At present, the tendency of "primary school" in preschool education has become a very serious and common problem, which exists and spreads in different degrees all over the country, and it is still getting worse. The so-called "primary school" tendency refers to the bad tendency of some kindergartens to educate their children in advance in order to meet the wrong needs of some parents. Under the influence of this erroneous tendency, some kindergartens set up preschool classes in order to improve economic benefits, and even some kindergartens use primary school textbooks in preschool classes to meet the parents' wrong requirements of "letting children study early". This wrong way deprives children of their happy nature. So that some experts have to call for "returning childhood to children!" Therefore, we must overcome the tendency of "primary school" and let children get the best development in a free space.
Second, why is it a "primary school"
1, the impact of exam-oriented education
Influenced by the baton of the college entrance examination, the idea of attaching importance to intellectual education and neglecting moral, physical, aesthetic and labor education is still very serious, which leads to excessive emphasis on teaching quality from the beginning of the semester. Some primary schools even hold the entrance examination for the first grade of primary school, and the questions are so difficult that it is difficult to test the initial consonant, vowel, the writing recognition of the whole syllable and the addition and subtraction within 20.
2. Parents' wrong psychology
There are many reasons for the primary school of preschool education, but the most important one is the lack of Scientific Outlook on Development. We can't put children first, cultivate children's all-round, coordinated and sustainable development on the basis of respecting the laws of children's physical and mental development, pay no attention to the overall consideration of educational methods, and don't aim at children's all-round and healthy development. There are profound reasons for parents' misunderstanding. First, parents don't understand the rules of early childhood education; Second, parents are eager for quick success and instant benefit; Third, there is not enough communication between parents and kindergartens. "Don't let children lose at the starting line". Many parents have been racing since the day their children were born, trying to surpass everything they have learned.
A survey by education experts shows that many parents believe that early education is to let children learn to read, write and calculate as soon as possible. More than 90% families equate education with reading, writing and arithmetic, and think that academic achievement is the effect of education. As a result, children start reading within one year old and learning foreign languages within three years old. More than 85% of children under the age of six attend various training courses, and when they are less than five, they try their best to send them to the first grade. This attitude and behavior of parents has led some kindergartens to take reading, writing and arithmetic as their main activities, and attract children into the park by teaching elementary things such as abacus, Chinese characters and pinyin. In order to cater to parents' wishes or enter the primary school exam, children must be given some writing and calculating problems. Some private kindergarten teachers said that their kindergarten asked their children to do addition and subtraction within 100, and they could write a lot of words. They also said that these were all required by parents. For a four-or five-year-old child, parents just want the child to write more words and do more questions.
3. The concept of running a park: Some kindergartens are forced by the pressure of enrollment, cater to parents' wishes, and blindly pursue economic benefits. The concept of running the park is seriously backward, and sports equipment and toy facilities in the park are very scarce. The class size is too large, the teachers are insufficient, and the venue is insufficient, so it is difficult to carry out game activities.
4. Teacher problem: Some rural kindergarten teachers are backward in concept, follow the old preschool education methods and stick to the rules. At the same time, due to the large class size and heavy work tasks, they have no energy and are unwilling to use their brains to make new toys and design new games for their children, and rarely work hard on entertaining. Some new kindergarten teachers want to reform and innovate, but they lack experience and ability.
Third, the disadvantages of the tendency of "primary school"
First of all, "primary school tendency" is harmful to children's physical development. The child is in a long physiological stage, and his body and nervous system are still relatively weak. Children concentrate for a long time, the brain is easy to fatigue, causing damage to the nervous system and psychological changes, such as dull expression. Too early and too much normative learning can also lead to physical symptoms such as myopia, hunchback and emaciation.
Secondly, "primary school tendency" is harmful to children's psychological development. Premature implementation of primary education for children exceeds the level of children's psychological development, and their psychological development in early childhood is not perfect and they do not have the ability of systematic learning. If children are forced to study like primary school students and do a lot of homework at this time, their intelligence level will not keep up. If you study too hard, children will be bored and afraid of learning, which will stifle their enthusiasm for learning.
