1, Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (103 1 year-1095), a native of Qiantang County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, was a politician and scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Shen Kuo was born into an official family and traveled around with his father in his childhood. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), he was a scholar, and was named Yangzhou secretariat to join the army. In Song Shenzong, he participated in the Xining political reform and was highly valued by Wang Anshi. He has served as Prince Zhongyun, torture room, supervisor of the Ministry of Heaven, review of the history museum and three ambassadors.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he started his career in Yanzhou, served as a road show ambassador, and was stationed in the border to fight against Xixia. Later, he was demoted for participating in the battle of Yongle City. In his later years, he moved to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and lived in seclusion in Meng Xi Park. Born two years less (1095), died of illness at the age of 65.
Shen Kuo devoted himself to scientific research all his life, and had profound attainments and outstanding achievements in many disciplines. He is known as "the most outstanding figure in the whole history of science in China".
His masterpiece Meng Qian Bi Tan is rich in content and a great achievement of predecessors. It plays an important role in the world cultural history and is called "a milestone in the history of science in China".
2. Su Song
Su Song (1020 65438+February10-165438+June 18) was born in Tongan County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province (now Tongan District, Xiamen City) and moved to Danyang, Runzhou. Prime Minister in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, an outstanding astronomer, astronomical machinery manufacturer and pharmacologist, son of Su Shen, was written in Jixian Hall.
Su Song was born in a famous family in southern Fujian, and was admitted to Jinshi in the second year of Li Qing (1042). Ministers and officials of punishments. When Song Zhezong visited relatives. When he is in power, he ensures that all officials obey the law and appoint them according to their abilities.
When he entered the Prince Taibao, he was tired of sealing Zhao Wei. Jianzhong died in Jing (1 10 1) at the age of 82, and was posthumously awarded. After chasing Wei Guogong. In Song Lizong, he pursued "Jian Zheng".
Su Song is studious, and nine historians say he is. As for algorithms, geography, mountain classics, materia medica, exegesis and temperament, he knows everything. As an outstanding figure in history, his main contribution lies in science and technology, especially medicine and astronomy.
He led the manufacture of the world's oldest astronomical clock "water transport instrument", which opened the precedent of modern clock escapement.
Needham called him "one of the greatest naturalists and scientists in ancient and medieval China". He is the author of Illustrated Materia Medica, New Instruments and Images, and Official Documents of Su and Wei Dynasties.
3. Yan Su
Yan Su (96 1 year-1040), born in Yidu, Qingzhou, settled in Cao County, Shandong Province. Famous scientist, painter and poet in Northern Song Dynasty.
Yan Su, who is lonely, is unique. He was a scholar in Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, and graduated from Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. He is called "Yan".
He is knowledgeable and proficient in astrophysics. He created and invented the compass, the drum in memory, the lotus leak and other instruments. He wrote the theory of tides and drew tidal charts to illustrate the principles of tides. He is the pioneer of literati painting, because he is good at painting with poetry and his artistic conception is superb.
4. Qin
Qin (1208- 1268) was born in Lujun (now Fanxian County, Henan Province), Han nationality. A famous mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty, together with Ye Li, Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie, he was called the Four Masters of Mathematics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
He studies astrology, rhythm, arithmetic, poetry, bows and arrows and creation. He worked as a magistrate and a farmer in Qiongzhou, and was later demoted and died in Meizhou.
1247, he completed the book "Nine Chapters of Number Books", in which the great derivative (the solution of a congruence system problem, now called China residue theorem), the triclinic quadrature and Qin algorithm (the numerical solution of the positive root of a higher-order equation) are important contributions of world significance, and an algorithm for solving the numerical solution of a higher-order polynomial equation with one variable-plus or minus cholesky decomposition is expressed.
5. Yang Hui
Yang Hui (date of birth and death unknown), born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Han nationality, was an outstanding mathematician and mathematics educator in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Life is unknown. He used to be a local administrative officer in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his footprints were all over Suzhou and Hangzhou. He has made great contributions to summarizing agile algorithms such as folk multiplication, division, "superposition", vertical and horizontal diagrams, and mathematics education.
He is the first mathematician in the world to draw a rich vertical and horizontal map and discuss its composition law. He also proved the sagittal formula, which was called "Shu Hui" at that time. Together with Qin, Zhu Shijie, they are called "the four great mathematicians of Song and Yuan Dynasties".
He has written five kinds of mathematical works, 2 1 volume, namely, Detailed Explanation of Algorithms in Chapter 9 12 (12 1), Everyday Algorithms 2 (1262) and Multiplication, Division and Change 3 (.
"The Algorithm of Discovering Odds from the Ancient" (in which the detailed explanation and daily algorithm are not finished) consists of two volumes (1275) and two volumes (1275). The latter three are collectively called Yang Hui algorithm. Korea, Japan and other countries have published translations and spread them all over the world.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shen Kuo
Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Song
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yan Su
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yang Hui
Baidu encyclopedia-Qin