Zhu Xi (1130.10.22-1200.4.23) is internationally known as Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, Jiangnan East Road (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi. Zhu is the only one of the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall who worships Confucius Temple without being personally handed down by Confucius. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and served as the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. He is an honest official and promotes the construction of academies. This official worships Huan's attendance system and gives lectures to the emperor.
Zhu Zhu is the author of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Zhuzi Daquan and Zhuzi Xiang. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.
Character life:
Zhu was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty, and then moved to Chong 'an County, Jianyang with his mother. In his later years, he settled in Jianyang Kaoting, so he was later called Kaoting School, and he traveled widely. Jianyang is also called "Min Nan Queli". Poet, philosopher and educator in Southern Song Dynasty. The master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Northern Song Dynasty, and completed the monism system of principle and qi.
Zhu Shaoxing was a scholar in the 18th year (1 148). In the 21st year, Shaoxing was appointed as Quanzhou Tongan Principal Book, and in the 22nd year, Shaoxing took office. (Zhu served as Tongan's main book for five years, and often traveled around the book, visiting friends and seeking wisdom and exploring the Range Rover. Tongan is more than 100 miles away from Quanzhou, and Anhai is located between Quantong, which is the only place to pass. Therefore, Zhu traveled back and forth between the two places and often spent the night in Anhai. Every time I pass by Anhai, I have to visit Zhu Song's remains and invite famous Confucian scholars from Zhao Ji Town to give lectures on Confucian classics, which has a far-reaching influence on Anhai's writing style. After Ren Man, he asked to resign, devoted himself to psychological research, gave lectures everywhere, and publicized his own neo-Confucianism, that is, "justice" and "keeping justice and destroying human desires", and became the founder of Cheng (referring to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) Zhu School.
In the second year of Xichun (1 175), he met with another school headed by Lu Jiuyuan at Ehu Temple in Xinzhou (now Shangrao) and debated the philosophical differences between the two schools.
In the fifth year of Xichun (1 178), Zhu was appointed as the Zhijun of Nankang (now Xing Zi County, Jiangxi Province) on the recommendation of Prime Minister Shi Hao. From March to August, 2008, Zhu Ren was the official residence of Changping Division, Nanxi Road, Jiangxi Province. During his term of office, he raised money and food to help the victims, so that the people could live in peace. It is planned to reorganize the secret cabinet, and he will not take office until the donor is rewarded. Due to the drought in eastern Zhejiang, the Prime Minister recommended Zhu as Changping in eastern Zhejiang. He didn't go to Shaoxing until the benefactor received the reward. After officially arriving at the secret pavilion, he was ready to talk to Huan.
At the time of (1190 ~1194), Yin Zhu visited and sang with okra, a famous scholar who gave lectures in Xiangzhi, leaving a poem about it. His poem said: "The pillow at the head of the bed is a midstream, and the spring at the bottom of the well leads to the pool. I have never been pregnant with birds, but I only smell the rain and flowers. " Later generations carved this poem on Shan Zhi. [ 1]
In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), in order to avoid the disaster of Han Tuozhou, a powerful minister, Zhu, Cai Shen, Huang Zhong and other men and women came to Wuyi Hall near Shuanglin Temple in Fushan, a new town (now Zhushan Village, lichuan county Township) to give lectures and wrote a poem "Fushan". During this period, he traveled between Cheng Nan and Nanfeng. Now, at the invitation of Li Yuanji and Deng, he wrote an Inscription of Sergeant Jianchang, which greatly praised Jianchang talents. At the invitation of Wu Lun and Wu Chang brothers in Hamawo Village, Shangtang, Nancheng County, he gave lectures in the village, wrote Rongmu Xuan for Wu's guild hall, Book House for reading pavilion and Shecang Ji for the Shecang founded by Wu brothers. In the village, he also wrote a famous poem "Ask the canal so clear that there is flowing water at the source" ("Reading"). After Zhu left the village, the villagers changed Toawo village to Yuantou village. In the Republic of China, a living water town (now Shangtang Town) was built in memory of Zhu. The rock wall of Nanfeng Ceng Gong is engraved with the word "Yan Shu" inscribed by Zhu, and the wall of the small pool under the cave is engraved with the word "Mo Chi" inscribed by Zhu.
Zhu has also been to Le 'an, Jinxi and Dongxiang successively. In Liukeng, Le 'an, there is a plaque inscribed for Zhuangyuan Building at the entrance of the village. At the invitation of the Lu brothers, he gave a lecture at Chongzheng College in Jinxi, and presented the book "The Study of Brothers, the Heart of the Immortal". When Dongxiang crossed Runxi (water name), there was a poem "Crossing Runxi".
Qingyuan died in six years. In the second year of Jiading (1207), he wrote a letter of goodwill, wrote an obituary, found a Chinese medicine practitioner, and awarded him a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Museum. In the third year of Li Zongbaoqing's reign (1227), he gave it to a surname, chased lord protector, and changed his emblem to lord protector. In 1999, in memory of Zhu, Feng specially built Nanhu Academy on Jiangnan West Road (now the former site of the automobile).
Zhu is a master of science and one of the main representatives of feudal Confucianism in China. His academic thought, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, marking a more complete ideology of feudal society. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13), the imperial examination was resumed, and Zhu's Notes on Four Books was ordered as the textual research. In the second year of Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu reign (1369), Zhu et al. took "Chuan as the Sect" in the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became a powerful spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's academic thought also has an important influence in the history of world culture. Zhu's main philosophical works include Notes to Four Books, Four Books or Topics, Illustrations of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Original Meaning of Zhouyi and Enlightenment of Yijing. In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples.
As a master of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu has written a lot, including Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Songs of the South, Zhuzi's Complete Collection and Quotations from Disciples.
Although he is not rich all his life, he is not poor, and he is generally at a well-off level.