Thirdly, the "primary school tendency" is not conducive to the all-round development of children. In fact, primary education in early childhood is only a single intellectual education. Because this approach only attaches importance to the development of a single intellectual education or a certain skill, ignoring the requirements of all-round development. As a result, the development of children's non-intellectual factors is weakened and other development requirements are ignored, resulting in one-sidedness of children's physical and mental development.
Fourth, the "primary school tendency" is not good for children's future study. Because some preschool classes use textbooks for the first grade of primary school, the teaching content is duplicated with that of the first grade of primary school. If children have learned the knowledge in primary school textbooks in early childhood, they can get good grades without much effort when they first enter the first grade of primary school. Because of repeated education, these children have developed the bad habit of not thinking, thinking and remembering. When they enter the second grade, they can't adapt to the new learning content at once, and as a result, their academic performance drops or even they can't keep up with their studies.
Four, our county preschool education "primary" status quo
In the classroom observation and teaching competition, it is found that the tendency of primary school teaching in kindergartens in our county is more serious.
1. "Primary school" teaching method is serious: games, corner activities and outdoor activities are obviously insufficient. Most kindergartens have simple amusement facilities and toys, few homemade teaching toys and few outdoor activities. The desks and chairs in kindergartens are all arranged in the way of primary schools, with one desk and one chair, which always requires children to sit upright or even put their hands behind their backs, leading to the fact that kindergarten teaching is mainly focused on teaching, with teachers as the teaching center, ignoring the initiative of mobilizing children's learning. Children's learning styles mainly include: teachers speak and children listen; The teacher reads, and the children follow; The teacher asked and the child answered; Teachers do, children look; The teacher's instructions, the children do. At the same time, taking the classroom as the teaching center, ignoring "education lies in children's daily life" and depriving children of their right to independent, free and independent activities. For example, a teacher teaches the four colors of "red, yellow, blue and green" by teaching reading, that is, reading each color for more than ten times, and then leads the children to read each word for more than ten times. Finally, the child was distracted and could not tell red, yellow, blue and green.
2. The content of primary school teaching is very serious. Many kindergartens take addition and subtraction within 20 minutes, all Chinese pinyin including initials, finals, whole syllables and even spelling, Chinese character writing and even complicated Chinese character "writing" as their main teaching contents, and even seriously require children to write several editions of homework every day. Random inspection found that the exercise books of individual kindergarten classes were densely filled with Chinese characters and marked with Pinyin. Let the children write Chinese characters at three o'clock in the afternoon, and some children have no choice but to fall asleep at their desks. Most children's exercise books are dirty.
3. The consciousness of teaching goal is not strong, the game teaching strategy is relatively lacking, and the ineffective teaching is very serious. The management of teaching (game) activities is chaotic, and the teaching randomness is widespread, which is manifested in the fact that teachers start organizing activities without making teaching plans or preparing activity plans, and the purpose, focus and process of activities are not clear, and the organization activities are very random and do not pay attention to the effect of teaching activities. Kindergarten teachers have only learned a little superficial excitement, but they lack the ability to understand and grasp the teaching materials and the wisdom to design and organize teaching activities. For example, language activities can't develop children's language ability, and healthy activities can't make children's bodies fully active and exercise.
Art activities can't be operated by children and so on. For example, a teacher taught children to make kites, and as a result, each group of kites was made by the teacher. For example, a teacher teaches "honest children", but in the end, the children don't understand that honesty means not telling lies. But form a concept in my mind: the child who breaks the vase is a bad boy, and the bad boy is an honest boy. A teacher tried his best to make a big and beautiful birthday cake, but in the end he didn't know what the teaching goal of this teaching activity was, which made the children cry.
4. Neglect the educational value of parents' participation, lack of family ties, less parent-child activities and less publicity and education for parents. It is common to run education behind closed doors.
