If we take all human sexual orientations and the intensity of their relationships as a coordinate, then we can divide human sexual patterns into seven grades or types, that is, 0 degrees is the heterosexual pattern that most people follow. The first and second degrees are basically normal sexual patterns. Although they love the opposite sex, the opposite sex can also stimulate their sexual desire and behavior, and homosexual behavior can also occur in some special circumstances, such as prisoners or soldiers in prison. Those who have degrees III and IV are "bisexual". They are both lovers of the opposite sex and passionate homosexuals. When and what orientation to adopt may be influenced by the social environment. Because for homosexuals, same-sex couples are more "scarce", bisexuals actually adopt a different lifestyle of homosexuality, but bisexuals can still live in harmony with friends of the opposite sex and even get married. Generally speaking, the inner world of bisexuals is obsessed with homosexuality. Communicating with friends of the opposite sex or marrying the opposite sex is only a manifestation of fulfilling their social roles, such as hiding people's eyes and ears, or responding to parents' demands to reduce social pressure. People with degrees ⅴ and ⅵ are homosexuals who focus on the same sex. They are either more interested in the same sex than the opposite sex at an early age, or occasionally have a short history of the opposite sex or even marriage, but they may eventually feel disgusted with the opposite sex because of marriage or love setbacks, or they may lose their sexual interest and impulse to the opposite sex without disgust.
Behavioral psychology believes that there are only quantitative differences between normal psychology and abnormal psychology, or between different sexual patterns, but there is no qualitative difference. Dialectically, the boundary between healthy psychology and abnormal psychology is relative and changeable. Similarly, in many special cases, it is also possible to switch between different sexual patterns.
Under what circumstances will homosexuality or bisexuality occur? Different scholars have different explanations and evidences. Influential theories include genetics theory, organ androgyny theory, endocrine theory, parents' fate star, situation and social relationship theory, psychological androgyny theory, psychiatry theory and so on. Judging from the time of occurrence, homosexuality or bisexuality can be divided into two categories: quality type and situational type. Whatever the explanation, according to the observation of clinical psychologists, one thing is certain, that is, quality people often have an unhappy childhood, while situational people have some special interpersonal communication and behavior processes. Judging from Leslie Cheung's example, he seems to have a bad family environment, unhappy childhood memories, and the role experience of women disguised as men. He is a good actor on the stage, earnest, devoted and vivid; He is a man of temperament in life, but his sad expression seems to mask his stage style, which may be an unconscious projection of his inner world. From a psychological point of view, there will be no mental pain without inner conflict, and there will be no suicide without severe mental pain. For Leslie Cheung, the success on the stage and the feeling of being in control freely, the frustration in life and the uncontrollable emotional life filled his heart with contradictions.
In addition, although different cultures in the world have different attitudes towards homosexuality and bisexuality, they are still regarded as an abnormal behavior in the classification and diagnosis standards of mental disorders in many countries. For example, homosexuality and bisexuality are still listed as psychological and behavioral disorders related to sexual orientation in the third edition of China Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders (CCMD-3). Among them, the diagnostic criteria of homosexuality are: ① conforming to the definition of sexual orientation disorder; ② Under normal living conditions, they began to show sexual orientation towards members of the same sex from adolescence, including thoughts, feelings and sexual behaviors; Although you can have normal sexual behavior with the opposite sex, your sexual orientation is obviously weakened or lacking, so it is difficult to establish and maintain family relationships with members of the opposite sex. The diagnostic criteria of bisexuality are: ① the definition of sexual orientation disorder; Under normal living conditions, I have been obsessed with members of the same sex and members of the opposite sex since I was a child, including thoughts, feelings and sexual behavior; ③ It is difficult to establish and maintain family relations with members of the opposite sex. As can be seen from the above standards, there is no essential difference between the two, but the attitude towards aliens is different.
Clinical observation shows that people with abnormal sexual orientation are often accompanied by other psychological and behavioral problems, such as inferiority, depression, self-blame, guilt, resistance, disgust for themselves and life, fear of being laughed at when they want to talk to someone, fear of being exposed when they want to see a psychologist, and dare not face the reality bravely despite their stubborn love. Throughout Leslie Cheung's life, pain and happiness, success and frustration, pride and inferiority, perfection and abnormality, being sought after and being teased are all in one, which makes people lament. Think of a sentence I often say: man is not only the creator of culture, but also the product of cultural shaping. Leslie Cheung has created many artistic images in his life, but how can he escape the unforgettable influence of a subculture?
