Hypothyroidism, also known as hypothyroidism, is a hypothyroid disease caused by insufficient or lack of thyroid secretion or biological effects, mainly manifested as constipation, anovulation, proteinuria and other symptoms. Ms. Liu's daughter has suffered from hypothyroidism for more than 2 years, and her antibody is high. She has been taking Eupatorium adenophorum for a long time according to the doctor's advice, and all the indexes can generally be maintained at a normal level. But since she became ill, her face turned yellow, thinking that malnutrition led to anemia. She ate a lot of nutritious meals every day, but her face didn't change for several months. There was no abnormality in liver function test, and the doctor said there was no anemia. Yellowing is still related to hypothyroidism, so don't worry too much. What can hypothyroidism patients do to improve their complexion?

Liao Bin, director and professor of endocrinology department of Mawangdui Hospital, Hunan Province: Fat is a substance that provides heat energy and helps the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. When the patient is hypothyroid, the plasma cholesterol is discharged slowly, so the concentration of cholesterol in the plasma is very high, and the concentration of fat-soluble vitamins such as carotene in the body will also increase, thus making the skin yellow. Suggest that your daughter limit the intake of fat to reduce the concentration of plasma cholesterol. At the same time, reduce the intake of foods containing more carotene such as carrots and oranges. Eupatorium adenophorum should be controlled within the normal range, and the antibody is high. You can take a little selenium yeast and other drugs under the guidance of a doctor.

For Ms. Liu's daughter, it is suggested to check whether the blood β -carotene level is still high. For ordinary patients, other factors should be excluded, especially those who are nervous, depressed and bored. The more certain nutrients are consumed in the body, the less hormone (estrogen) will be secreted, which will lead to sparse menstruation, reduced menstrual flow or amenorrhea, and then the metabolic function in the body will decline, and the face will be dry and yellow.

pay attention to the diet

(1) Appropriate iodine in the diet.

(2) Sufficient protein: Only when the mass of protein per person per day exceeds 20G, can the human protein balance egg be maintained. Amino acids are the basic components of protein, and about 3% of protein is constantly updated every day. During hypothyroidism, the renewal rate of intestinal mucosa slows down, the secretion of digestive glands is affected, the enzyme activity is reduced, and the general albumin is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement essential amino acids and protein to improve the condition.

(3) Restricting fat and high cholesterol diet: Patients with hypothyroidism are often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, which is more obvious in primary hypothyroidism, so fat diet should be restricted. The daily fat supply accounts for about 20% of the total calories, and the diet rich in cholesterol is restricted.

(4) correct anemia and supplement rich vitamins: anemia patients should supplement iron-rich diet, vitamin B 12, such as animal liver and folic acid, and supplement liver preparations when necessary.

Text | Guangdong Science and Technology News Claire Kuo

Genetic factors are the main cause of hypothyroidism, and the influence of emotion on hypothyroidism patients can not be ignored. Bad mood will affect the secretion of thyroid hormone, so reducing the occurrence of tension, anxiety and other emotions in daily life is conducive to the stability of patients' condition.

In addition to emotions, there should also be restrictions on diet. Usually, we should control eating high iodine foods, such as hairtail, kelp and other seafood. Rape, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, cassava, walnuts and other foods. Because hypothyroidism pregnant women have a great demand for iodine, there is no restriction during pregnancy. In addition, pregnant women are prone to edema in the third trimester, so they should eat less salty food and eat more high-protein food and fresh vegetables and fruits.

Pregnant women with hypothyroidism also need to pay attention to keep warm, exercise properly, go to public places less and prevent infectious diseases. It is best to record your own feelings, such as fear of cold, edema, heartbeat, eating, defecation and so on. For doctors' reference, so as to adjust the dose of thyroid drugs. During pregnancy, if you feel good about yourself, are not afraid of cold, have no edema, have a good appetite, have a normal heartbeat and have no constipation, you should suggest taking thyroid drugs at an appropriate dose. If you are afraid of cold, edema, laziness, poor appetite and constipation, the drug dose may not be enough; If you are afraid of heat and your heart beats faster, it often means taking too much medicine. During medication, FT3, FT4, T3, T4 and TSH should be checked every month as a reference for adjusting drug dosage.

