1. government entrusted management mode: the government entrusts the operation and management of sports venues to professional sports venue management companies or organizations. The management company is responsible for the operation and management of venues, including event planning, venue leasing and equipment maintenance, while the government is still responsible for supervision and policy guidance. This model can improve the degree of specialization and operational efficiency of venues.

2. Social capital cooperation mode: In this mode, the government and social capital cooperate to jointly build and operate stadiums. Social capital can provide funds and experience and play an important role in management. The government provides land resources, policy support and supervision. This mode is common in the construction of commercial stadiums or multifunctional sports cultural complexes.

3. Community self-management mode: In some small communities or urban areas, the management and operation of sports venues are undertaken by local community organizations or non-profit organizations. This model emphasizes grass-roots autonomy and community participation, and through the active participation of community residents, the venue resources are jointly managed and utilized to meet the sports needs of the community.