Pronounce yǐfǐwéI jio.
Interpretation of meaning: use; Teaching: education. Cite legal provisions as educational content.
From "Everything is done wrong": "Therefore, the country is clear, unwritten, and the law is teaching."
The educational system of Qin is legalist. Can "see the official as a teacher"
It means that the content of people's learning knowledge is limited to the imperial edict, that is, the Qin law. What people can only see is the imperial decree. Do what the law tells you to do, and you can't recite it at all.
Implementing policies, strengthening the ideological and legal system and consolidating centralization are the symbols of the Qin Dynasty.
Legalism is a confrontation with ethics, and it is also related to
Take the official as the teacher to match the bridge. When the country was not unified in 16, Qin Xiaogong discussed the essence of Buddhism with Dr. Shang Yang, Dr. Gan Long and Dr. Du Zhi. After Shang Yang mastered the state power of Qin, he emphasized the rule of law instead of the rule of courtesy. so-called
Knowing the practitioners, the wise are more polite (The Book of Shang Jun, More Methods). He also wrote a book saying that those who are loyal to the Lord and the people were born in this world, but they were dispersed to lead their country, and they could not forget the law for a moment (Shang Jun Prudence Law). Also said
Sages will establish officials as the law and officials as the world, hence the name (Shang Jun Shuding Fen). The conclusion is that the country is governed by law (Shang Jun Prudence Law). reach
When Li Si was re-used by the Qin Dynasty, he directly suggested to Qin Shihuang that if you want to learn laws and regulations, you should take officials as teachers (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang). The most important purpose of implementing the official-teacher system in the Qin Dynasty was to create 1 batch.
Love of writing and writing. Since then, the system of officials and teachers has become an important political and educational decision during the reign of Qin Shihuang. The time is 3 104, which is 2 13 BC.
Citing legal provisions as part of education
It not only points to Confucianism, but also points to the contention of a hundred schools of thought, abolishing all private schools established in accordance with the principle of academic freedom during the Warring States period, which is quite sharp in Han Fei's works. If we say,
Han Fei's 1 proposition is only 1 kind of public opinion preparation, but as a government spokesman, Li Si declared that it must be cancelled, and the people should learn from their own private knowledge and build on what is not on it;
When you hear the order, you can discuss it with your own study. When you enter, you don't mean it. When you leave, you will discuss it in the street ... (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang).
The policy of administering religion according to law promulgated by the Qin Dynasty has its profound historical origin. The first is to destroy the six countries, but it does not mean that the world is at peace from now on. Qin Shihuang is at
Captured the famous city, killed Hao Jun, gathered soldiers from all over the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold the front, cast gold for 102 (Jia Yi's new book "Crossing the Qin Dynasty"), and also moved to Xianyang.
Centralized management and control. Because 2 19 1 assassinated the first emperor who traveled eastward to Bolangsha, and 3 1 kloc-0/assassinated the capital Xianyang for the second time, the murderer1was never caught, which made the rulers feel that it had not been implemented.
Severe punishment and harsh laws, such as sitting together, rewarding others, and letting officials and ordinary people 1 know and abide by the law, are not enough to ensure the personal safety of the first emperor and the consolidation of the Qin regime.
Implementation measures
Set up judges
The Emperor of Heaven has three judges, sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight in the palace, sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight in the imperial palace, sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight in the judge's office and sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight in the Prime Minister's office. The governors and counties also set up judges and judges of 1 for them, all of which are comparable to the judges in Qin Dou. (Original: Shang Junshu. "Tian Zi scores", with 3 judges; In the temple, there are 1 judges; It is suggested that there should be 1 judges and officials; Appointment of the Prime Minister 1 Judges. Governors and counties all have 1 judges, all of whom are Qin 1 judges. " )
The person who makes laws and regulations, and makes them simple and heavy, so that people know the specific contents of laws and regulations is an official. He is considered to be the official in charge of laws and regulations. (Original: "
Shang Junshu points out that "it is the law, the official is the pendulum, so simple that those who know what the law means think that the world is right"). The promulgation of 1 law will make it easy to understand, and both fools and wise people can know it. (Original: Shang Junshu. The score is "therefore, the sage must know that it is easy to know, the name is right, and the ignorance can be all-knowing." )
Management law
1 copy of the imperial edict was placed in the emperor's temple, where a 1 forbidden room was built for the imperial edict, which was locked with keys and seals, and a copy of the imperial edict was hidden inside with seals. (Original: Shang Junshu. "Laws are deputy laws, placed in the temple of 1 deputy emperor. They are forbidden rooms by law, with collars and keys, which are sealed for prohibition. They are all hidden in the auxiliary forbidden room of 1 and are banned. " )
Efficient popularization of law
If officials and people ask the officials in charge of the law about the specific contents of the law, the officials in charge of the law must give clear answers according to their questions. And make a 1 coupon, which is 1 6 inch long, and write down the contents of the year, month, day, hour and law. Officials in charge of laws and regulations don't tell them, and when they commit a crime, which happens to be what they ask 1, they will punish officials in charge of laws and regulations according to the crime they ask. When inquiring, the left coupon should be given to the person who inquired about the law, and the official in charge of the law carefully put the right coupon into the affairs box and hid it in room 1 so that the seal of the main seat can be used. Even if the client dies later, we will act according to the voucher. (Original: Shang Junshu. "There is a dispute between the government and the people" ... they are all engaged in vouchers. ”)
Act according to law
Officials and people who want to know the law ask the judge, so there is no one in the world who doesn't know the law. Officials know that the people know the law, so they dare not treat the people by illegal means, and the people dare not offend the judge by breaking the law. If an official fails to deal with it according to laws and regulations, the people can ask the judge, and the judge will inform them of the crimes stipulated by laws and regulations, and the people will tell the official what the judge said. When officials know this, they dare not treat the people illegally, and the people dare not break the law. (Original: Shang Junshu. "If officials and people know the law, they all ask the judge ... and the people dare not break the law." )
Legal goal
Betrayal is certain, and treacherous people can become honest. The people are cautious and devout, so that all the people know what to avoid and what to be close to. How to avoid disaster, be close to happiness and be independent? If a wise monarch manages the country on the basis of people's autonomy, the world will be ruled. (Original: "If the name is divided, it will be a big scam and a giant thief will be embarrassed"; "With the knowledge of Tao, all people know what to avoid. Avoiding disasters is a blessing, and they are all independent. Therefore, the main reason for the Ming Dynasty is governance, so the world is also governed. " )
affect
The original text of "Xunzi Powerful Country": Entering its country, observing its customs, its people are simple, its vocal music is not dirty, its service is not good, and it is very smooth, and the ancients also. The yamen in the capital city is full of fear, disrespect, frugality, respect, loyalty, disloyalty and ancient officials. Enter its country, see its scholar-officials, leave its door and enter its public door; Leave public office and return to your home, no private affairs; Compared with Zhou, it is not cronyism, but ignorance, and ancient literati also. Look at its imperial court, it is idle, listen to its words, it is as quiet as no governance, and the ancient dynasty is also. Therefore, it is not lucky that the fourth world has won. But what you see. Therefore, it is said that if you are embarrassed, you will be treated in detail. If you don't work, you will get it. If you treat it extremely, you will be like Qin.