Maintain and criticize the existing system.

The political attitudes of Confucianism and Socrates are completely different. Confucianism respected the patriarchal hierarchy of the Western Zhou Dynasty and emphasized the maintenance of the ethical order of "Jun Jun, ministers, father and son". Socrates is in the cradle of democracy, opposing extreme democracy and advocating rational democracy. Socrates is a scholar with critical spirit, asking him to insist on justice and not to participate in politics.

2. Morality first, wisdom first.

The core of Socrates' educational thought is the proposition that virtue is knowledge.

Virtue refers to rational knowledge, where Socrates unified intellectuality and virtue, but paid more attention to intellectuality; Confucianism pays more attention to political morality, and knowledge is secondary. "Into the filial piety, filial piety. You should sincerely believe, love the public and be kind.

You can study literature if you have spare time. Pursue the principle of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world", and "learning to be excellent is to be an official" embodies Confucius' thought that education serves politics.

The different values of the two cultures determine different teaching contents.

The combination of the tradition of pursuing knowledge and the independent critical spirit should be the characteristic of intellectuals, and this characteristic of western intellectuals is conducive to scientific progress.

Scholars in China lack the tradition of pursuing knowledge like western intellectuals, and more of them flow into or attach themselves to the political field.

3. Partial perception and emphasis on logic

Socrates pays attention to logic and speculation, and requires concepts to reflect essential characteristics, which is of universal significance, and the conclusion depends on the process of reasoning and argumentation; Confucianism, on the other hand, pays attention to perception and experience, and the conclusion does not need a detailed argumentation process.

Socrates focuses on thinking, while Confucianism focuses on action.

The deeper root of this difference is the difference in cultural value orientation and cognitive characteristics between East and West. Orientals are not good at the subject-object dichotomy mechanism. Although they can simply approach and reproduce nature, they also hinder the development of abstract reason and logic.

This difference directly affected the respective scientific development of the East and the West, and a series of scientific systems in ancient Greece were established. China lacks logic and abstract thinking, and science is inherently flawed. Scholars in China have either poured into the army of making contributions with their feelings, or stepped into the road of being an official while studying well.

4.Shang Xian and Ai Zhi

Confucianism pursues a saint with perfect morality, and God endows the patriarchal clan system with morality ("Ofuse, a natural winner"), and its mission is to "teach people tirelessly", so students can only accept his authoritative thoughts.

For example, Voltaire said, "Confucius didn't give them a new world view ..... he was just a wise man who taught ancient laws"; Socrates thinks that he has no wisdom, "wisdom means self-knowledge and ignorance", and he is just a "lover of wisdom". Socrates' cleverness lies in realizing what he doesn't know.

This thought has always inspired and promoted the progress of western rationalism.

Similarities between Confucian and Socrates educational thoughts;

1. Education target

Adhere to the concept of "teaching without class".

As the ancestor of teachers in China, Confucius opened private schools and recruited disciples, which broke the monopoly of government education on learning before the Spring and Autumn Period.

Socrates' students also come from all walks of life and fields.

But Confucius has the idea that the monarch values the people, "the people can make it, but not know it"; Socrates, on the other hand, believes that everyone needs to acquire knowledge, which is given by God.

2. Educational content

Attach importance to the cultivation of people's moral quality.

They all regard moral cultivation as an important part of education.

In terms of personal moral cultivation, everyone pays attention to personal practice and self-discipline.

However, Confucian morality is based on ceremony, while Socrates' morality is based on the supremacy of law and reason.

3. Teaching methods

Advocate heuristic teaching methods.

"Wei without anger, Wei without anger" shows that Confucius is good at mastering students' psychological state, and Socrates' "question and answer method" is the origin of modern western heuristic teaching.

Extended data

Socrates is most famous for his question-and-answer teaching method, which he himself called "midwifery".

His mother is a midwife, which is a metaphor for his teaching methods.

His mother's midwifery is midwifery, and his teaching principle of midwifery is to deliver babies for ideas and to guide people to produce correct ideas.

This method is carried out in the form of teacher-student question and answer from beginning to end. When Socrates taught students to acquire a certain concept, he did not tell them directly, but first asked the students questions and asked them to answer. If a student answers wrong, he doesn't correct it directly, but asks other questions to guide them to think, so as to draw a correct conclusion step by step.

It laid the foundation for heuristic teaching.