Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Bohai Rim urban agglomeration and Northeast urban agglomeration are the four major urban agglomerations in China. The educational development of the four major urban agglomerations has the following characteristics:

(1) Higher education is quite developed. 1990, there were 893 universities in the four metropolitan areas, accounting for 83.07% of the total number of universities in China. With the popularization and localization of higher education in China, this proportion dropped to 79.06% in 2003. 1990, the number of college students in the four metropolitan areas was 1737400, accounting for 84.23% of the whole country; In 2003, the number of students was 8.7788 million, still as high as 79. 19%. The educational advantages of the four major urban agglomerations focus on the cultivation of high-level talents. In 2003, the number of graduate students in the four major urban agglomerations reached 542,390, accounting for 83.28% of the national total. According to the data of China's education development in 2004, the scale of general higher education and adult higher education reached 20 million, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 19%. The gross enrollment rate of higher education in Beijing and Shanghai has reached more than 50%, and it has entered the stage of popularization. According to statistics, in 2003, the scale of higher education in Jiangsu, Shandong and Hubei provinces exceeded 1 10,000, and that in Beijing, Hebei, Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan provinces exceeded 800,000. Except Hubei, the other six provinces and cities were all within the four metropolitan areas. The economic structure of the four metropolitan areas is reasonable and the employment environment is relatively relaxed, which is not only an important base for the training of higher education talents, but also an important market for the employment of high-level talents. Bohai Rim is the birthplace of modern higher education in China and the most developed area of higher education in China. From 1990 to 2003, the proportion of colleges and universities in this area has remained above 27%, accounting for more than a quarter of the country; With the popularization of higher education in China, higher education presents a trend of localization and equalization. The number of college students in this area decreased slightly, accounting for 26.98% of the whole country in 2003. At the same time, its ability to cultivate high-level talents is increasing. In 2003, the number of graduate students, enrollment and school size in Bohai Rim region accounted for 34. 17%, 32.67% and 32.92% respectively. Nearly 38.50% of doctors in China graduated from the Bohai Rim region. The advantages of Bohai Rim urban agglomeration and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in high-level talent training are very prominent. In 2003, more than 60% of China's doctoral graduates and students were in the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Delta region, of which 38.50% were in the Bohai Sea urban agglomeration and 23.98% were in the Yangtze River Delta region. The doctoral students in the two major urban agglomerations account for 36.57% and 23.55% of the country respectively. In particular, Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin have become the highlands for cultivating and using high-level talents in China. The expansion of the Pan-Pearl River Delta region has included poverty-stricken areas such as Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, as well as underdeveloped Hainan Province. Instead of providing its educational advantages, it has made the imbalance between regions more serious and shouldered a heavy economic and population burden. Whether this is conducive to the development of the Pearl River Delta with Hong Kong and Guangdong as the core, that is, whether the advantages of the Pan-Pearl River Delta are greater than those of the Pearl River Delta, whether it is conducive to in-depth research and whether it can be identified through development.

(II) Abundant human resources The four major urban agglomerations in China cover 2/kloc-0 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, with relatively few natural resources, and the per capita land area is lower than the national average. The four major urban agglomerations include 470 cities, accounting for 71.65% of the total number of cities in China in 2003; The population reached 895.29 million, accounting for 69.28% of the country. The population size is equivalent to three United States, which is 654.38+663 million more than the total population of Europe (excluding Russia) of 728.9 million. 15-64 years old population accounts for 67.68% of the country, and the total human resources account for 77.68% of the country, which is higher than its population size 10 percentage point. Specifically, the population size of the Pan-Pearl River Delta region accounts for 36.7 1% of the whole country, and the total human resources account for 32.50%. The human resources of urban agglomerations around Bohai Sea account for 24.03% of the whole country, 9.86% in the Yangtze River Delta 1 1.29% in the Northeast. The four major urban agglomerations are the fastest growing areas in China, and they have become the propellers of economic growth in China and even the world. The four regions are also the regions with the highest economic level, consumption level, population and cultural level in China, with development potential, vitality and ability.

(3) The cultural quality of the labor force is relatively high. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2000, the per capita educational years of the population over 15 years old was 7.79 years, and the population with college education or above accounted for 5. 15% of the total population. The overall cultural structure of the population is in a low stage, with illiteracy, semi-illiteracy and primary and secondary school culture as the mainstay. The number of high-level talents in megacities continues to be in the leading position. The proportion of people with college education or above in Beijing is 20.3 1%, while that in Shanghai and Tianjin are 14. 16% and1.59% respectively, which is higher than the level of moderately developed countries and has become the "one of the most important factors in the education development of urban agglomerations in China"

(IV) Unbalanced development among urban agglomerations The imbalance of educational development among urban agglomerations in China is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the imbalance of educational development among urban agglomerations; Second, the development of education within urban agglomerations is uneven. The urban agglomeration around Bohai Sea with Beijing and Tianjin as the core is the birthplace of modern education in China, with a leading level of education development. The gap between the education development and the cultural quality of the population among the urban agglomerations in Northeast China is small and highly balanced. Compared with the Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Rim and Northeast urban agglomerations, the education development of Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations started late, the population's cultural quality is not rich, and the gap in high-level talent training is obvious. There are developed areas, underdeveloped areas, backward rural areas and ethnic minority areas in the four major urban agglomerations, and the level of urban education development and the cultural quality of the population generally differ by 20-30 years. Taking the Pearl River Delta as an example, the Pan-Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration has expanded into a "9+2" model, and the population size and economic aggregate have obviously expanded. At the same time, it further exposed the disadvantages of high-level talent training in the Pan-Pearl River Delta region. Under the background of the expansion of higher education in China, the proportion of higher education students in the Pan-Pearl River Delta region showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2003. In 2003, the number of graduates accounted for 16.50%, and the number of students accounted for 17.67%. Among them, doctoral graduates and students only account for 12.38% and 13.38% of the whole country, which is only equivalent to the scale stock of northeast urban agglomerations. Due to historical and cultural reasons, the Pearl River Delta region includes eastern, central and western provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, among which there are five western provinces, and the imbalance between economic development and educational development is prominent.