The full name of hypothyroidism is hypothyroidism, which is a systemic hypometabolic syndrome caused by hypothyroidism or thyroid hormone resistance. The disease can be divided into primary, central and thyroid hormone resistance syndrome according to the lesion site, in which primary hypothyroidism accounts for more than 90%, and hypothyroidism has obvious influence on multiple systems of the whole body. But the treatment of this disease is relatively simple, because the cause is clear. You just need to supplement thyroxine according to the cause. Of course, it also needs to be carried out under the guidance of a specialist. At the same time, we should pay attention to some problems and discuss them today.

L- thyroxine is the main drug for hypothyroidism replacement therapy, which usually needs lifelong medication. Dosage depends on the patient's condition, age, weight and individual differences. It is usually recommended to take l- thyroxine on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before breakfast or 4 hours after meals.

What aspects should hypothyroidism patients pay attention to?

1. Add appropriate iodine.

Iodine is the raw material for synthesizing thyroxine. Iodine deficiency can lead to insufficient secretion of T3 and T4, and increase the secretion of thyrotropin reflexively, thus promoting the thyroid gland to secrete more T3 and T4, thus leading to thyroid hyperplasia and enlargement. The daily average safe amount of iodine in normal adults is150μ g. Therefore, foods with high iodine content should be selected in the diet of hypothyroidism patients. Foods from the sea are natural organic foods rich in iodine, and seafood is the highest, such as kelp, seaweed and marine fish. In addition, salt, as a carrier of iodine supplement, is really effective in preventing goiter, but iodine is easy to volatilize when heated, so it is not advisable to put iodized salt in cooking too early.

2. Be careful to eat food that causes goiter.

Cassava, walnuts and other foods are one of the factors that cause goiter in iodine-deficient areas. Some plant foods such as cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, radish, strawberry, peach, soybean and peanut also contain substances that cause goiter. These goiter-causing substances will affect the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and heating the above foods can destroy these substances. So this kind of food is best cooked before eating.

3. Pay attention to supplement the right amount of calories and protein.

Patients with hypothyroidism have low basal metabolic rate, reduced calorie consumption, and dietary calorie intake should not be too high, otherwise it will easily lead to obesity. In the case of malnutrition in protein, thyroid function tends to decline. At this time, the renewal speed of small intestinal mucosa slows down, the secretory glands of digestive juice are affected, and the activity of enzyme decreases, which leads to the decrease of albumin. Therefore, to supplement protein in time to improve the condition, you can choose eggs, dairy products, meat, fish, beans and so on.

Limit fat and cholesterol

In hypothyroidism, the degree of blood lipid increase is positively correlated with the level of serum thyroid stimulating hormone. Patients with hypothyroidism are often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, so the fat intake in the diet should be controlled at about 20% of the total calories, and high-fat foods such as edible oil and fat meat should be restricted. At the same time, when hypothyroidism occurs, blood cholesterol synthesis and excretion are slow, plasma cholesterol increases, and triglycerides and lipoproteins also increase. Therefore, foods rich in cholesterol, such as animal offal, egg yolk and cream, should be restricted.

5. Supplement rich vitamins and dietary fiber.

Rich vitamins have a positive effect on regulating the physiological functions of the body, so we must supplement them adequately, especially B vitamins. In order to correct constipation, the supply of dietary fiber should also be sufficient. Coarse grains, fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber, so you can eat as much as possible.

20 18-02-02 1 text: 6 19, deputy captain

I am also a hypothyroid patient, hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and I am also a nutritionist. Therefore, for hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, I only give you the following nine suggestions:

A) Take Eupatorium adenophorum (levothyroxine sodium tablets) on time.

How much? Take it according to the results of biochemical examination and doctor's advice.

Hurry up: it's better to sleep at night. At least 2 hours apart from taking food or supplements such as calcium and iron. Calcium, iron, etc. It will interfere with the absorption of Eupatorium odoratum and affect the efficacy.

B) regular physical examination and review.

The degree of hypothyroidism is not static, and its dosage needs to be adjusted with the seasonal changes, such as spring, summer or autumn and winter.

C) control the intake of fat

Hypothyroidism will lead to the decline of basal metabolism and easily lead to weight gain.

D) Take enough protein, especially fish, meat (lean meat), eggs and milk (skim or low-fat milk can be selected if you are overweight or obese).

To ensure that there is food, there is food.

Lack of protein can easily lead to sticky edema, fatigue, laziness, inactivity and respiratory disorders.

