(1) The essence of education (the stipulation of educational quality): Education is a social activity to cultivate people.

(2) The definition of education: education in a narrow sense mainly refers to school education, which is an activity that educators exert influence on the body and mind of the educated purposefully, planned and organized through school education according to certain social requirements, and urge them to change in the expected direction.

(3) Understanding of the definition of education: The concept of education should include the following three aspects of logic:

1, as the executor in the nominative sense and the receiver in the accusative sense;

2. Education is a process concept;

3. Education is a social practice.

Second, the school education system (academic system)

● (1) Definition (choose, fill in the blank, short answer): The school education system is referred to as the academic system, which refers to the education system of various schools at all levels in a country and its corresponding laws and regulations, including two basic aspects that are interrelated: First, the system of educational institutions and organizations at all levels; The second is a set of rules on which educational institutions and organizational systems exist and operate, such as educational laws, regulations and rules. The academic system specifies the nature, tasks, training objectives, admission conditions, study years and the relationship between them.

Vertical academic system: general education, vocational education, adult education, etc.

Horizontal school stage: preschool education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, etc.

● (B) Formal development of the school education system (fill in the blanks)

Pre-institutionalized education (ancient academic system) →

The earliest education in production and life and the stereotyped formal education (that is, materialized education) that gradually appeared after the slave society are all called pre-institutionalized education. Formal education has the following characteristics:

1, the subject of education is determined, and there are teachers who take education as their profession;

2. The object of education is relatively stable, and students appear (ruling class).

3. Form a series of cultural communication activities;

4. There are relatively stable venues and facilities for activities.

5. An independent form of social activities composed of the above elements.

Institutionalized education (modern academic system) →

Systematic dual-track school system; Staged single-track school system

The symbol of the rise of modern institutionalized education in China was "Abolishing Imperial Examinations and Promoting Schools" in the late Qing Dynasty, and the national unified educational purpose and modern academic system were promulgated. China's modern systematic and complete academic system originated from 1902' s imperial academy Constitution (Renyin Academic System) and 1904' s imperial academy Constitution (Guimao Academic System).

Advantages and disadvantages of institutionalized education: the advantages are to reduce the cost of education and promote educational equity; The disadvantage is that it is too unified and suppresses individuality.

Non-institutionalized education (modern academic system)

-It is not only the form of education, but also the educational concept, learning society and lifelong learning.

Representative: combs (informal education); Ilych (non-school)