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Basic information
HanYueFu
Works alias Yuefu poetry/Yuefu/Yuefu folk songs
Creation year: Han Dynasty
The source of the work is Yuefu Poems.
Literary genre Yuefu poetry
The author collected and sorted out Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty.
Directory 1 meaning 2 extended 3 classic works 4 features 5 background 6 materials 7 comparison 8 main works 1 meaning 2 extended 3 classic works 3. 13.2 Yuefu in Han Dynasty 4 features 5 background 6 materials 7 comparison 7. 1 writing techniques 7.2 theme 8 main works 8. 1 15 planned conscription 8.2 south of the city 8.3. 8.4 Journey of Orphans 8.5 Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave 8.6 Eliminating evil spirits 8.7 Picking roses 8.8 Long songs 8.9 Jiangnan 8. 10 Peacock flies southeast 8. 1 1 Mulan Poetry
Yuefu is a special official institution established since the Qin Dynasty, which is responsible for distributing music, training musicians and collecting folk songs. Han Yuefu refers to the poems collected by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty. These poems were originally circulated among the people and preserved through Yuefu, which was called "Song Poetry" by Han people and "Yuefu" or "Han Yuefu" in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Poems written by later scholars imitating this form are also called "Yuefu Poems".
Han Yuefu is another great collection of ancient folk songs after The Book of Songs. Different from the Book of Songs (also realism), it created a new style of poetic realism. Women's works play an important role in the folk songs of Han Yuefu. It uses popular language to construct works that are close to life, from miscellaneous words to five words, and uses narrative writing to describe the characters in detail, create distinctive characters and complete the story. It can highlight the ideological connotation, pay attention to describing typical details, and open up a new stage in the development of narrative poetry, which is an important stage in the development of five-character poetry in the history of China's poetry. Han Yuefu has a very high position in the history of literature, which can keep pace with The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
Shang Mo Sang and Peacock Flying Southeast are both folk songs of Han Yuefu, and Peacock Flying Southeast is the longest narrative poem in ancient China. Peacock Flying Southeast and Mulan Poetry are both called "Yuefu Shuangbi". Peacock Flying Southeast in the Han Dynasty, Mulan Poetry in the Northern Dynasty, and Wei Zhuang's Ode to Fu Qin in the Tang Dynasty are also called "Three Wonders of Yuefu". Besides, young people in Long song don't work hard. Big brother is sad is also a famous saying.
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The expansion and development of Yuefu in the Western Han Dynasty was in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The Book of Rites and Music in Han Dynasty said: "By the time Emperor Wu made a decision, Yuefu was established, reading poems at night, entrusted by Zhao, Dai, Qin and Chu. I thought that the master of the law would lead dozens of people to write poems and poems. Legally, he wrote an eight-tone song with 19 chapters. On the first day of the first month, we used Ganquan to worship the mountain, and let 70 children sing songs, which surprised the temple. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the function of Yuefu was further strengthened. Yuefu not only organized literati to create songs and poems for the court, but also collected ballads from all over the country. Many folk songs are sung in Yuefu and handed down. Yuefu songs and poems created by literati are no longer like.
This poem also directly expresses the love and hate between men and women. Love poems occupy a large proportion in Yuefu poems in the two Han Dynasties. Most of these poems are written by folk or lower-class literati. Therefore, when expressing love and hate in love and marriage, they are all bold and provocative. Advocating the worship of evil in the lyrics is one of the songs 18, which is a woman's self-oath: "worship of evil! I want to know you, and I will live long. There is no grave in the mountains, the river is exhausted, lightning in winter shakes rain and snow in summer, and heaven and earth are one, but they dare to separate from you. " This poem uses strange words and is unique. First, I swear to God that I will be my partner for life. Then I even listed five rare and extremely abnormal natural phenomena to show my unswerving commitment to love, each of which will not appear under normal circumstances, let alone at the same time. Therefore, the works greatly enhance the intensity of lyricism, and the inner feelings are like volcanic eruptions, such as surging rivers, and no force can stop them. The women in Yuefu poems in the two Han dynasties are sincere and enthusiastic about their lovers. However, once you find that the other person has moved on and changed his mind halfway, you will turn love into hate and break up with him decisively without hesitation. Another cymbal song, Thinking, reflects the change and performance of unmarried women from love to hate. The lover that the heroine misses is far away in Hainan. She prepared a pair of precious "pearl tortoiseshell pair, dazzling in jade color" and wanted to give it to each other. When she heard that the other person had second thoughts, she resolutely destroyed the gift, "mixing things together and burning them", "When the wind blows up its ashes", she firmly said, "From now on, don't miss each other any more." She loves her passionately and hates her guts. Her choice is painful, but also firm and resolute.
