1. What are the three stages of the emergence and development of pedagogy? Germination stage; Formation stage; Stage 2 of science education. What are the basic characteristics of ancient school education? (1) Gradation, (2) Unproduction, (3) Specialization, (4) The educational content has obvious differentiation and knowledge tendency, (3) What are the basic characteristics of modern school education? Productive; Popularization; Systematization; Dual track system. What are the basic characteristics of the development of modern school education? (1) contact with the universality and directness of society, (2) openness, trapezoid and flexibility of school system, (3) modernization of education, (4) democratization of education, (5) unity of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and (5) dialectical relationship between productivity and education: (1) The restrictive effect of productivity on education is mainly manifested in: The development level of productive forces determines and restricts the scale and speed of educational development; The development level of productive forces also determines the educational purpose and part of educational content; It also restricts the educational methods, means, facilities and forms; (2) The promotion of education to productivity is mainly manifested in the following aspects: education is an important condition for labor reproduction; Education is the bridge and key to realize the socialization of scientific knowledge and transform modern science and technology from possible productivity to practical productivity; Education is also an important means to realize the reproduction of scientific knowledge and the renewal of production technology. 6. Dialectical relationship between politics and education: The restrictive role of politics and education is reflected in the following aspects (1): affecting the formulation of educational goals (2) the formation and change of educational system (3) the financial situation of education (4) the right to education. Education has a political function and has a certain reaction to politics, mainly in two aspects: affecting social and political continuity and promoting social and political life. 7. What is the main influence of population on education? (1) Population influences the formulation and realization of strategic objectives and strategic priorities of education development; (2) The population structure and its distribution affect the educational structure and school layout. (3) The number of school-age population affects the scale of education and the use of funds. 8. What are the specific aspects of the impact of education on population? Education has the function of controlling population growth; Education can improve the quality of population; Education has the function of rationalizing the population structure. 9. What kind of work does childhood education need to do? Pay attention to cultivating study habits and learning ability; Caring for children's health; Pay attention to enhancing hands-on ability; Pay special attention to learning attitude 10. What should we pay attention to in adolescent education? Pay attention to adolescent education; Enrich spiritual life; Encourage independent judgment and independent thinking 1 1. What three aspects should we pay attention to in youth education? (1) Learn to correctly understand and handle the relationship between self and secret society (2) Establish a sense of professionalism and responsibility, improve the quality of social occupation and the awareness and ability to engage in creative activities (3) Correctly handle friendship, love and marriage (12) What are the conditions for school education to play a leading role? Conform to the direction of social development and reflect the requirements of social development; Effectively coordinate other educational influences; Conform to the law of physical and mental development of educational objects; Create a suitable cultural environment for the zoo and organize various colorful and interesting educational activities; Pay attention to the cultivation of self-education ability and self-control ability. 13, the concrete embodiment of the important role of educational purpose: (1) controlling the development direction and expected results of educational objects (2) guiding and dominating the whole process of educational activities (3) evaluating and testing the quality of education (14), what is the current educational policy in China? Education must serve socialist modernization and be combined with productive labor to cultivate builders and successors of socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique. 15. What are the goals of the three levels of "all-round personal development"? (1) Under the capitalist system, make up for the defects caused by the old-style division of labor and reduce the physical and intellectual damage caused by capital to laborers, especially child laborers. (2) In the socialist society in the transitional stage of capitalism and communism, gradually eliminating private ownership, eliminating the old division of labor and promoting social development are getting closer to the ideal goal of "all-round personal development". (3) Going to communism. To achieve the final solution of the contradiction between man and nature and between man and society, the concept of "all-round development of man" and the reality of "all-round development of man" are completely consistent. 16, the difference and connection between all-round development education and "individual all-round development". Difference: (1) The all-round development of education is from the perspective of pedagogy, while the "all-round development of individuals" is from the perspective of philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. (2) They belong to different categories. "All-round development of individuals" is actually the ultimate goal linked with the communist ideal, and all-round development education is only realized in the basic components shared by the educated. To realize "individual's all-round development", just like realizing the communist ideal, we must have all kinds of suitable conditions at the same time, and all-round development education can only be realized through school education. Connection: (1) takes the study of human development as the basic task. (2) Education is an important factor that affects human development after all. (3) The theory of "individual all-round development" is a world outlook and methodological weapon to guide the all-round development of education, which has important theoretical guiding significance for us to formulate educational goals, educational policies and regulations and carry out educational reform. 