Du Fu was able to write poetry at the age of seven, and entered the literary world at the age of 14 and 15, making him famous. After he was 20 years old, he basically lived a wandering life, having been to wuyue and wandering between Qi and Zhao. At the same time, when I was 24 years old, I took the Jinshi exam for the first time, but I failed in Sun Shan.
At the age of 35, Du Fu came to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In the second year, he took the Jinshi exam again, and failed in Sun Shan again. At first, he was full of confidence in seeking fame and thought that success was just around the corner, but after staying in Chang 'an for 10 years, he hit a wall one after another and his life was in trouble.
In desperation, Du Fu asked powerful people to recommend him, and finally he only became a humble little official. Later, when he was in Tang Suzong, he was left to clean up. Soon, Su Zong was offended and despised. Due to the pressure of life and disappointment with his official career, he gave up his humble position and entered Shu to survive.
Shortly after arriving in Chengdu, Du Fu built a thatched cottage in the west of Chengdu with the help of his friend Yanwu. In the first two years, his life was relatively easy. After the death of his good friend Yanwu, Du Fu completely lost his dependence on life, and had to take his family with him, board a boat and live a life of wandering and fleeing.
In 770, 59-year-old Du Fu, on a boat in Xiangjiang River, Hunan Province, sadly ended his difficult wandering career.
Du Fu has been dominated by Confucian thought of loyalty to the monarch and love for the people all his life. Whether poor or developed, he always thinks about the world, which is the keynote of his poetry creation.
Du Fu lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems fully reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, and were known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu's poems combine turbulent times with personal experiences, which widely and profoundly reflect historical facts and social life prospects, and have great practical significance.
Du Fu's poems are rich in content. Du Fu was ambitious when he was young, and his poems often described his ambition and expressed his ideals. Most of the most mature representative works were written in the turbulent period of the rapid decline of the Tang Dynasty. The turbulent scene caused by the war, the sufferings of people's livelihood, and the face of social depression after it violently impacted the poet's mind.
Du Fu recorded a nation's suffering history with the pen of blood and tears, and profoundly revealed the social contradictions in that turbulent era. Worrying about the country and the people is the core content of his poems.
In addition, Du Fu often paints landscapes, expresses feelings of daily life and cherishes historical sites, but he is also full of deep feelings for the country and people.
From Beijing to Fengxian, Five Hundred Words of Love is a long epic reflecting the real situation of society. The experience described in the poem and what I saw and heard in the journey are closely related to the times. "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death" is the best summary of the sharp social contradictions at that time. The whole collection of poems integrates narration, lyricism and reasoning, which is vast and spectacular.
Li Shihao, Xin 'anli and Tongguan Li are Du Fu's works describing social reality, and they are collectively called the Three Officials. Works with the same theme include Farewell to Newly Married, Homeless and Farewell to the Old and Welcome the New.
Through the story the author saw with his own eyes, The Excavator revealed the cruelty of feudal rulers, reflected the profound disaster brought by the war to the broad masses of people, and expressed the poet's deep sympathy for the working people.
One of the artistic features of this poem is conciseness, which integrates lyricism and argument into narrative and distinguishes love from hate. Scenes and details describe nature and reality. Good at cutting, with a prominent center. The poetic style is clear, fluent and tragic, and it is a model of realistic literature.
Li Xinan's whole poems can be divided into two levels. The first sentence 12 describes the capture of Ding by the army and the separation of flesh and blood, and reveals the pain brought to people by the Anshi Rebellion. After 16 sentence, the pen turned to enlighten and comfort the people. The whole poem embodies the author's expectation for the rulers to quell the rebellion as soon as possible and realize the revival of the dynasty.
Tongguan Li describes Tongguan natural disasters through Tongguan Li's mouth, expressing the poet's regret for Taolin's defeat in World War I, and hoping that the soldiers guarding Tongguan must learn from history, make good use of Tongguan natural disasters and safeguard Chang 'an's security.
Farewell to Newlyweds describes the separation of a newly married couple, and creates an image of a young woman who understands the righteousness deeply. The poem wrote:
Rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long.
It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband.
If you get married, you won't warm your bed.
It is too hasty to say goodbye at dusk.
Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang.
Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear?
When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night.
If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog.
You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain.
……
The whole poem imitates the bride's tone of self-pity, writes out the attitude and complex psychology of the people facing the war at that time, and profoundly reveals the great misfortune brought by the war.
Homeless is about a soldier who returned to his hometown after the defeat in Yecheng. He was homeless and was heavily recruited. Through his own experience, he reflected the desolation of the countryside and the tragic experience of people at that time, and gave a powerful whip to the cruelty and decay of the rulers. The whole poem is full of scenes and touching feelings.
"Farewell to the Old" not only profoundly reflects the disasters suffered by the people and the cruelty of the rulers during the Anshi Rebellion, but also faithfully expresses the author's patriotic spirit by describing a sad scene in which an old man joined the army in his later years and bid farewell to his wife. The whole poem is lyrical, based on life, straight into people's hearts and subtle analysis, which accurately and vividly shows the real life of a specific era.
The artistic achievements of Du Fu's poems are outstanding. The spirit of realism runs through Du Fu's creative practice all his life. In his poems, he closely linked the personal sufferings of his contemporaries with the sufferings of the people, and comprehensively and profoundly reflected the extensive social content of his historical era.
The characters, events, scenery and local customs in Du Fu's works all reflect the characteristics of a certain era, especially the important current events at that time, shining with the light of realism.
Du Fu's poems have various forms, including long and short, ancient and present. At the same time, they also have many styles, besides the five ancient, seven ancient, five laws and seven laws, there are many rhyming and awkward styles.
Du Fu often chooses to use ancient style or near-body style according to specific themes. Generally speaking, Du Fu's narrative-oriented poems mostly adopt the five-character or seven-character archaic style with strong flexibility, while his lyric-oriented poems mostly adopt the five-character or seven-character modern poems.
The narrative object of Du Fu's narrative poems is different from the general description of traditional narrative poems, but he is good at detailed description of Fu style. The details laid out in Du Fu's narrative poems are often typical images of life, which can highly condense and outline complex social phenomena and reveal their essential significance.
The language of Du Fu's poems pays attention to repeated tempering, and strives to achieve the effect of "language is not surprising and endless". Therefore, his poetic language is concise, accurate and vivid, which can be read by people. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities. When portraying characters, he is particularly good at grasping the description of details.
Du Fu also mastered the application of language phonology. According to the content and artistic conception of his poems,
Adopt the rhythm that adapts to it, and give full play to the expressive force and appeal of poetry. Therefore, Du Fu's poems not only have the beauty of images, but also have the beauty of music.
The most prominent style of Du Fu's poems is melancholy and depression. His poems are magnificent in artistic conception, deep in feelings and concise in warning. Depression refers to the deep sadness of emotions, which has a wide range of connotations; Stagnation refers to the ups and downs of mood, structure and tone rhythm. Whenever Du Fu laments the state affairs and life experiences, this style presents a style of writing.
Du Fu's poems are full of realism. He inherited the realistic tradition of the Book of Songs, Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties and the early Tang Dynasty, and pushed realistic poetry to a new peak.
In addition, Du Fu also created a large number of long narrative poems, which developed the five-character ancient poems from a short space into masterpieces, and also promoted the writing of the Seven Rhymes to be refined and mature, which provided rich artistic reference for future generations in artistic skills and expression methods, and played an important role in the history of poetry.