Homosexuality is not a strange word in modern society. Historically, homosexuality has been denied and banned, but it is also recognized in many cases. For example, in China's slave society, homosexuality was openly popular and intertwined with many people's indulgence in heterosexual activities. In feudal society, homosexuality has never been condemned or criticized from Qin to Han. From the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was no obvious moral discrimination against homosexuality. From Sui and Tang Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mainstream morality of society was also quite tolerant of homosexuality. So, what is homosexuality? Various scholars have put forward various definitions from the perspectives of sexual psychology, sexual behavior and even medicine and sociology, but they have not been fully recognized so far. For example, some scholars believe that homosexuality belongs to sexual perversion, which is the thoughts and feelings of love for a certain same sex, regardless of whether there is obvious sexual behavior. Another view emphasizes: "Homosexuality belongs to' sexual perversion', which refers to the intimate physical behavior between homosexual individuals." "Sexual Medicine" clearly emphasizes: "Homosexuality refers to obvious homosexual sex and homosexual love." The definition put forward by psychoanalyst Freud is more concise. He thinks that anyone who loves the same sex is gay. A stricter definition is that "people who tend to choose the same sex as themselves as sexual satisfaction objects are homosexuals." Sexual satisfaction here must include emotional interest, sexual organ interest and sexual physiological excitement, but the proportion of the three can vary greatly. "
The third edition of Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders in China, published on April 20th, 20001year, no longer simply classifies homosexuality as pathological, but also strictly describes the diagnostic criteria for homosexuality. This is not only a great event in the field of psychiatry in China, but also has a far-reaching impact on people's social life. Before the new version of "Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders in China" was formulated, a special research group had done research on homosexuality. After a follow-up survey of 5 1 homosexuals for more than 1 year, it was found that only 6 people needed the help of psychiatrists. Therefore, the definition of homosexuality in the new diagnostic criteria is more detailed than that in version 1989. Homosexual behavior is not necessarily regarded as a manifestation of psychological abnormality, just because homosexual behavior leads to psychological contradictions and anxiety, which seriously affects normal life and study. Such regulations are closer to the policies implemented by the World Health Organization and conform to the international diagnostic standards for mental illness.
Homosexuality is the most common sexual deviation, which has existed since human history. Since the 20th century, researchers have done a lot of research on homosexuality, and found that a certain proportion of the respondents are homosexuals in different historical development stages and countries and regions with different economic and cultural backgrounds. Authoritative data show that 37% of men and 13% of women have had obvious homosexual tendencies or experiences at some time in their lives. Among them, absolute homosexuals account for 4% of men and 2%~3% of women. After investigating some areas in China, China scholars conservatively estimate it as 1%~2%, and infer that the number of homosexuals in China is above100000.
As early as 1974, due to the influence of the large-scale gay liberation movement, the American Psychological Association cancelled homosexuality from the Handbook of Psychiatry. The legal status of homosexuality was recognized for the first time. The gay liberation movement took place in the United States, which has its profound social reasons and complex social background. Because of the western society under the Christian tradition, the suppression of homosexuality has a long history. In the Middle Ages, homosexuality was considered a crime, and homosexuals were hanged. During World War II, Hitler sent homosexuals to concentration camps; In modern times, homosexuality is considered as a pathological condition and needs treatment. In contrast, in China's history books, there are many records about homosexuality. Although it is also regarded as indecent and abnormal, it has no strict suppression measures and is generally much more tolerant than the West. China set new standards 28 years later than the United States, but homosexuality is no longer regarded as morbid psychology, which is undoubtedly the progress of China society.
A large number of anthropological studies have confirmed that homosexuality is a phenomenon that has nothing to do with social moral level. Because it has been found that homosexuality exists in various social and cultural backgrounds (whether prohibited or condoned), in all walks of life, and in various occupations. Homosexuality exists not only in modern human beings, but also in all stages of national history. Not only humans, but also animals closely related to humans. Since 1970s, homosexuality has been generally excluded from the category of mental illness in the world. Modern sexology believes that only self-denying homosexuals need treatment. Treatment methods include psychotherapy and behavioral therapy, including systematic desensitization and aversion therapy. It should be pointed out that homosexuality is not the result of individual's free choice, and homosexuality in the general sense is not invasive and does not need to be solved by law.
Homosexuality refers to the sexual orientation and behavior of the same sex. Individuals with homosexual tendencies are called homosexuals, including men and women, both congenital and acquired.
International surveys show that homosexuality usually accounts for about 2% to 5% of the population. According to experts in China, the number of homosexuals aged 0/5 to 60 in China is about 30 million, including 20 million gay men and 20 million bisexual men, and 0/0 million lesbian women. Some are temporary and will become heterosexual.
Because of discrimination, 30% ~ 35% of homosexuals had strong suicidal thoughts, 9% ~ 13% had suicidal behaviors, 67% felt "very lonely" and 63% felt "quite depressed". More than half of people feel very painful because they are not understood, which seriously affects their lives and work.
In my opinion, they are just like us. We should treat them equally and should not discriminate against them at all. We shouldn't give them such unnecessary pressure. People with discriminatory ideas can only say that their education level is not enough, and sooner or later they will be accepted by everyone. It's only a matter of time.
Investigation on the "living conditions" of 30 million discriminated homosexuals;
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