17. What are the basic characteristics of quality education? Subjectivity, integrity, comprehensiveness, long-term, openness, times and effectiveness. 18. Operation mechanism of quality education: (1) Pay attention to ideological guidance, establish a dynamic mechanism for implementing quality education; (2) Reform testing and evaluation, establish a guiding mechanism for implementing quality education; (3) Do a good job in daily management, establish a restraint mechanism for implementing quality education; (4) Increase investment in education according to law, and establish a guarantee mechanism for implementing quality education (19) Among these four basic points, * cognitive stop points solve learning problems, * emotional excitation points solve learning problems, * thinking points solve learning problems, and * spiritual communication points solve learning problems. Meaningful learning is an important way to improve the quality and benefit of classroom teaching and a powerful measure to effectively implement quality education. 20. The embodiment of quality education in classroom teaching: (1) Pay close attention to the weak links and strive to improve the quality of education in an all-round way; (2) Establish new classroom interpersonal relationships and enhance psychological integration; (3) Strengthen the guidance of learning methods and cultivate self-study ability; (4) Fully tap the potential and pay attention to the cultivation of innovative consciousness and creativity. 2 1. What teaching principles should be followed in classroom quality education? (1) teaching in an all-round way, integrating and optimizing (2) paying attention to individuality and encouraging innovation (3) goal-oriented, situational edification (4) hands-on thinking and harmonious development (5) teacher-student interaction (6) paying attention to learning methods and improving teaching methods. 22. Implementing classroom teaching strategies for quality education: (1) Speaking exquisitely and pertinently. Creator and disseminator of knowledge; Representatives of society and practitioners of social morality. What are the specific aspects of teachers' educational role for students? The giver of knowledge; Managers of classroom discipline; The leader of the class collective; Defenders of mental health; Parent agent 25. What are the characteristics of teachers' work? Complexity of labor object; Subjectivity of labor means; Creativity of labor process; Individualization of labor mode; What are the special requirements for teachers' professional ethics? Loyal to the people's education; Love students; Set an example and be a teacher; Unity and cooperation. What are the five pairs of contradictions in the physical and mental development of middle school students? The contradiction between subjective mature experience and objective relative immaturity; The contradiction between independence and dependence; The contradiction between strong activity and ability development; The contradiction between strong thirst for knowledge and low recognition ability; The contradiction between the germination and maturity of sexual consciousness and the weakness of moral and legal concepts 28. What is the significance of the school education system? The school education system, as the strictest and most effective organization for the country to educate the younger generation, embodies the spiritual essence of the whole education system. Whether the school education system is formulated correctly or not is directly related to the realization of educational goals, the progress of education and teaching, and the development of education, thus having an important impact on the consolidation of the political and economic system, the improvement of productivity, and the physical and mental development of children. 29. What are the main features of the China 195 1 year school system? (1) clearly and fully guaranteed the educational opportunities of the people of the whole country, especially the cadres of workers and peasants, and highlighted the policy of "education serves national construction and schools are open to workers and peasants"; (2) The new academic system has established the status of various technical schools and specialized schools, ensured the cultivation of various talents, and embodied the policy that education serves production and construction; (3) Ensure that all intellectuals and elderly intellectuals have the opportunity to receive revolutionary political education; (3) 30. What is the fundamental task of moral education in primary and secondary schools in China? Educate students with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the Theory of Building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, put firm and correct political direction in the first place, and cultivate new socialist people with ideals, morality, education and discipline, including the following five aspects: (1) cultivate students' correct political direction; (2) Guide students to gradually establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life; (3) gradually form the basic socialist moral quality and behavior habits; (4) Cultivating students' ability of self-education; (5) Cultivate students' good personality and psychological quality. 