The storability of mandarin orange is better than other citrus varieties. After storage, the fruit is "yellow in winter and fresh in color and taste". As early as the fifth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 178), the "sea red" described in the world's first monograph "Orange Record" written by Wenzhou satrap Han Yanzhi is now orange.
The circle of oranges symbolizes reunion. Oranges are bright and contain the meaning of light and good luck. In the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was designated as a tribute. Because the word "orange" is homophonic with the word "official", it has become the mascot of the Lantern Festival. Su Dongpo once replied to Wang Jinqing, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty: "There is no pulp in the world next to the orange throne. I sent thirty dollars to Vimo. I didn't know Portugal was a lingering fragrance. " In fact, oranges are compared to delicate, elegant and noble flowers in Buddhist scriptures. Since then, citrus has become an essential fruit for literati's spring outing.
Liu Ji was the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, an outstanding politician, strategist and writer. More than 700 years ago, after careful consideration, he skillfully used dried lotus root as a "prop" to write "The Words of the Orange Man", which is a famous political fable, telling a speech caused by a trivial matter of selling bad oranges and exposing the corrupt behavior of the rulers at the end of the Yuan Dynasty under the pretext of the words of the orange man. Liu Ji's thought still has great educational significance and practical value to today's political circles.
Xu Mengzi, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, wrote a great historical work, Annals of the Alliance of the Three Dynasties to the North, which recorded the historical events in Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and Song Gaozong. According to the book, in December of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), nomads broke through Lin 'an and Yuezhou in Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, fled to Mingzhou (now Ningbo), and then took a boat to the sea. On the second day of the first month of the following year, Rosty Yi sailed to Zhang 'an (now Zhang 'an Community in Jiaojiang City) and anchored at the foot of Jin 'ao Mountain. The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, and Emperor Gaozong celebrated it in Chang 'an. At that time, two orange ships were blown away by the wind and hit the royal ship. Emperor Gaozong bought all oranges and made all the officers and men of the army eat oranges. He asked everyone to dig them into orange lights, pour in vegetable oil, put them in the wick, light them and put them in the East China Sea to go with the flow. Suddenly, they were calm, just like thousands of brightly lit small warships guarding Taizhou Bay. The residents of Zhang 'an climbed Jin 'ao Mountain to see the lanterns, which was very lively. The emperor and the people were happy together, which greatly settled the people's hearts. This true historical record is still circulated among the people in Zhang 'an, and Ou Gan left a wonderful story of solving problems for the country and the people in the history of our country.
During the Three Kingdoms period, citrus was already very famous. It is said that Cao Cao sent someone to Yongjia to transport 40 tons of citrus. The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms has a story about citrus. In the 68th Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Gan Ning robbed Wei Ying with a hundred riders, and Zuo Ci threw a cup at Cao Cao, telling the story of Zuo Ci teasing Cao Cao by peeling oranges, which made him full of gaffes. After Cao Cao became king, he built the Wei Palace in Ye Jun County and sent people to collect exotic flowers and fruits everywhere. In order to please Cao Cao, Sun Quan selected more than forty loads of big oranges and sent them to Ye Jun. The porter met Taoist Zuo Ci on the way. Zuo Ci said to the porter, "You have worked too hard to pick oranges all the way. How about I help you pick it for a while? " Of course the porter is happy. So Zuo Ci chose five miles for everyone. Strangely, the burden he picked was much lighter. Citrus was sent to Ye Jun, and Cao Cao wanted to have a taste. He took one at random and cut it open, but it was empty. It happened that Zuo Ci came to ask for an audience. Zuo Ci took some oranges and cut them on the spot. They were dripping with fresh juice and tasted sweet, but Cao Cao cut them again and they were still empty shells. The big orange mentioned in the story is selected from Wenzhou mandarin orange.
Famous historical figures such as Cao Cao, Zhang Cong, Han Yanzhi and Liu Bowen all had stories about citrus. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan presented oranges to Cao Cao as a gift, which established the supremacy of oranges. In the Song Dynasty, the custom of "scattering oranges" on the Lantern Festival gave lotus root good luck and noble spirit ... these are little-known allusions.
Ougan is a kind of wide-skinned citrus, named after Wenzhou people's nickname "ou". Wenzhou Ouhai is the origin of mandarin orange with a long history of cultivation. As far away as the Three Kingdoms, there was a record that Sun Quan gave an orange as a gift to Cao Cao.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Satsuma mandarin was famous for its high quality and delicious taste, and became a fruit given to princes during the Lantern Festival.
