In order to ensure the quality of teaching, Henan Opera classes all over the country compete to hire famous teachers, such as Ji of Gaoya class, Zhang Shouxiang, Cai Ziqing, Fu Lanchun and Liu Rongtai of Baimiao class, but the most famous one is Sun Yande of Jitianxing class in Qinghe, fengqiu county.
Sun Yande, 1865, a native of Shaozhai Village, fengqiu county. When Sun Yande was a child, his family was very poor. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he fled to the east of the Yellow River with his father and entered a lying class to learn art. He was both a student and a student.
He is very talented and diligent, and will soon emerge. He will be able to perform on stage in half a year. Although his voice is not childish, it is clear and beautiful, and it is a blockbuster.
After three years' completion, Sun Yande sang another year's primary school drama, which has become a minor celebrity. So he signed up for a class in Gongxing Class in Xiangfu County and toured Henan Opera in nearby counties.
He looks handsome, his voice is sweet, his mouth is crisp and smart, he walks gracefully, his singing is crisp and sweet, and his pearls are round and smooth, which is very popular with the audience, and he has been nicknamed "white crispy melon" and "cabbage heart". There is a saying among the people that "if you kill a mule and sell a horse, you will meet a crispy melon with white fragrance" and "if you want to hear it, listen to the bangzi song, and if you want to see it, watch the cabbage heart".
1883 During the Spring Festival, Sun Yande was invited to return to his hometown in fengqiu county and sang Henan Opera in the county government troupe, which caused a sensation in the county. The Mongolian county magistrate handed it to me personally, and after repeated sincere retention, he was transferred to the county government troupe. 1895, Sun Yande was invited to attend classes at Maojia Opera Troupe in Changyuan County. People who wrote scripts and invited performances followed, and the value of Maojia Opera Troupe increased greatly.
Sun Yande is brilliant, well-read and memorable. He is proficient in Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, Beijing Opera blues and Wu Wen Xiao Sheng, and can also play a clean actor. He is a rare generalist. After the age of 30, Sun Yande specialized in Beijing opera blues and kept improving.
Sun Yande learned from others, integrated various factions, concentrated on practicing and practiced on the stage for a long time. He innovated in inheritance and developed constantly in innovation, formed a set of skills with his own distinctive style, made a new way of performance in Beijing Opera Blues, and made great contributions to the development of Henan Opera.
Sun Yande's singing is mellow and meaningful, his performance is vigorous and free, his martial arts is superb, and he combines rigidity and softness. It can be said that he has both form and spirit, just right.
Sun Yande not only plays a wide range, but also knows a lot of plays. There are more than 360 plays that can recite lines from all corners of the play. Often performed are sitting on the floor, drawing beautiful women, persuading husbands, golden pots, giving pearls in the garden, Tianmen array, firing muskets, taking Yongzhou, Bai Lianhua and so on. No matter where I attend classes or perform, I have never met a role that Sun Yande can't play.
Maybe he is too tired. 1905, when Sun Yande was 40 years old, her voice suddenly broke and she had to leave her beloved stage. After the news came out that Sun Yande could no longer perform on stage, theater managers all over the country competed to hire him as a teacher. As a result, the Qinghe Group in Changqing Xu invited him to be a teacher in Xiao Tianxing's class.
Sun Yande taught six classes in Qinghe Jiwo class. After Xu Laoliu's death, he taught three classes in former Wuxian Wang, and one class in Datun and Banpodian in Huaxian, Blackstone in Yuanyang and Liucun in fengqiu county, with more than 400 students.
According to his own stage experience, Sun Yande teaches students in accordance with their aptitude and tirelessly teaches others. Famous actors such as Li, Shi Qianyun, Wang, Xu Jinfa, Xiao Huobian, Xu, Li Dekui, Chang Jinsheng, Eileen and Yan are all his disciples.
Sun Yande's disciples are everywhere in the theaters in the counties around Kaifeng. Most of the three most famous theaters in Kaifeng, Tianxing, Yicheng and Gongyi, are famous for their names. As a result, the stage of Henan Opera in Kaifeng lacked Sun Yande's students, and even a play could not be assembled.
With the development and prosperity of Henan Opera, Sun Yande's disciples and re-disciples are all over Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Gansu, Hubei and other places, and most of them have become protagonists and backbones. It can be said that Sun Yande has made great contributions to the development and prosperity of Henan Opera.
By the end of 1920s and the beginning of 1930s, four theaters, Yong 'an, Le Tong, Yongle and Guo Min, had been established in Suoguo Temple in Kaifeng, and Henan opera actors from all over the world gathered in Kaifeng, which was very popular.
1927, Kaifeng opened a Henan entertainment training class to examine the scripts, and hundreds of actors received the education of "educating from a high platform" and "serving the society", which was called "the first sound of Henan Bangzi reform" by famous artists.
However, at this time, the two major tune systems of Henan Opera "East Henan Tune" and "West Henan Tune" are still "each playing his own horn and singing his own tune". The crossbeam, "Eastern Henan Tune" and "Western Henan Tune" cleared the door and began to communicate with each other, learn from each other, learn from each other's strong points, and achieve mastery through a comprehensive study.
Later, Sun Yande accepted female disciples such as Chen Suzhen and Sun Lanfang, which enabled his skills to spread, develop and improve. Among them, Chen Suzhen was only 8 years old when he was an apprentice.
There has never been Kunqu Opera in Henan Opera, and girls are not allowed to go on stage. However, Chen Suzhen made up his mind to study opera, broke through the family and secular prejudice, and finally got his wish.
