On health education in colleges and universities.
Health education is not just a course. Good health education can enhance the strength of a nation. Although its educational value can not be reflected overnight, it can be seen from the successful experience abroad that the impact of health education on the country is immeasurable. Through the analysis of college students' physiological and psychological problems, health education in colleges and universities should be carried out in a targeted manner to achieve the goal of school health education.
Health education; Prevention of diseases; promote health
Health education is the basic strategy of health care in the 2 1 century, and it is a health care measure with less investment, high output and great benefit. The development history of health education at home and abroad shows that health education is promoted from school to society. School health education is a social public service and an important part of popular science work.
School health education is to encourage students to consciously adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through planned, organized and systematic educational activities, eliminate or reduce risk factors affecting health, prevent diseases, promote health and promote normal physical and mental development. The first specific goal of school health education is to improve the health knowledge of young students, understand the value and significance of health, and improve their self-care and self-prevention awareness. The second is to enable young students to gradually develop healthy behaviors, consciously choose healthy lifestyles, improve their quality of life, improve their physical and mental health, and lay the foundation for lifelong health. Third, on the basis of popularizing health knowledge, let students understand the relationship between their own health and the environment, and integrate theory with practice.
By 20 10, the number of college students in China is expected to reach 30 million steadily and become a huge special social group. College students are generally 17 ~ 22 years old, in the period of human growth and development? The second growth peak? In the later period, their psychological development is at a turning point from the middle and late youth to adulthood. They tend to think highly of themselves and are easily frustrated. Because they still lack rich experience, their psychological development is not fully mature. Therefore, when they face some complicated problems, they will still be naive or one-sided, resulting in ambivalence, even psychological obstacles and mental diseases. From the external environment, the current changing ideas and social life environment have had a profound impact on college students, so college students must quickly adapt to the tense pace of social life; The intensification of employment competition has brought about the advance of career choice and related high-intensity mental work, and further increased the psychological pressure of college students. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out and strengthen college students' health education in colleges and universities to maintain and improve their comprehensive health level and avoid and reduce the occurrence of various diseases and psychological obstacles.
The common physical and psychological problems of college students are as follows: ① Inferiority: Many college students have low evaluation of their own abilities, knowledge and quality, have no confidence in themselves, have poor psychological endurance, can't stand stimulation, are often sentimental, and are prone to doubt and hesitation. It is reported that 57% of the students in a tax college have a sense of inferiority. ② Social obstacles: The main reason is that they are too defensive, too concerned about themselves and lack self-confidence. It is reported that 84% of college students have interpersonal problems, and 57% of them have social difficulties. (3) Laziness: Laziness is common among college students. Narrow-minded: Many college students like to haggle over every ounce. They are jealous, critical and narrow-minded. For example, Ma Jiajue, a biology student at Yunnan University, was suspected of cheating while playing cards with his classmates, so he held a grudge against his classmates and brutally killed three of them. ⑤ Depression: Depression is a common emotional distress of college students. It is a negative emotion caused by feeling unable to cope with external pressure, often accompanied by disgust, pain, shame and inferiority. According to the survey, the detection rate of depression among students in Guangzhou Medical College is 80.6%. There are reports of college students committing suicide every year in colleges and universities all over the country. ⑥ Anxiety: Due to the increasing pressure of study and employment and fierce social competition, the anxiety of college students is becoming more and more serious, which affects their study and life. ⑦ Overego: Most college students are only children at home. They are spoiled since childhood, often self-centered, lacking the spirit of mutual care, mutual help and mutual tolerance. College students are poor in independent living and self-care, and lack of health knowledge, mental health knowledge and sexual physiology knowledge.
Common bad habits of college students include: ① bad eating habits: college students often go to bed late and get up late, skip breakfast, and eat breakfast and Chinese food together, which leads to overeating and irregular diet; Some students are partial to food, like to eat more, and don't like to eat less or even not; Some students keep slim by dieting. Because of irregular and unbalanced eating behavior, it will cause gastritis, gastric ulcer, anorexia and so on in the long run; Excessive nutrient intake can cause obesity, fatty liver, cholecystitis, gallstones and so on. Insufficient nutrition intake will lead to malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia, which will lead to inattention, decreased learning efficiency and increased physical fatigue. (2) Bad living habits: College students are in adolescence, with the common emotional and emotional characteristics of young people, rich, complex and unstable emotions, and easily influenced by the outside world. In order to behave maturely and imitate adult behavior, some students smoke, drink and even take drugs, and some students pursue illusory stimuli and surf the Internet without restraint, which not only neglects their studies and harms their health, but even a few students embark on the road of crime. (3) Bad health habits: Chinese universities adopt boarding management, and college students live in groups and are vulnerable to the spread of various diseases. The main manifestations and effects of bad personal hygiene habits are: not taking a bath for a long time, not changing clothes, not having a haircut regularly, cutting nails and drying bedding towels irregularly, which will lead to contact infectious diseases, such as various skin diseases and trachoma; Spitting, littering, not washing hands before and after meals, and using other people's daily necessities at will cause digestive and respiratory tract and contact infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza, hepatitis A, bacillary dysentery, conjunctivitis and beriberi caused by mold infection. Failing to protect oral hygiene and brushing your teeth early or late will lead to periodontitis, gingivitis, dental caries, oral ulcers and other diseases. Although these are very small things, but not paying attention to personal hygiene is a hotbed of many infectious diseases. ④ Bad mood: Bad mood is very harmful to college students' physical and mental health. Under the long-term effect of negative emotions such as depression, tension, anxiety and fear, the human immune function declines and it is easy to suffer from various infectious diseases. At the same time, internal organs, especially the digestive system and cardiovascular system will also be affected. Common diseases of college students, such as migraine, arrhythmia and gastric ulcer, are all related to bad mood. The survey shows that the most common psychological disorders and diseases among college students are related to persistent negative emotions. For example, the cause of neurasthenia is directly related to long-term tension and anxiety. Some college students are depressed, depressed and depressed for a long time because they can't adjust and eliminate bad emotions, which not only seriously affects their study and life, but even leads to suicide and tragedy. ⑤ Lack of physical exercise: In the information age, the pace of students' study and life is obviously accelerated, and the competitive pressure is increased. In order to seize all the time to study, they can't sit for long and seldom take part in extracurricular activities. Many young people think that youth is capital, youth is competitiveness, and sports is a waste of time. This wrong view leads to an increase in the prevalence of young people, a decline in physical fitness, and an increase in the incidence of rich diseases.
In view of college students' physiological and psychological problems and bad living habits, health education in colleges and universities can be carried out from the following aspects: ① physical health: human anatomy and physiological knowledge; Nutrition and health knowledge; A healthy lifestyle; Security and self-defense knowledge; Environmental health knowledge; Knowledge of commonly used drugs; Prevention of common diseases; Prevent infectious diseases. ② Mental health: adolescent sexual mental health care; Learning mental health care; Communicative psychological counseling and other mental health counseling. ③ Social adaptation: adaptation to rapid physiological growth and development, especially to sexual maturity; Adapt to study and life; Adaptation of interpersonal communication; Adaptation to further studies or career choice; Adaptation to setbacks, etc.
At the same time, solving the problem of class hours is the key to make college students' health education truly implemented. Health education is impossible without the necessary class time guarantee. In addition, health education professionals, teaching materials and teaching models are all indispensable conditions for running health education courses well. We must make it clear that health education is not just a course, and good health education can enhance the strength of a nation. Although its educational value cannot be achieved overnight, it can be seen from the successful experience of foreign countries that the impact of health education on the country is immeasurable.
Authors: 235000 Huaibei Institute of Health Education.
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