1, specialized educational institutions and teaching staff
School is a special educational place, which needs a fixed place, full-time educators, specific educational objects, planned and organized educational activities, and relatively rich and systematic teaching content, so that education can be differentiated from the general production and life process and become an independent form of social activities.
2. Distinctive class nature and strict hierarchy.
In class society, education is the privilege of the ruling class, and the ruled class can only receive family education among the people. Even within the ruling class, the children of the ruling class have strict grading rules when they enter the school.
3. The development of characters and the appearance of classics.
Words and classics are the experience of human production and life, which are not only materialized in production tools and life tools, but also begin to accumulate knowledge forms and pass them on to the next generation. However, the educational content attaches importance to social laws and regulations, and ignores the imparting of production knowledge.
4. Separation of education and productive labor.
The school despises manual labor, and forms the opposite education of "those who work hard manage people, and those who work hard manage people". After they are separated from each other in production practice and become the privilege of the ruling class, they will move from separation to opposition. Scholars regard getting rid of labor as their basic pursuit of learning, so they advocate "listening to things outside the window and reading only sage books"
Due to the pressure of life, workers have lost the right to enter schools, so they have no chance to study. In the whole ancient society, the separation of mental labor and manual labor was not only an idea and public opinion advocated by the ruling class, but also a social system provision.
5. Educational methods advocate books.
In ancient China, the basic teaching methods of private school teachers were to study hard and study hard, which was directly related to the form of social talent selection at that time.
6. The parallel education system of public and private schools.
In ancient China, there were two levels of official credit: central and local. Local official schools refer to schools run by local governments, and the school funds come from official fees. The "rural school" in the Western Zhou Dynasty was a local official school. The school system, which was directly organized and managed by the feudal dynasty and aimed at cultivating all kinds of senior ruling talents, was the central official school.