1. What are the symptoms of acid reflux?
1. What are the symptoms of acid reflux?
The most obvious symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which is a burning pain behind the sternum. It originated in the chest and can spread to the neck, pharynx and even face. It is caused by gastric acid reflux, which usually occurs after eating or lying down, and may be accompanied by reflux of gastric contents into the mouth or excessive saliva. When gastric acid stimulates the inflamed lower esophagus, the increase of saliva secretion is called gastric acid reflux.
2. Complications of gastric acid reflux
Complications of acid reflux include esophageal stricture (peptic esophageal stricture), esophageal ulcer and esophageal precancerous lesion (Barrett syndrome). Inflammation of the esophagus can cause pain and bleeding when swallowed. Usually the bleeding is slight, but it can also lead to massive bleeding. Stenosis makes it more difficult to swallow solid food. Peptic esophageal ulcer is an open ulcer focus in the inner layer of esophagus. Pain is usually located behind or just below the sternum and can usually be relieved by antacids. This kind of ulcer heals slowly, and it needs 4 ~ 12 weeks of drug treatment to reduce gastric acid, which is easy to recur and often leaves a narrow esophagus after healing.
3. What is acid reflux?
"Gastric acid reflux" is a common name for gastroesophageal reflux disease. In the past, the medical community thought it was a common gastrointestinal disease in Europe and America, and it was estimated that about 44% Americans suffered from it. With the westernization of lifestyle and the increase of obesity population, the incidence of this disease in Asia has been rising in the past twenty years.
The initial symptom of acid reflux is "burping", but it is easy to be ignored. Other typical symptoms include heartburn and irritation of gastric acid reflux to the mouth or throat.
In recent years, there are more and more cases in acid reflux, because people's lives are getting busier and busier, their diet is irregular, they eat dinner too late or have the habit of taking supper, and then they fall asleep after eating enough, which makes it easier for them to acid reflux.
2. How to prevent acid reflux?
1, eat on time and maintain the "valve" function.
Regular diet, reasonable nutrition, but not enough hunger, regular quantitative is the key, eat less or no midnight snack, and should not work or exercise immediately after meals; Don't eat two hours before going to bed, and look up when sleeping to prevent acid reflux.
2. Avoid food irritation and protect the stomach.
Avoid eating frozen and overheated diet, and the diet temperature should be moderate;
Avoid eating a lot of monosodium glutamate, sour and salty food, and the diet is mainly light, which will stimulate gastric acid secretion;
Avoid eating too much meat, too oily and fried food; Diet is mainly digestible food, meat should be fried, vegetables should not be half cooked, irritating food (strong tea, coffee, wine, pepper, curry, etc. ) Eat less, don't eat hot food or eat too fast.
Don't eat two hours before going to bed.
Do not drink caffeinated drinks, such as coffee, tea, etc.
Try to avoid eating too greasy and sweet food, such as chocolate and cake, because this kind of diet will reduce the pressure of lower esophageal sphincter and increase gastric acid reflux;
In addition, try to avoid drinking sour juice, such as lemon juice and tomato juice, because these sour drinks will stimulate the inflamed esophagus and aggravate the burning sensation in the chest and chest pain.
3, hyperacidity diet precautions
Reducing food intake and satiety can easily lead to relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter. Eat slowly, eat in small quantities. Dinner is especially not suitable for satiety; It is not advisable to eat 4 hours before going to bed.
Drink less acid drinks, alcohol and tobacco to prevent the tension of sphincter at the lower end of esophagus from decreasing, especially hard liquor can reduce the frequency of esophageal peristalsis and contraction.
Reducing fat intake can delay gastric emptying, stimulate gallbladder contraction and secretion, and reduce esophageal sphincter pressure. Cooking is mainly based on boiling, stewing and stewing, not frying. Don't eat too much meat, greasy and fried food. The meat should be cooked well, and the vegetables should not be half cooked.
Increase protein intake, stimulate gastrin secretion and increase esophageal sphincter pressure. Therefore, protein can be properly added to food, such as lean meat, milk, bean products, egg white and so on.
Diet should be less irritating, eat less chocolate, and use less spices in cooking, such as pepper, curry, pepper, garlic and mint.
Avoid eating too much monosodium glutamate, hot and sour and salty food. The diet is mainly light, and heavy taste will stimulate gastric acid secretion. A small amount of ginger and pepper can warm the stomach and enhance the protective effect of gastric mucosa.
Frozen and overheated diet. The diet temperature is moderate, and drinking tea and soup should not be overheated.
4. How to treat chronic gastritis?
(A) diet and the removal of unfavorable factors
Eat a light diet and avoid irritating food, rough food, overheated drinks, excessive drinking and salty food. Try to find and eliminate the causes of chronic gastritis, and stop taking drugs, drinking and smoking.
(2) Mental and comfort treatment
People's fear of chronic gastritis is more inclined to worry that gastritis will become cancerous. Some clinical observations have found that neuroendocrine dysfunction and gastrointestinal hormone release disorder play a certain role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis. In the treatment, we should pay enough attention to nervous, anxious, excited, irritable, sad and other manifestations of autonomic nervous dysfunction. At present, only atrophic gastritis has a certain relationship with gastric cancer. Therefore, patients should be given correct health education, maintain an optimistic attitude towards life and avoid aggravating their mental burden.
(3) drug therapy
1. gastric mucosal protective drugs
The main function of gastric mucosal protective drugs is to enhance the barrier function of gastric mucosa and its ability to resist injury factors. For those who have symptoms of acid regurgitation, heartburn and stomachache, gastroscopy suggests mucosal erosion and bleeding, mucosal protective agents can be given.
(1) sucralfate: Sucralfate containing 8 sulfate radicals can dissociate sucrose sulfate complex ions in acidic environment, and the complex ions can be polymerized into insoluble negatively charged colloid, which can combine with positively charged protein exudate in ulcer or inflammation to form a protective film covering the lesion surface, preventing further invasion of gastric acid, pepsin and other damaging factors and promoting the healing of damaged mucosa. Sucralfate can also adsorb pepsin, neutralize gastric acid and bile acid, promote the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandin E, adsorb epidermal growth factor, and concentrate it when ulcer or inflammation occurs, which is beneficial to mucosal regeneration.
Usage and precautions: sucralfate 1g, 3-4 times a day, before meals 1 hour and before going to bed on an empty stomach. The common adverse reaction is constipation, and some patients may have dry mouth, nausea, rash and stomach cramps. Continuous application should not exceed 8 weeks. Long-term high-dose administration may cause phosphorus deficiency in body fluids, so patients with hypophosphatemia such as hyperthyroidism and rickets should not take it for a long time. Multi-enzyme tablets and pancreatin are complexed with pepsin to reduce their curative effect, so they are not suitable for combination.
(2) Bismuth: a diffusive protective layer is formed in the gastric acid environment, covering the mucosal surface, isolating the ulcerated surface and ulcer focus from gastric acid and pepsin, protecting the damaged mucosal tissue and promoting the repair and healing of the damaged mucosal tissue; Reduce pepsin activity and increase mucin secretion; It can stimulate the production of endogenous prostaglandin and epidermal growth factor, accelerate the healing of lateral surface and the disappearance of inflammation, and has a certain hemostatic effect. It can kill helicobacter pylori.