Eight-year-old Chen Suzhen cherishes this hard-won opportunity. Chen Suzhen studies drama very hard. She is not lazy, greedy or playful, honest and obedient, and seriously studies drama with her teacher. She learns drama at an amazing speed, and the most difficult thing is not more than three times. Ordinary words can be learned once.
1928, Chen Suzhen made her debut on the Le Tong stage of Suoguo Temple in Kaifeng, where she staged The Sun and the Moon. She was only 10 years old at that time. Although the pioneering work of Kunqu Opera on the stage of Henan Opera for the first time caused a sensation in Kaifeng, their performances failed to arouse people's interest. Since then, she hasn't been around the corner for a long time.
1930 in late spring, Chen Suzhen followed her stepfather in the troupe of Liu Jinting, a famous actor in Qixian County, which also provided her with an opportunity to practice her voice. In this way, she shouted in the morning, sang during the day and sang at night. More than a year has passed, and her small cavity, like a mosquito humming, has become a golden bell and a beautiful melody. The more you sing, the better you listen.
During this year, Chen Suzhen practiced his voice and performance. In the performance, the mirror, the moon and the sun became her assistants to practice the performance. Since she was a child, she likes to look in the mirror, make various expressions in front of it, admire herself and revel in it. She also likes to look at her own shadow. No matter how big the sun is, as long as there is a shadow, she will look at the shadow, walk around with lively gesticulations, put on airs and look brilliant.
After arriving in Qixian County, Chen Suzhen still maintained this habit and paid more attention to the word "beauty". She often looks at her expression and movements in the mirror, and repeatedly observes whether her face looks good or not, and whether it conforms to the mood of the characters. Through hard work, she has made great progress in performance.
Chen Suzhen is meticulous about art and strives for perfection, but she never sticks to the rules. Especially in makeup, she made bold reforms and attempts according to her round face, small eyes and shallow eyebrows. Originally, the makeup of Henan opera was very simple, with only two big sideburns connected.
After Chen Suzhen came to Qixian County, he inherited the method of sticking four temples, and carefully pondered how to change it. She plays three plays a day and wears makeup three times, once in the morning, once in the afternoon and once in the evening.
Sometimes she sticks three or more small circles on her forehead, sometimes she sticks a small bangs on her forehead and small circles on both sides, so she sticks them everywhere, and finally finds a new way to stick her temples that no one has seen before, turning her round face into a duck's egg face.
Then, Chen Suzhen began to think about how to deepen his eyebrows. In the past, there were no thrushes in Henan Opera. For the first time, Chen Suzhen boldly blackened his eyebrows with black smoke, and later switched to dry smoke powder, so that the painted eyebrows were not only black, but also very elastic and fairy.
As for how to make eyes bigger, Chen Suzhen failed to come up with a good solution for a long time. Once, when she was wiping her eyebrows, a small piece of dry ash accidentally fell on her eyelids. In desperation, she conveniently wiped the black soot on her eyelids and eyelashes. When she finished wiping and opened her eyes, they became bigger and looked refreshed. Chen Suzhen was overjoyed.
With her own hands, she experienced repeated failures and tempering without reference and imitation, which made her stage image shine and created a new situation of makeup in Henan opera.
Chen Suzhen also made great efforts in the innovation of Henan Opera singing. At that time, Chen Suzhen gradually became popular in Qixian County, and she picked up all the big-axis dramas. She threw herself into the play. In order to sing this very warm play well, she thought hard, sang during the day and hummed in her dreams, and finally created a set of satisfactory new songs. During the performance, singing a sentence and winning the lottery once simply brought a dead play to life.
The success of "The Three Upper Corners" enhanced Chen Suzhen's confidence, so she pondered over a dozen plays she often performed, improved the traditional singing and innovated the singing, thus enriching and developing the singing of Henan Opera.
During his four years in Qixian, Chen Suzhen rose from failure, developed a good voice with tenacious perseverance and a hundred times of hardships, and greatly improved his reputation with his bold innovations in singing, performance and makeup.
1934, Chen Suzhen returned to Kaifeng with the deep friendship of Qixian audience. When she returned to Kaifeng to perform her first play, she resolutely chose Anti-Chang 'an, which had been badly sung in Kaifeng. She was innovative in singing, boldly used the adagio pentatonic scale that no one dared to sing in Kaifeng, and won a full house of applause.
Then, the Western Expedition, Mu Dong Expedition, Yao Gang's Southern Expedition, Northern Expedition, Princess Shuang Yan, Dunsongguan and Big Sacrifice Piles were staged. Chen Suzhen, who was only 16 years old, was praised as "Mei Lanfang" by the audience.
After Chen Suzhen became famous, he still did not stop pursuing art. She is modest and eager to learn, learning from others. After singing Red Kaifeng, she was lucky enough to meet Fan Shiting, a reformer of Henan Opera.
According to the conditions, Fan created seven new dramas, including Ling, Yi Lie Feng, Three Kisses, Liu, Xiao Geng Hate, Removing Shame and Blood, and Ligustrum lucidum Flower, which made her artistic level advance by leaps and bounds and once again enjoyed the reputation of "Queen of Henan Opera" and "King of Henan Opera".
During this period, Chen Suzhen often watched Peking Opera performances, learned from them, pondered and processed them, and created sleeves, fans and braids of Henan Opera, which made Henan Opera climb to a new level.