The main reasons are: some kindergartens have outdated concepts, are not good at learning, do not understand and use teaching materials as required, some kindergartens rarely participate in training, and some kindergarten teachers are impetuous when participating in training, do not study hard, and do not deeply understand the learning content. A few kindergartens have not made a weekly activity plan or a one-day activity plan. Even a few kindergartens use this course. It is understood that some township schools actually hold the first-grade entrance examination. Although the purpose is to set a threshold for parents to let their children enter the first grade in advance, it has led to many kindergartens blindly "primary school". A large number of principals and teachers are not aware of the harm of "primary school" in early childhood education. Although some principals and teachers are aware of the seriousness of primary school, they are not aware of the seriousness of its harm and do not know how to change it. At the same time, insufficient investment in kindergartens, few toy facilities, large classes and insufficient teachers are important reasons.
Five, the different understanding of "primary school" of early childhood education at home and abroad
1, domestic parents: "Your kindergarten is good in all aspects, except for not teaching children to write and count. Our parents are afraid that their children will not be able to keep up with school in the future." "The neighbor's children are in other kindergartens, and now they can add and subtract within 50, and our children will fall on the starting line!" "Kindergarten didn't teach anything but play. After studying for a semester, I don't know a few words, I can't count, and I don't know pinyin. It is better to play at home. "
2. Foreign Parents: Protecting Children's Imagination-A Mother's Anger and Struggle (China Education News 20 1 April 81Edition), 1968 A mother in Nevada, USA bought a birthday cake for her 3-year-old daughter. When mother took the cherry off the cake, her daughter kept pointing the cherry at the original depression. The mother took her daughter's kindergarten to court on the grounds that kindergarten deprived her children of their imagination, because before her daughter knew "0", she could describe similar "0" as apple, sun, football and bird's eggs, but after she began to learn 26 letters from kindergarten, the child lost this ability. The mother asked the kindergarten to be responsible for this consequence and compensate the child for mental disability.
Three months later, the case was heard in the Nevada Legislative Yuan, and the kindergarten lost the case because the jury was moved by a story told by her mother in her defense. She said that she went to a country in the east and saw two swans in a park. One of the left-wing feathers was cut off and put in a bigger pond. The other one is intact and placed in a smaller pond. The administrator told her that this would prevent them from running away. If you cut off a wing feather, you can't keep your balance, and it will fall off after flying. In the small pond, although the wings and feathers were not cut off, they had to stay in the water because there was no necessary gliding distance when taking off. She was very shocked and sad. Now, she feels that her daughter has become a swan in kindergarten, one wing has been cut off, and an imaginary wing has been thrown into the small pond with only "ABC" early.
This defense later became the basis of Nevada's revision of the Civic Education Protection Act, and thus formulated the initial child protection law in the United States. Now the civil rights law of the United States stipulates that children have two rights in school: the right to play and the right to ask why. Some people say that scientific and technological innovation has always been at the forefront of the world, which is inseparable from this regulation.
3 National policies attach great importance to it: In order to implement the Opinions of the State Council on the Current Development of Preschool Education (Guo Fa [2010] No.41) and create a good social environment conducive to the healthy growth of young children, the Ministry of Education has decided to hold the National Preschool Education Publicity Month from 20 12 every year. Issued the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Launching National Preschool Education Publicity Month. The theme is "happy life" and "healthy growth", which requires "actively carrying out research on regional activities to make games really become the main theme of kindergartens." Since the notice was issued, all major media have stepped up their propaganda on preschool education, especially to correct the "primary school" of preschool education, which has been publicized by China Education News for a long time. Article 18 of the Opinions of Hunan Provincial People's Government on Accelerating the Development of Preschool Education (Hunan 20117) points out that "to lead the development of preschool education with the scientific concept of protecting education, governments at all levels should widely publicize the advanced concept of preschool education in various forms, kindergartens should adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to protecting education, follow the laws of preschool education, and adhere to the basic activities of entertaining through games."
6. Ways and strategies to solve the problem of "primary school"
(1) Kindergartens should do a good job in educating parents, change their ideas, gain their support, and get rid of the misunderstanding of "primary school" in preschool education.
Family is an important partner of kindergarten. Correcting and preventing the tendency of "primary school" in early childhood education requires parents' understanding, support and cooperation. "Don't let children lose at the starting line", the idea of quick success and instant benefit and the way of raising children have greatly promoted the formation of the phenomenon of primary school education in early childhood. Parents' understanding and support of kindergarten education is an important aspect to overcome the "primary tendency" of preschool education.