E) eat more fruits and vegetables.

Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber, plant compounds and so on.

Patients with hypothyroidism are also prone to lack of these nutrients, which often leads to abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation.

F) The staple food is coarse grains, and the whole grains, miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous beans in the staple food are at least above 1/3.

Whole grains and miscellaneous beans are rich in nutrients, vitamins, especially vitamin B 1, minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, etc. ) and dietary fiber.

G) Eat more dark vegetables and moderate animal livers, and supplement vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin C, etc.

Patients with hypothyroidism often have dry skin. And these nutrients will moisturize the skin.

H) Patients with hypothyroidism should do proper exercise.

For example, walk for at least half an hour every day, do yoga and Tai Chi every day, and do some weight-bearing and resistance exercises every other day to increase the muscles of the body. But hypothyroidism is not suitable for strenuous and heavy load exercise.

I) Patients with hypothyroidism should avoid excessive fatigue, live a regular life and go to bed regularly.

Hypothyroidism often occurs in women, other people with thyroid problems and people over 60 years old. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause. Other causes include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, congenital hypothyroidism, partial or total thyroidectomy, thyroid radiotherapy and some drugs.

Symptoms will vary from person to person. They may include fatigue, weight gain, joint and muscle pain, constipation, dry skin, sparse hair, excessive or irregular menstrual cycles, fertility problems, depression and slow heart rate.

To diagnose hypothyroidism, the doctor will do a physical examination to see your symptoms, and a thyroid examination will confirm the diagnosis. The treatment is to take synthetic thyroid hormone every day. In addition, we need to pay attention to diet: choose a variety of fruits and vegetables. Eat more colorful foods such as berries and grapes rich in antioxidants. Limit foods containing saturated fat, such as red meat. Healthy seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids, at least twice a week. Cabbage, broccoli and spinach. These iodine contents are also very high, although not very high, but they need to be avoided.

You should also reduce the interference of stress and environmental toxins on the body's endocrine, and maintain a good attitude to eliminate the influence of toxins on hormones. Many people can achieve good results through lifestyle intervention.

The full name of hypothyroidism is hypothyroidism. What do patients need to pay attention to gradually? Today, Dr. Zeng will come to popularize science.

What is hypothyroidism? It is located in front of our neck, under the Adam's apple. It looks like a butterfly and is a very important endocrine organ. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone is very important for human growth, development and metabolism. If the thyroid hormone is deficient in infancy, it will lead to dementia, mental retardation and developmental retardation in children.

If an adult suffers from hypothyroidism, the patient will have symptoms such as listlessness, edema, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, lethargy, memory loss, less sweating, joint pain and weight gain.

Typical patients may have dull expression, slow response, hoarseness, hearing impairment, pallor, edema of face and/or eyelids, thick lips and large tongue, frequent tooth marks, dry and rough skin, desquamation, low skin temperature and edema, ginger skin on hands and feet, sparse and dry hair, prolonged Achilles tendon reflex time, and slow pulse rate.

Etiology and diagnosis of hypothyroidism More than 90% of hypothyroidism is primary hypothyroidism. Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery and iodine 13 1 hypothyroidism after treatment are the three most common causes. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is simple. Draw blood to check thyroid function. If TSH is elevated and free T4 is low, it can be diagnosed as hypothyroidism.

Treatment and precautions of hypothyroidism Most hypothyroidism patients need lifelong treatment and thyroid hormone for life. It is recommended to take it once a day. The first choice of taking medicine is before breakfast 1 hour, and the interval between taking other drugs and some foods should be more than 4 hours. In addition to taking medicine regularly, it is also necessary to regularly detect thyroid function and adjust the dosage according to thyroid function.

As for diet, hypothyroidism patients can eat normally and healthily without special attention. Some people say that hypothyroidism patients need a high iodine diet, which is unfounded. Most patients with hypothyroidism can't synthesize enough thyroid hormone, not because of lack of raw materials or iodine, and no amount of iodine can help. On the contrary, high iodine may also damage thyroid and aggravate hypothyroidism.

