1, Confucius advocated rule by courtesy and opposed the rule of law. The meaning of ceremony is very extensive in ancient times, which refers to the etiquette of international communication, the coronation, wedding and funeral, sacrifice and dinner of nobles, including political system and moral norms.

2. Confucius advocated self-denial.

3. In education, Confucius advocated the spirit of "teaching without distinction", "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "never tire of learning and never tire of teaching". ?

In moral character, he advocates "forbearance, shame, faith, sensitivity, kindness, softness, kindness, courtesy, frugality and tolerance".

Second, Lao Tzu

1. Ideologically, Lao Tzu advocates "doing nothing", Lao Tzu advocates "not Shang Xian" and "making people ignorant and have no desire", and envisions that people should return to a state of doing nothing without contradiction. Laozi advocates "inaction", advocates letting nature take its course, conforms to heaven, and denies theism.

2. Politically, Laozi advocates teaching by doing nothing and teaching without words. Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet.

Extended data:

Background:

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the society was in a period of great change and turmoil, and the vassal states were all rich countries, Qiang Bing, which recruited talents. Economically, the popularization of ironware in Niu Geng has improved productivity and provided material conditions for social and economic development. Astronomy, medicine and other science and technology have made great progress.

Culturally, private schools have sprung up, forming many scholars and schools. This is why a hundred schools of thought contend. The theory of letting a hundred schools of thought contend has a far-reaching influence on later generations in the political, ideological and cultural fields.

Scholars or thinkers representing all classes, strata and political forces all try to explain or put forward opinions on the universe and society according to the interests and requirements of their own classes (strata) or groups. They wrote books, shouted at disciples and heckled each other, so there was a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend" in the ideological field.

The emergence of "a hundred schools of thought contend" is the reflection of the above social and class relations in China's ancient ideological system. The emergence of this "hundred schools of thought contend" has its special historical environment.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period, various vassal states successively carried out political reforms. These are the processes in which the emerging landlord class used the power of political power to change the production relations of slavery and establish a new social order, thus completing feudalism.

Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius

Baidu encyclopedia-Laozi