Peacocks fly southeast; Southeast Fly the Peacocks; The Peacock Flies Southeast
Peacock Flying Southeast is about another kind of love-hate relationship. The hero and heroine of this poem, Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, are a loving couple. There is only love between them, not hate. Their marriage broke up due to external forces. Jiao Mu doesn't like Lan Zhi, so she has to go back to her family. Brother Liu forced her to remarry, and the satrap forced her to get married. After Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing broke up, they got to know each other better and their love became stronger and stronger. Finally, they committed suicide in pairs to resist the arranged marriage and express their eternal love. When the author of Peacock Flying Southeast describes this marriage tragedy, the hero and heroine love what they love and hate what they hate, and the tendency is very obvious. There are also two Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty, such as Sang Helang. In these two works, men and women have no emotional foundation at all and are strangers. The man tried to impose his will on the woman by virtue of power. Thus, there appeared a scene in which Qin Luofu deftly refused to return to Jun and Hu Ji died. The authors of these two poems also have a clear distinction between love and hate. They fully affirmed and highly praised Qin Luofu and Hu Ji, and mocked and killed lecherous envoys and Jin Wuzi.
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Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wars have been waged frequently, and a large number of soldiers have been recruited, resulting in a large number of deaths of the people and the destruction of many families. The brushwork of The Battle of the South not only involves the desolation of the battlefield, but also extends to a vast social space, describing the destruction of social order and the waste of agricultural production by war. The 15th conscription used "15th conscription" and "return in the early 1980s" to describe the darkness of the military service system. The huge distance between the two characters is frightening, which not only brings personal tragedy, but also causes the tragedy of "countless pine and cypress graves" in the family.
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Busy places (hotels, Kyoto) and emergencies are the objects that the author likes to describe.
Some representative works tell stories with complete plots. Such as gynecological diseases, orphans, peacocks flying southeast, and so on. Sometimes the plot twists and turns. "Peacock Flying Southeast" buckled the contradiction between Lan Zhi's faithful love and feudal autocracy, and developed a rich and tortuous plot. Lan Zhi was unbearable and invited to return, causing waves; Zhong Qing's intercession seems to have calmed the contradiction, but Jiao Mu's attitude is outrageous and the contradiction is more acute. Liu Jiao's vows before breaking up eased the conflict a little. Lan Zhi was forced to remarry, which aggravated the contradiction. The plot is ups and downs, full of twists and turns. Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty created a number of vivid characters. He writes people with great skill. Or express the character through the words and deeds of the characters, or use the environment and scenery to set off the character image. A woman's sick trip, an orphan's trip, the dialogue in Shang Mo Sang, the behavior of the characters in Peacock Flying Southeast and the environmental atmosphere all effectively depict the characters.
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Writing skill folding
The Yuefu poems in the two Han dynasties pay attention to tailoring, emphasizing narrative but slightly lyrical, laying out the scene, detailing the intermediate process and outlining the beginning and end. On the one hand, Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty played a positive role in promoting the evolution of China's ancient poetic style, and realized the transition from four-character poems to miscellaneous poems and five-character poems.
The four characters in The Book of Songs are longer than lyric and are not suitable for narrative description. Especially after the pre-Qin period, there were more disyllabic words in Chinese, but the verbs were monosyllabic, so it was difficult for disyllabic words and monosyllabic words to match the "February 22nd" rhythm of four-character poems. It is imperative to innovate the poetic style. The miscellaneous style of Chu Ci is a great liberation of the four-character poem style. Yuefu poems in Han dynasty also used miscellaneous words at the beginning to facilitate narrative description. There are already five sentences in the miscellaneous poem. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of five-character poems created by the people increased, which further influenced the literary creation style. An important style of China's classical poetry gradually matured at this time.
Theme folding
At the beginning of China's poetry, lyric poetry was overwhelming. There are not many narrative poems in The Book of Songs (such as July, Dongshan, Mang, etc.), most of which are lyric poems, and most of them are sung in the form of chapters. Chu Ci is also lyrical. Although the emergence of folk songs in Han Yuefu is not enough to change the mainstream of lyric poetry, there are many mature narrative poems after all. About one third of the existing Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty are narrative works. This kind of narrative poetry mostly adopts the third person, which is more flexible in expressing character events. Short stories often capture a typical fragment of life to express, so that contradictions are concentrated in one focus, which not only avoids too much explanation and elaboration, but also shows a broad social background. For example, in The East Gate, there is only the scene where the husband draws his sword and his wife persuades him, but the content behind the poem is very rich. Another example is the Tenth Five-Year Plan. On the one hand, it is difficult to miss home after 65 years of military service; On the one hand, there are many natural and man-made disasters at home, and relatives die one by one. Let's not talk about all this, only that the old man came back bald, facing the desolate quadrangles and graves, the suffering of life, the darkness of society, and even the same experiences of more people are all in it. Medium-length narrative poems, such as "On the Mulberry" and "Peacock Flying Southeast", are described more, the plot unfolds, and contradictions and conflicts rise and fall. There is every reason to say that China's ancient narrative poems created a new poetic style-miscellaneous style and five-character style on the basis of Han Yuefu folk songs. His essays are free and flexible, and seem to be written at will, ranging from one or two sentences to more than a dozen words (such as A Journey to an Orphan). The author only writes according to the needs of the content. This paved the way for future miscellaneous songs. It is generally believed that five-character poems originated in the Han Dynasty. Poems such as "Jiangnan" and "Fifteen Joining the Army" in Yuefu are all neat five-character poems. It is generally believed that these two poems were written in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were more and more five-character poems in Yuefu poems, and their artistry was becoming more and more perfect. But also interact with the five-character poems of literati and promote them together. Mature five-character poetry was bred in Yuefu folk songs and literati's creation in Han Dynasty and became the main form of poetry in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
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The folk songs of Han Yuefu have a strong flavor of life, especially for the first time, which concretely and profoundly reflects the hardships and pains of the daily life of the lower classes.