The "Outline" points out that kindergartens should undertake the consultation and guidance of children's family education and help parents establish a correct educational concept. To this end, we should take various forms to carry out extensive and in-depth parental work, update parents' educational concepts, let the whole society get rid of the educational misunderstanding of preschool education, and let children's natural nature develop better. Carry out parent education activities to let parents know the rules of early childhood education. Through irregular education lectures, parents' schools and various communication channels between kindergartens and parents, parents can learn the correct educational theory, understand the main tasks of early childhood education and the requirements of children's all-round development, and let parents know some basic methods of early childhood education. When they fully understand that the educational practices and viewpoints of kindergartens are correct, they will not ask kindergartens to engage in primary education. For example, 1997, a large kindergarten in a city was influenced by the "primary tendency" of social preschool education, and the number of students was once reduced to more than 50, forcing the kindergarten to consider opening several preschool classes. Under the guidance of educational experts, the kindergarten has carried out extensive parent education activities to publicize the concept of early childhood education to the society in all directions. As a result, after only three months, the number of students in this kindergarten suddenly reached more than 300, which is a gratifying phenomenon.
1, let parents see hidden dangers.
Before the start of each school year, hold a special parent-teacher meeting to solve the tendency of "primary school" in kindergarten education, to help parents understand the guiding ideology and basic requirements of the Outline, and to understand the basic laws of early childhood education and the characteristics of children's physical and mental development; Introduce the children's training objectives at all stages, the class education and teaching plan, and the specific measures for children's connection work to parents; And publicize to parents the harmfulness of the tendency of "primary school" in kindergarten education to children's lifelong development; "Preschool education is primary" is against the law of education. Acting in accordance with the law of education means that people should accept the corresponding educational content at different stages of growth, and they cannot surpass or lag behind. Simply put, what knowledge is learned at what stage is just like human growth and development. Newborn babies mainly develop their brains, their bodies in adolescence and their minds in adulthood. In this order, people can grow into sound people.
A typical study-ladder climbing experiment illustrates this problem. From the 46th week, Duoduo received 10 minutes of ladder climbing training every day. By the 52nd week, even if someone helped him, he wouldn't climb the stairs. But after the 54th week, when he saw the stairs again, he was able to climb to the end of the stairs without the help of others. This is the world-famous double ladder climbing experiment. Research shows that any early education for children is only twice the result with half the effort, and appropriate education at the right age is the real law of education.
"Some first-year students hold pens incorrectly when they enter school, and the spelling of pinyin letters is not standardized. "A primary school teacher said that students' habits are formed and it is difficult for teachers to correct them, so it is better not to teach before school starts. Nowadays, many students in grade one and grade two in primary schools like to make trouble in class, or they are inattentive and like to be distracted. Mainly because some children have already learned this knowledge in kindergarten, they think they have mastered it, and there is no need to waste time learning it. In fact, they don't really understand. They may only know one thing and not another, or they just swallow dates. They learned only a little knowledge and didn't really understand it. About early childhood education, for example, running-children's growth and education is long-distance running instead of sprinting, just Rainbow Xia Jun's running. The way Wang started is not important, but her endurance. Life is a long run, and the start is not important. The key is to have a strong development ability in the later stage, so as to run to the end. This tells parents that when they are in kindergarten, they only need to learn something that should be learned at this stage. Don't aim too high and learn things that don't belong to this stage.
2. Understand the difference between kindergarten education and primary education, and establish a new educational concept for parents.
The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education points out that it is necessary to "promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills from different angles". "It is necessary to avoid focusing only on the performance skills or the results of artistic activities, while ignoring children's emotional experience and attitude tendency in the process of activities." The outline emphasizes: "In particular, we should avoid the tendency of attaching importance to knowledge and skills and neglecting emotion, sociality and practical ability."
"Other children learn primary school knowledge in advance, and our children can't keep up if they don't learn in the morning." Some parents share the same concerns. In fact, teachers in the first grade of primary school have different knowledge levels for children who have just entered school, but whether they have studied or not, they will teach patiently at the beginning, so that children who have not studied in advance will not suffer, so that parents can rest assured. We should have a correct understanding of preschool education.