3 1. What basic principles should be followed in moral education in schools in China: the principle of combining directionality with reality; Principle of unity of knowledge and action; The principle of combining positive education with discipline; The principle of combining strict requirements with respect and understanding; The principle of combining collective education with individual education; The principle of combining education with self-education; The principle of combining the unity and flexibility of education; Principles of consistency and coherence of educational influence. 32. How should teachers guide students to educate themselves? (1) Standards for guiding students to master cultivation (2) Self-evaluation (3) Moral and emotional experience (4) Exercising moral character in social practice. 33. What is the task of primary and secondary school teaching? Learn systematic basic knowledge of culture and science and master basic skills; Develop intelligence, physical strength and creativity; Teach students to learn and cultivate self-study ability; What are the basic requirements for cultivating students' non-intelligence factors? The teaching content should be scientific; Teaching should be systematic, coherent and logical, with clear levels, highlighting key points and difficulties; The professor's language should be organized, concise, inspiring, vivid and harmonious in pronunciation and intonation; Appropriate use of blackboard writing and body language to strengthen teaching effect. 37. What is the basis for choosing and using teaching methods? Choose according to the teaching purpose and task; Choose according to the characteristics of disciplines and textbooks; Choose according to students' age characteristics and knowledge level; Choose according to the objective conditions of the school; According to teachers' professional level, practical experience and personality characteristics. 38. What are the characteristics of the class teaching system? Taking "class" as the basic unit of teaching work can expand the object of education and improve teaching efficiency; It is beneficial to give play to the leading role of teachers and make them teach in a planned and systematic way; It is convenient for students to observe, inspire, help and promote each other; Can give full play to the educational role of the class collective, which is conducive to the cultivation of collectivism spirit; It can ensure the normal teaching routine and is conducive to the completion of teaching tasks; It is beneficial to students' physical and mental health. Due to the superiority of class teaching system, class teaching system has become the basic organizational form of teaching since it came into being. 39. How to prepare lessons? Do three things well: prepare teaching materials; Prepare students; Prepare teaching methods. Write the teaching progress plan for three planned academic years or semesters; Unit teaching plan; Lesson plan (lesson plan) 40. What is the standard of a good class? Clear teaching objectives and good task completion; The teaching content is correct and substantial. Grasp the key points, difficulties and keys; Appropriate teaching methods, teachers are good at "inspiring" and "guiding"; Language specification, neat blackboard writing; The teaching process is well organized and compact; Both teachers and students are highly motivated. 4 1. What are the common teaching modes in primary and secondary schools? Transmission-acceptance, guidance-discovery, guidance-self-study, situation-edification 42. What are the requirements for the use of the practice method? Practice should have clear purpose requirements; Select exercise materials to make them typical; Help students master the correct practice methods and reasonably allocate the amount, times and time of practice; In the process of practice, we should strengthen guidance and often check the results of practice. 43, a sign of good class collective formation? (1) The whole class has a common goal (2) a united leadership core (3) a correct political direction and collective public opinion. 44. The main contents of a class teacher's work are: (1) ideological and moral education for students; (2) Guide students to learn their lessons well; (3) organizing extracurricular activities to guide their extracurricular life; (4) Organizing students' work; (5) To guide the team meeting and coordinate the educational strength inside and outside the class; (6) handling the daily work of the class; (7) Do well the entrance education and graduation education of students; (8) Do a good job as a class teacher. Basic formation stage; Consolidate the development stage 46. The main methods of class collective construction are: (1) investigating students and studying the class situation; (2) Put forward the goal and organize common activities; (3) cultivate a good class atmosphere; (4) Cultivate and discover class backbones to form a collective core; (5) Establish a new interpersonal relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance. 47. Several types of class collective management: conventional class collective management; Class collective management by stages; Collective management of graduating class. 48. The contents of collective management of graduating classes: mastering students' wishes and ideological trends, and conducting ideal education and graduation guidance; Guide students to review their lessons, meet the exam and care about their health; Do a good job in identifying graduates and selecting outstanding students. 49. The content of phased management: preparation before school starts; Report for school; Intermediate inspection and summary of the previous stage; Organize students to review and take exams at the end of the term. 50. Characteristics of extracurricular education: voluntary organizations; The extensiveness of content; Autonomy of activities; Various forms 5 1, the basic requirements of extracurricular education: clear purpose and careful planning; Knowledge and interest; Give full play to students' autonomy and creativity; For all; Make full use of local conditions. 