Since the end of the 20 10 college entrance examination, I have formed an indissoluble bond with medicine from the moment I transferred my volunteers. In the second half of the third year of college, I began to study the diagnosis and systematic examination of thyroid (visual inspection, palpation and auscultation of thyroid). In order to practice the technique of physical examination, we will complete thyroid examination among our classmates. During this process, my roommate found that her thyroid gland seemed to be a little swollen (because when we first studied, we were all cautious about the abnormal positive results of the physical examination and wondered if we had done something wrong), and then she asked our teacher to give her another physical examination, and the result was still the same. Although she has no special clinical manifestations, it is still necessary to consider that there may be something wrong with her thyroid. Go to the hospital to check the thyroid function. It's a pity that she is the first girl in our dormitory to lose her armor. After eugenol replacement therapy, everything is as normal as ordinary people. Although the prevalence of hypothyroidism is particularly high, it is estimated that there are about 1.78 hypothyroidism patients in every ten people, especially female patients from adolescence to childbearing age. Unexpectedly, I was a little more sensitive to my abnormal performance than ordinary people because I studied medicine in the fifth year of internship. Experienced tachycardia, sweating, strong appetite, but basically the same weight, energetic, particularly good memory and a series of processes. I was also aware of thyrotoxicosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis from the onset (thyroid cells were destroyed at the beginning of the onset, and thyroid hormone was released into the blood to form a short-term increase in thyroid hormone, which was called thyrotoxicosis).

The reason why I have made so many preparations is to tell you that the prevalence of hypothyroidism is very high and it is very common among ordinary people. Doctors get sick and get hypothyroidism. It is not terrible to analyze hypothyroidism from the perspective of patients and doctors. You only need to take Eupatorium adenophorum to maintain normal thyroid function, which will not have much impact on your life. You can still work, get married and have children. The incidence of thyroid diseases is hidden and the symptoms are atypical. Regular physical examination is the key to early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.

Next, I want to tell you from a professional point of view what to pay attention to after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

1. Precautions: Take Perrin replacement therapy regularly. You only need to take this medicine once a day, so it's no trouble. After a long time, it becomes a habit and you won't forget to take medicine. The best time to take medicine is before breakfast 1 hour. If not, you can take medicine on an empty stomach before going to bed. As for some people, I'm worried that I won't feel any problems after taking the medicine in my sleep (it will take 5-6 hours to reach the peak of taking the medicine, and the medicine you take today will take effect after about 3-5 days, so if the dose is not large, you can choose to take the medicine before going to bed). It is best to take other drugs at intervals of 4 hours before and after taking the medicine, and avoid eating with milk and soybean milk at the same time or at intervals shorter than 2 hours (milk and soybean milk protein can combine some drugs, resulting in reduced drug absorption).

Second, the problem of regular review: At the initial stage of treatment, it is recommended to review thyroid function (TSH, FT4) once a month until the drug dose is adjusted properly. After two consecutive rechecks, the thyroid function is normal, which can be rechecked once in March-June.

Third, the review of women of childbearing age after pregnancy: Because thyroid hormone will affect the growth and development of the fetus, women of childbearing age need to control thyroid function more strictly before preparing for pregnancy (to avoid copying, there is no specific value here, so it needs to be judged according to the month of your pregnancy). After pregnancy, the whole body has changed a lot. With the growth of the fetus, the demand for thyroid hormone is different, so it is necessary to check the thyroid function once a month until delivery. 4-6 weeks after delivery, it is necessary to review the nail function and adjust the drug dosage.

Fourth, diet: patients with hypothyroidism have no special taboos in diet. Hypothyroidism will affect blood lipid metabolism, and hyperlipidemia may occur. However, after adding Eupatorium adenophorum, the armor is normal, and it has little effect on blood lipid at this time. Of course, normal people do not recommend eating foods that are too greasy, high in fat, high in salt and high in energy. Some studies show that less iodine excretion in urine may delay the progress of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, so a low iodine diet may have certain benefits. I usually try not to eat kelp, seaweed and other foods with particularly good iodine content after eating. Of course, I eat a little occasionally, which doesn't make much difference. Therefore, patients with hypothyroidism do not have too many dietary taboos, and it is enough to have a balanced nutrition like normal people.

Because the treatment of hypothyroidism is simple and has little influence, if I have to suffer from an endocrine disease, I am glad that I am only a hypothyroid patient.

Thank you for reading. If you have any objection, please point it out and study together.

Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine organ in human body, weighing about 15-25g. Located in front of the neck, 2-3cm below the Adam's apple, it is butterfly-shaped in appearance and divided into two lateral lobes, which are connected by isthmus in the middle. The main function of the thyroid gland is to synthesize thyroxine and regulate the metabolism of the body.

