This educational concept is based on the principle of "guidance first" and has three typical characteristics: "teaching" focuses on guidance, description and explanation, and teachers actively exist; Based on the "learning" of copying, reproducing and accepting meaning, students passively exist; Based on the meaning of system, goal and knowledge, the "environment" situation is vague.

The guiding teaching principle ignores the problem of creating learning environment. The actual situation shows that when the knowledge content is more abstract and out of context, the application of thinking strategies and learning strategies will be less. The "learned" knowledge is essentially a kind of book knowledge, a kind of metaphysical knowledge, and a kind of knowledge that has nothing to do with practical problems but focuses on storing memories. According to the constructivism teaching theory, the construction of this knowledge base is mainly about the construction of knowledge value orientation, the construction of knowledge ranking framework and the construction of problem solving scheme. Most importantly, the purpose of construction is application and knowledge transfer. As Professor Dubs, a famous German professional education expert, pointed out: If vocational ability is expressed as a "catalogue" of ability regardless of the situation, then the transfer of knowledge does not exist.

Second, the principle of giving priority to construction

This educational concept is based on the principle of "construction first" and has three typical characteristics: action-based learning, generation and construction significance, and students' active existence; Based on the "teaching" of support, encouragement and consultation, the professor's reaction exists; Based on the "context" of the whole, process and practical significance, the context is real.

Obviously, the educational concept of constructivism is conducive to action-oriented teaching and the cultivation of action ability. This is because the educational philosophy of constructivism has achieved four innovations.

(1) Innovation of teaching concept.

(2) Innovation of teaching culture.

(3) Innovation of teaching institutions.

(4) Innovation of teaching role.

Third, the principle of combining guidance with construction.

Integrate the learning environment of content center and situation center, and integrate the teaching principles of guidance priority and construction priority.

What needs to be emphasized here is that the so-called "constructive existence" of the situation here means that the learning situation is flexible and integrated, and it is a more universal learning situation constructed by processing the actual professional situation and life situation, which is a kind of "reality". In the teaching practice of cultivating engineering development talents, the principle of integrated teaching is often used. But this is not absolute, it is also applicable to the cultivation of skilled and technical talents.

Since 1980s, there have been many models based on construction, the goal of which is to emphasize the situational nature of learning and the connection between learning and application, and to realize the integration of construction and guidance. The three most representative constructivism teaching theories are: cognitive apprenticeship theory, cognitive flexibility theory and anchored teaching theory. These three theories all take into account the strict requirements of knowledge construction on learning environment.

Fourthly, the construction of learning situation based on teaching principles.

In order to follow the teaching principle of combining construction priority with guidance priority, implement courses in a systematic working process and adopt the methods of "learning for action" and "learning by action", the hardware construction of vocational colleges must also highlight the characteristics of vocational education.

China's vocational education is in the process of changing from "school mode" to "school-enterprise cooperation mode". Germany's "dual system" model, as an "enterprise-centered education adjustment model", is a model that can be used for reference.