"New Tang Book" records five years and thirty-one years of geography: "Yongjia County, Wenzhou. Textual research on Yongjia and Anju in Shuozhou in the first year of Emperor Gaozong's reign. Tugong: cloth, oranges, oranges, sugar cane, leather. " "History of the Song Dynasty" Volume 31 has "August is not a year, and officials are forbidden to avoid alignment. Wu Jia, stopping at Wenzhou Huang Gan and Fuzhou Litchi Palace ". Oranges in Chengcheng Huang are also sold on the streets of Kaifeng, the capital. Liang Zhangju's Drifting Series has two volumes: "Yongjia Orange, commonly known as Ougan. The orange called Chun sold to Beijing has been famous since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Dongpo's poem "Yuan Er Yun once saw the sun":' The miracle of Yan Nan is unforgettable, and the three-inch orange breaks Yongjia'. " Mei Shi's "Weng 'an, the legacy of the sixth day of the first month" says: "Duke Bao, the nameless yellow and orange beauty. This is a familiar story, which is better than Mo Yongjia. " It can be seen that Ogan has been well-known since ancient times. No wonder Zhang Shinan lamented in Travel Notes that "the orange of Yongjia is the best in the world"! Until the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, oranges were still listed as tributes.
In the fifth year of filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 178), Han Yanzhi, the eldest son of Han Shizhong, a famous anti-gold star, compiled a three-volume Citrus Record (also known as Yongjia Citrus Record), which recorded the varieties and characteristics of Wenzhou Citrus in detail and summarized its cultivation, initial installation, cultivation, disease removal, watering, picking and harvesting at that time. The Annals of Citrus is the earliest and most complete academic monograph on citrus in the world, and it still has important academic value, which is considered as "a very valuable work on citrus horticulture" by the international botany community.
In Song Dynasty, Wenzhou mandarin oranges were mainly planted in Xishan, Shui Xin, Wuqiao and Nantang in Wenzhou suburbs, and then gradually spread to Sanyang, Wutian, Nanbaixiang and Chashan. Jiang Mingzhun's "Talking about the Sea" contains: "In Yongjia, it is better to grow oranges. The spectrum of Song and Han Shouyan's directness is sufficient evidence. Songshi was born in Xishan. Ye Dui said:' Wuqiao Lane, opposite, is Xishan Head. All forests are oranges, and without water, they are not lotus flowers.' This is also evidence. Later, Hetian, which flourished on the other side of the river, was just at the top, while Nanxian gradually extended to Wutian, the eleventh capital. "
In the early Ming Dynasty, Wenzhou was rated as a tribute project every year. There are 1 1 kinds of aquatic products, citrus and tea. "The place has been tired for more than a hundred years, who can do it!" In the sixth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1527), Zhang Cong (a native of Wenzhou Yongqiang) became prime minister. "I know I didn't contribute to recommend North Korea. Because of the secret discussion with me, I guarded the ministers and wanted to get rid of it. The emperor followed it. " So these tributes, including oranges, were cancelled.
In the Qing Dynasty, the third volume of Ou Cheng Bu, Pin, contained: "Those who cherish oranges can cure coal poisoning and recommend it as an adult case. Although it is worth two or three hundred, it must be sought. " The sixth volume of Yongjia County Records also records that there are five barrels of old tribute oranges in Yongjia County, and Xianfeng stopped tribute for ten years due to military affairs.
Historically, citrus was regarded as a treasure and people gave it to each other. Throughout the ages, literati have dedicated their talents to chanting oranges. Find some poems to taste. In history, the beauty of citrus is unparalleled in the world, and the literati's love for citrus is also among them.
In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan wrote a poem: "Two hundred oranges were planted by hand, and new leaves came to the city in spring. When you are a few years old, you can smell the snow, and whoever picks it can see the beads. "
Su Song Dongpo's Poem of Seeing the Sun in the Yuan Dynasty: "Xiao Suo's Dongfeng temples are full of flowers, and he wins the palace flowers every year. I'm sorry to hear that the reed pipe is plugged and blown, but I'm glad to see the bud in the reed plate. My country used to supply rice to Yun Ze, and your family made snow pit tea. The wonder of the wild goose south is unforgettable, and the three-inch yellow orange breaks Yongjia. "
Su Dongpo also wrote a poem "Answer to Jin Qing's Biography of Oranges": "There is no pulp in the world next to the seat of Orange History Biography. I sent thirty dollars to Vimo. I didn't know Portugal was a lingering fragrance. " This poem describes the ceremony of Song Emperor scattering oranges on the 15th day of the first month. Su Zhe's poem about Fredric Mao's Warm Orange: "The yellow orange in Chushan is small, but I don't know the three-inch orange in Dongting. If there is no romantic martial arts, who will send thousands of miles to Jiangnan? "
Mei's Poem on Warm Oranges by General Jinshi on the 6th day of the first month: "Gong Yu" is a rare book, and the beauty of yellow orange is unknown. This is a familiar story, which is better than Mo Yongjia. "
"Kumquat" written by Zhang Qingwu, a native of Qingpingyang, said: "After first frost, gardeners cut fresh, and" Orange Branch "sang luck. Who knows that Bao Gong announces Peace Day, and a real orange is worth two thousand. " Oranges are sold on the streets of Kaifeng in the capital of song dynasty, and the price is very high, two or three thousand yuan each.