(1) observation material a picture, the figure in the picture is Confucius, he is the founder of Confucianism. In education, Confucius founded private schools, which broke the monopoly of aristocrats and monarchies on education, advocated "teaching without distinction", attached importance to moral education and cultural knowledge education, discovered and summarized many educational laws, and put forward a series of teaching principles and methods.

(2) From the second material, "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't be bent, which is called a gentleman", we can know that this passage was said by Mencius, who advocated "benevolent government" and put forward that the people are more valuable than the monarch and opposed all unjust wars.

So the answer is:

1 Confucius; Confucian school; The establishment of private schools broke the monopoly of the nobility and the royal family on education, and advocated "teaching without distinction"; Pay attention to moral education and cultural knowledge education, discover and summarize many educational laws, and put forward a series of teaching principles and methods.

② Mencius; Advocacy: implementing "benevolent government"; Put forward the idea that the people are more expensive than the monarch; Oppose all unjust wars.