The scope of early childhood education is very wide, not the narrow education that parents say allows children to blindly accept book knowledge. At present, it is a common phenomenon that children go to primary school at the age of six to seven in the world. It is against the educational law to let children at the age of four or five or even younger learn primary school knowledge in kindergartens. In kindergarten, it is mainly to let children learn perceptual knowledge and develop thinking in images. Primary school is to learn rational knowledge and develop abstract thinking. To form rational thinking, we must have perceptual thinking as the basis. The richer the perceptual thinking, the better the rational thinking. But the reality is that many kindergartens instill rational knowledge into their children, without even exercising their thinking in images. Although this can achieve some immediate results, it disrupts the children's learning rules and is very unfavorable to their future development.
3. Let parents fully understand the kindergarten and change the concept of parenting.
1978, 75 Nobel Prize winners met in Paris. Someone asked one of the winners, "Which university and laboratory did you learn the most important thing?" Unexpectedly, the white-haired scholar replied, "It was in kindergarten." Yes, the enlightenment education of children's socialization began in kindergarten, and the preschool education in this period plays a fundamental role in the development of children's life. According to Professor Zhao Zhongxin, an expert in early childhood education, what kindergartens learn at this stage is in these aspects: First, learn to speak and learn to speak; The second is to teach children some rules, codes of conduct and manners. The third is to learn some abilities, specifically the ability to live, such as learning to dress up. Fourth, spend a lot of time to enrich your perceptual knowledge. Parents should take time to take their children to the park to let them feel the nature, or take them to the street to get familiar with society. Fifth, let them learn to communicate and get along. Due to the influence of age characteristics, it is difficult for preschool children to accept the "primary school" learning method, and boring writing and calculation inhibit their curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Games are children's basic activities, and children are happiest only in games, and only in a happy mood can they better accept knowledge. Therefore, by exploring the game-based learning model, teachers can be guided to integrate games and knowledge well, which not only avoids the "primary school" learning model, but also enables children to expand their knowledge. For example, early reading education is an important part of kindergarten language education. In order to cultivate children's good reading habits, improve children's reading ability and help children master reading methods, combined with the spirit of the new syllabus and the characteristics of children's development, the class combines the early reading teaching content of this age group to create a characteristic area of the class and equip each class with corresponding equipment and teaching materials. In the reading area of each class, a large number of books are placed on the bookshelf to facilitate children to read at any time; Activity books add fun to children's reading, such as making books, mending books, explaining pictures, puzzles, reading story picture books, teaching poetry, telling stories and performing. Enrich reading content? Children have expanded their knowledge in such games, and their observation, imagination, migration ability and language expression ability have been further developed. In order to let parents know this, class education activities are regularly opened to parents to let them know more.
Understanding the content and form of kindergarten teaching activities is aimed at children's age characteristics and learning characteristics. Parent-child games are organized, and teachers can feed back the advantages and disadvantages of children in games to parents at any time, so that parents can feel the development of children's abilities and share happiness in parent-child interactive games. Parents' attention has gradually shifted from the educational concept of "how many questions can be counted and how many words can be recognized" to the important aspect of children's all-round development to evaluate children. In view of parents' misunderstanding, we actively carry out relevant publicity by sending parents a letter and running a garden newspaper, so that parents can understand the true connotation of preschool education and win their support and cooperation in kindergarten work.
Parents know that preschool education is different from primary education. Preschool classes are not an extension of the first grade of primary school. They know how to "adapt to nature and develop their personality". Understand that children respect the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, follow the laws of education, and promote the harmonious and healthy growth of children's body and mind. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the wrong concept of pre-school education, establish a scientific concept of family education, get out of the misunderstanding of pre-school education, help children grow up healthily according to the law of education, and put an end to the social phenomenon of pre-school education.
(2) Do a good job in training principals, change their concepts, improve their quality, implement preschool education in accordance with the outline, regulations and guidelines, focus on game activities, arrange one-day activities, and conduct education in accordance with the laws of children's physical and mental development.