Hypothyroidism, referred to as hypothyroidism, is a series of manifestations of metabolic decline due to various reasons or the decrease of peripheral tissue sensitivity to thyroxine. The common causes are thyroiditis and thyroid surgery. Adults are mostly 40-60 years old, and the ratio of male to female is 1:4.5. The onset is hidden, the course of disease is slow, and it is often ignored. Many people know something about hyperthyroidism, but little about hypothyroidism.

Clinical manifestations Patients with hypothyroidism often show fatigue, chills, slow heart rate, dry skin, less sweating, lethargy, memory loss, loss of appetite, constipation, menstrual disorder and/or infertility, weight gain and general edema.

Note: Patients with hypothyroidism have poor physical strength and are easily afraid of cold. Usually, we should pay attention to keep warm to prevent colds, and eat less high-fat foods in our diet, because patients with hypothyroidism are more prone to hyperlipidemia. For patients with hyperlipidemia, the diet should not be too greasy and avoid the intake of lard, butter and cream. , and is suitable for eating soybean oil and vegetable oil. For patients with malnutrition, it is advisable to eat high-quality protein diet, such as chicken, lean pork, mutton, beef and soybeans. For anemia patients, you can eat sesame, fungus, red dates, seaweed, spinach and so on. For patients with hypothyroidism complicated with diabetes, sweets should not be eaten, and diet control should be done well. Try to avoid using foods that promote goiter, such as cabbage, radish and potatoes. In addition, you need to check whether you are iodine deficient or iodine sufficient to determine your daily diet, and don't blindly supplement iodine. For patients with sufficient iodine, blind iodine supplementation will aggravate hypothyroidism. Iodine supplementation can be taken from iodine-rich iodized salt, iodine soy sauce, iodine bread, kelp and laver.

Compared with hyperthyroidism, the treatment of hypothyroidism is relatively simple, and only a certain amount of thyroxine needs to be supplemented every day. Except for a few hypothyroidism (such as subacute thyroiditis and hypothyroidism caused by drugs), most hypothyroidism is a permanent disease and needs lifelong treatment. Patients should check their thyroid function every three months to six months, and ask the doctor to adjust the replacement dose of thyroid hormone according to the examination results. You can't reduce or stop taking drugs on your own.

Thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ in our body, which is located in front of our neck and secretes thyroid hormone. Many functions of our body need thyroid hormone to maintain. Thyroid hormone is very important for our growth and development. If congenital thyroid insufficiency, it is dementia. If the thyroid hormone function is insufficient in adulthood, it is hypothyroidism.

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in maintaining our basic metabolism and water and electricity balance. Therefore, hypothyroidism can cause fatigue, hypothermia, fear of cold, myxedema, weight gain, dry and rough skin, hair loss, dry hair, memory loss, depression, irregular menstruation and so on.

It is called hypothyroidism because the thyroid hormone secreted by our thyroid gland is not enough to maintain our metabolism. Therefore, the most important thing for hypothyroidism is to supplement thyroid hormone. At present, Perrin, the left thyroid hormone, can supplement the deficiency of thyroid hormone. Pay attention to the regular review of thyroid hormone levels and maintain a certain dose. There are no special precautions in daily life.

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease. The main manifestation of hypothyroidism is the decrease of basal metabolic rate, and patients may have obesity, poor mental health, loss of appetite and other manifestations. What should I pay attention to once hypothyroidism is diagnosed?

First, find the reason.

The occurrence of hypothyroidism is mostly primary hypothyroidism. Besides these, hypothyroidism can also occur after operation, iodine 13 1 treatment and pituitary insufficiency. Understanding the causes of hypothyroidism is very important for how to treat it.

Second, take medicine on time.

In fact, the treatment of hypothyroidism is very simple, that is, artificial supplementation of thyroxine until thyroid function is normal. And once hypothyroidism occurs, there is little chance of recovery. Therefore, it is particularly important to take medicine on time and supplement thyroxine for a long time.

Third, pay attention to review.

It doesn't matter if you add thyroxine, okay? Of course not. After thyroxine supplementation, it is necessary to check regularly to find out whether thyroid function is hyperthyroidism or still declining. It is precisely because of regular review that the dosage of thyroxine can be effectively adjusted.