physiological jaundice

Everything is normal after the baby is born. But after 3-5 days, the baby's face will be yellow, and there is a tendency to become more and more yellow. This is the physiological jaundice of newborn. This is because the fetus is nourished by the mother in the womb, and the waste produced after his growth, development and metabolism is also excreted by the mother's organs. After the aging red blood cells in the fetus "die", the bilirubin produced is transformed by the mother's liver and excreted. So the baby was born without jaundice. After the baby was born, he broke away from his mother, and all the metabolites were handled by himself. Bilirubin produced by the destruction of red blood cells must be transformed by the liver before it can be excreted. At this time, the ability of the newborn's liver to deal with bilirubin is very weak. Bilirubin cannot be excreted from normal channels, and excess indirect bilirubin without liver treatment accumulates in the body. To a certain extent, the child showed jaundice. With the gradual maturity of liver function, neonatal jaundice will gradually subside. Generally, jaundice will subside in one and a half months.

constipation

Newborns should have four or five stools every day, but newborns who eat breast milk or specially prepared milk powder may have less stools. Pay attention to the shape of stool. Normal stool should be soft. Constipation means no stool, or the frequency is suddenly reduced a lot. At the same time, the stool becomes hard and it is difficult to defecate, so that the baby cries. At this time, you might as well give some juice or dilute milk first. If constipation has not changed, you should take your baby to see a doctor. Too many enemas are dangerous and will make your baby dependent. Enema is needed before defecation, and it is safer to follow the doctor's guidance in this respect.

Spit milk (swallow the wind and spit milk)

Newborns often spit out some milk after feeding. He is not sick, but he inhales air when he sucks milk, and spits it out after he eats milk, so the milk is also spit out. The prevention method is not to let the baby suck milk too fast, but to give the baby a chance to let the baby expel the air in the stomach halfway after breastfeeding. Don't put him back in the crib immediately after he finishes nursing, but pick him up, let him rest his head on your shoulder or knee for a while, and gently sweep his back from bottom to top to let the air out. You should be able to hear the obvious hiccups. If you find a lot of vomiting, you should consult a doctor next time you go to the clinic.

vomit

When the baby eats too much, it may spit out some or all of the milk, which is harmless. If vomiting occurs, stop feeding immediately. Give him a small amount of warm water several times a day. If you can't stop vomiting, you should see a doctor. Note that the sick baby must rest in a quiet room and give the baby plenty of drinks at the same time, because the baby is particularly sensitive to water shortage.

diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the common diseases of newborns, especially when the weather is hot or affected by other diseases. If you find that your baby has diarrhea and fever, you should see a doctor immediately without delay. Diarrhea is easy to identify, and the frequency of defecation suddenly increases, which is thin and smelly. Before seeing a doctor, you should let your baby drink more fluids (not food), such as warm water or porridge water. It is important for the baby to drink more fluids, because the baby has lost a lot of water, which is very dangerous. Pay attention to keep your baby clean and hygienic, and wash your hands after handling feces for your baby to prevent bacterial infection.

omphalitis

Umbilitis is a common problem in newborns. After the baby was born, the umbilical cord completed its historical mission. After the doctor ligated the umbilical cord, the umbilical cord stump dried up and fell off in 5-7 days, and the part that fell off was the navel. The problem occurred in the period before the umbilical cord fell off. If you don't care properly during this period, it is easy to get infected with bacteria and inflammation. This is omphalitis. To prevent the occurrence of omphalitis, the method is simple: keep the navel clean and dry. In the case that the umbilical cord does not fall off, the baby should be bathed in two parts. Don't let the umbilical cord and the dressing wrapped around it get wet. If the dressing on the umbilical cord is wet, it should be changed in time. Once you find exudate in your baby's navel, be sure to see a doctor. Mom and dad should clean the umbilical cord for the baby according to the aseptic operation procedures. Give the baby some antibiotics if necessary.

eczema

Eczema is an allergic disease with genetic tendency. More common in infants who are allergic to milk. Infants who are artificially fed are more prone to eczema than those who are breastfed. Common eczema is the most serious in babies of 2-3 months. Mainly distributed around the face, forehead, eyebrows, auricles and cheeks. In severe cases, it can spread to the whole body, especially to skin wrinkles, such as elbow fossa and armpit. At first, there are oozing small red papules, and finally they can scab and peel off. Repeatedly, for a long time. Children will feel itchy and uncomfortable.

Eczema is generally not serious and can be treated without special treatment. Just keep your skin clean. Don't use soap and shower gel to wash your baby's face and bathe. Just wash with water. After 4 months, the baby will gradually add complementary food to the baby and reduce the intake of milk until the baby is completely out of the state of taking milk as the staple food; On the contrary, eczema often heals itself without treatment after meals. Systemic treatment can be oral chlorpheniramine, vitamin C and other anti-allergic drugs, while eating some calcium, severe eczema can be wet compressed with boric acid water. Children with eczema may be allergic to certain foods when they grow up, such as fish and shrimp.