Q: When were the Regulations on Kindergarten Work, the Guide to Early Childhood Education and the Guide to Learning and Development for Children Aged 3-6 tried out and promulgated respectively?
1989 issued the Regulations on Kindergarten Work (for Trial Implementation) and implemented it; 1996 promulgated the Regulations on Kindergarten Work and abolished the Regulations on Kindergarten Work (for Trial Implementation) at the same time; 200 1 The Ministry of Education issued "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)", requiring kindergartens to follow and implement quality education; 20 12 the Ministry of education issued a guide to learning and development for children aged 3-6.
Overcoming the "primary tendency" of preschool education is a comprehensive project, which should start from the following aspects.
Pay equal attention to software and hardware, improve the conditions for running the park, and purchase or make necessary toy facilities and sports equipment. From the software, we should strengthen our study, update our concepts and understand the importance of playing games.
1, change the concept of education and correct the guiding ideology of running a school.
The emergence of "primary school tendency" is actually a product under the influence of wrong educational concepts. To solve the "primary school tendency", we must first change the educational concept and realize that preschool education is the initial stage of basic education, and its task is to lay the knowledge and intelligence foundation for children's future primary school study, not adult education. Therefore, kindergarten educators should take the Kindergarten Work Rules, the Guide for Children's Work and the Guide for Children's Learning and Development at the Age of 3-6 as the guidance, give children a comprehensive physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic education, and improve their physical and mental quality on the premise of promoting their all-round development. Therefore, the educational content, teaching forms and teaching methods of kindergartens are strictly different from those of primary schools. Primary education in kindergartens is not allowed, and it is also prohibited by the national preschool education regulations.
2. Follow the law of preschool education and reflect the characteristics of preschool education.
Kindergarten education is for the healthy development of children's body and mind, so early childhood education must follow the law of children's physical and mental development and reflect the characteristics of early childhood education.
First, establish the goal of enlightenment education. Early childhood education is enlightenment education, and its educational requirement is to develop children's intelligence. Children learn only superficial knowledge and skills in the life around them, which is a principle that cannot be violated. In kindergarten, all educational work should focus on the requirements of enlightenment education, organize educational contents and arrange educational activities according to the characteristics of enlightenment education, so that children can master superficial knowledge and skills in their surrounding life while gaining intellectual enlightenment.
Second, arrange various activities reasonably to reflect the characteristics of children's development. There is no concept of "curriculum" in the pre-school education laws and regulations stipulated by the state, which is determined by the pre-school education laws. Therefore, all activities in kindergartens should give children full freedom of activities, mainly group activities, independent activities and interesting activities. To make a good work plan for a week, when arranging activities, we should pay attention to the organic combination of all aspects of the day's activities, pay attention to the alternation of activity and static, indoor and outdoor, and pay attention to the alternation of collective activities and scattered activities. We should also pay attention to the combination of group activities, optional activities and free activities, and pay attention to the characteristics of integrity, rhythm and flexibility of one-day activities to reflect the quality of one-day activities.
Thirdly, children's play activities should be carried out, and education should be included in the play. Games are the basic activities of children, and also the main learning activities for children to acquire knowledge and develop intelligence. Some people say that toys are children's angels and games are children's companions. In fact, it emphasizes the playful nature of children and the objective law of children's development in games. In the arrangement of children's game activities, it is necessary to ensure that there is enough time for children to choose game activities freely every day; Try to open up the playground and expand the game space for children; It is necessary to choose the theme of the game according to the educational goal and carry out extensive game corner activities. Attach importance to the educational function of the whole game. Whether it is the creation of game environment or the selection of game content, we should fully consider the overall educational objectives of kindergartens, take all-round development as the goal, fully develop children's initiative and independence, and pay attention to cultivating children's various good qualities.
In short, to overcome the "primary tendency" of preschool education, we must act in accordance with the national preschool education laws and regulations, arrange various educational activities in kindergartens according to the laws of children's physical and mental development, let parents support kindergarten education, and let children get comprehensive and healthy development in a happy and harmonious kindergarten environment.