52. Three organizational forms of extracurricular education: mass activities; Group activities; Personal activities. Guiding principle of extracurricular activities: voluntary principle: (1) Give full consideration to students' wishes and let students choose and participate voluntarily; (2) Teachers should actively encourage correct guidance; Principle of autonomy: (1) Let students give full play to their main role and participate in activities independently; (2) Give full play to the leading role of teachers; Meet the age characteristics and personality differences of students: 54. The meaning of principal responsibility system: the principal is the administrative head of the school, with human rights, financial rights and administrative decision-making power, responsible for leading education, teaching and administrative management, and responsible to the party and government leading departments at higher levels. He represents the school and is the legal representative. The Party branch is the political work center of the school and plays a supervisory role in ensuring the implementation of the Party's principles and policies. Teachers' congresses and school committees exercise democratic management and supervision over schools. 55. The main methods of school management are: ideological education method, administrative method, economic method, legal method and modern technology method. 56. Teachers' responsibilities: they are responsibilities within the scope of teachers' functions and powers. The basic duties of teachers are: (1) to teach homework well and improve teaching quality; (2) Ideological and moral education for students; (3) promoting students' health; (4) Organizing students' extracurricular activities and coordinating the relationship between school and society and family; (six) to carry out education and teaching research and participate in school management. 57. What modern educational concepts should be established in the current transformation of educational concepts? The concept of quality education; Modern talent view; Correct educational values; Scientific view of students; Modern curriculum view; Educational democratization thought; Concept of educational essence; The concept of lifelong education; Great education concept; The concept of education for all; Modern educational method view; Education informatization, etc. 58. The tasks of basic education reform are: (1) to change the educational concept and further correct the guiding ideology of learning; (2) Explore the operating mechanism of fully realizing the training goal of basic education; (3) Reform the educational system, infiltrate or introduce vocational and technical education, and fully realize the "double tasks". (4) Reform the curriculum, and establish a curriculum textbook system with the overall improvement of students' quality as the central content. (5) Reduce the burden of students' schoolwork and make students learn lively. 59. The trend of school management reform is: (1) school management autonomy. (2) the openness of school management. 60. What are the characteristics of educational research? In addition to the common characteristics of creativity and arduousness in scientific research, there are the following main characteristics: (1) practicality, application and service of research purpose; (2) The universality and mass of research participants; (3) the lag and long-term effect of the research results; And (6) 1. What are the tasks of education and scientific research? The basic task of educational scientific research is to explore, understand and discover educational laws, and use this frank and objective law to guide educational practice. Specific tasks include: (1) studying the development of contemporary education and guiding current educational practice; (2) Summing up educational experience and promoting the construction of educational disciplines; (3) Comparative study of Chinese and foreign education; (4) Predict the future development trend of education. 62. What are the specific aspects of adhering to the scientific attitude and observing scientific ethics? Love the truth, be objective and honest; Be innovative and serious; Not afraid of hardship, cooperation and competition. What should be done in the process of educational research? (1) Select scientific research topics (2) Put forward theoretical assumptions (3) Determine scientific research objects (4) Formulate scientific research plans (5) Select scientific research methods (6) Collect scientific research materials (7) Organize research work 64. What is the role of educational measurement? It is a good tool to improve teaching; It is an important means of educational management; It is an important method of educational research. 65. What is the role of education evaluation? A measuring function, a diagnostic excitation function, a guiding function, and a guiding function 66. Principles of educational evaluation: directionality, scientificity, democracy, motivation, feasibility and integrity. What are the general aspects of education evaluation: evaluation of school learning, evaluation of moral education, evaluation of teaching, evaluation of teachers and evaluation of students. What principles must be followed in the choice of educational modernization model? (1) Goal-oriented principle (2) Adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and emancipating the mind (3) Adhere to the principle of relative balance and coordinated development (4) Adhere to the optimization principle of complementary advantages and creating characteristics (5) Adhere to the principle of feasibility. 69. The strategic guiding ideology of China's educational modernization development is: (1) giving priority to the development of education; (2) Adhering to the Party's leadership and socialist orientation; (3) Serving economic construction and promoting all-round social progress; (four) adhere to the reform and opening up, develop and improve the socialist education system; (five) fully implement the education policy of the party and the state, follow the laws of education, and comprehensively improve the quality of education; (6) Relying on *. 70. How to carry out classroom research? (1) Specific methods for determining class sampling (2) Proposing corresponding classroom research hypotheses; (3) Ask three variables in the classroom research; (4) Do a good job in classroom research design.