian Quan will be launched to promote the sustained, coordinated and healthy development of the cultural tourism industry in Tian Quan.
At present, through field interviews and surveys, five cultural studios in tianquan county have compiled a set of local cultural books with about 400,000 words, collected more than 0/00 pictures and recorded audio-visual materials for more than 0/00 minutes. It is planned to restore the ancient tea-horse road and the Tusi cultural site, build the Red Army Square and the Red Army Library, and develop 655 along the national highways 365 and 438+08. I believe that by then, Tianquan, a bright pearl embedded at the foot of Erlang Mountain, will shine as a strong cultural county in the western part of the motherland.