Fifteen-year conscription fold
He joined the army at the age of fifteen and didn't come back until he was eighty.
Everyone in the village, who is at home?
Looking into the distance is your home, with countless pines and cypresses.
Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam.
In the atrium, Green Valley was born, and in the well, Lv Kui was born.
Eat grains as rice and drink sunflower as soup.
The soup and rice have been cooked for a while, and I don't know who it will be.
Going out and looking east, tears fell on my clothes.
Zhancheng south fold
Fight in the south of the city, die in the north, die in the wild and have no burial to eat. Call Wu for me: "Let's go and be a guest. If you die in the wild, don't be buried. Can carrion escape? "Water depth stimulation, PuWei intangible. Owl rides a bucket to death, while Xu wanders alone. Liang, why the south, why the north, why can't he get food? Willing to be a loyal minister? Think of a good minister, a good minister is sincere: I go out early and return late.
Folding of sick women
This woman has been ill for several years. She said something before paging her husband.
I don't know what to cry when I can't say it.
"This is a tired lonely couple, so my son is hungry and cold.
I have been cautious and hesitant, and my business has been shaken. "
Chaos said: when you hold it, you have no clothes, you have no clothes.
Close the door and send orphans to the city.
I can't get up when I cry.
From begging orphans for bait to crying to friends,
Deep valley of tears. "I want to be sad!"
Explore the money in your arms. Introduction to orphans,
Tissot's mother hugged him. Wandering in an empty house,
"turn your back, abandon it and never return."
Isolated row folding
Orphan, orphan girl, life is bitter. When parents are away, take a hard car and drive a horse. My parents have left, and my brother and sister-in-law ordered me to go. Jiujiang in the south and Qi and Lu in the east. When the twelfth lunar month comes, I dare not say anything. The head is covered with lice and the face is covered with dust. Brother promised to cook, and sister-in-law promised to treat the horse. Go to Gaotang to get your royal highness's temple. The tears of orphans are like rain, which makes me cry in the morning and return to the water at night. If the hand is wrong, the first step is nothing. There are many thorns in the cream. Pulling out the sausage meat of tribulus terrestris makes me feel sad. Tears are falling, and the tears are heavy. There is no recovery in winter, and there is no light clothing in summer. Life is not satisfactory, it is better to go underground before it is too late. Spring is pneumatic, and the grass has sprouted. Raise silkworms in March and plant melons in June. It will be a melon car, and it will be repeated when I get home. Few people help me, but many people eat melons. I am willing to pay my brother and sister-in-law back. When you are alone in anxious to return, you should make a good plan for your school. Luan Yue: I don't want to send a ruler book, but I will live underground with my parents, brothers and sisters for a long time.
Liu Hua of Changbai said: "Although the sick woman and the orphan wrote two poems, although they were wrong, their feelings and circumstances were in harmony, and their words were vivid. Every time I watch it, I feel very stinging. Later generations of sages encountered such a topic, although they tried their best to describe it and read it like chewing wax, they could not help but shed tears and mourn for it. " Sad songs can be used as tears, and distant looks can be used as angelica. Miss my hometown and feel depressed. Nobody wants to go home, and there is no boat to cross the river. The brain can't talk, and the wheels in the intestines turn.
Autumn wind whispers and worries about killing people, coming in and out. Who is in the seat and who is not in a hurry? Let my hair turn white. It's windy around Hu, so why repair trees? The distance from home is getting farther and farther, and the clothes are slowing down. The brain can't talk, and the wheels in the intestines turn.
Ma Yin Great Wall Cave Folding
Jiang Chun grass green, endless extension to the distance, makes me miss my husband who travels far away.
A husband who is far away from home can not miss him all day, but he can see him in his dream soon.
I saw him by my side in my dream and woke up to find that he was still in exile.
There are different areas in China, and my husband is wandering in China.
Mulberry withered until the wind came, and the sea knew the taste of cold.
Fellow travelers home, dear, who will tell me the news of my husband?
A guest came from far away and brought me a carp-shaped wooden box with silk and silk letters in it.
Tell the boy to open the wooden box and write a letter with a ruler.
Kneeling for a long time to read a plain book, what is it like in the book?
Talk more about food and you will remember what you look like.
Pathogenic folding
Evil! I want to know you and live a long life. There is no mausoleum in the mountains, the river is exhausted, there is Lei Zhen in winter, and there is rain and snow in summer. Only when heaven and earth are in harmony can we dare to be with you!
I miss the people
The person I miss is in the far south. Why ask Yi-jun? You can confuse her with jade. Then I heard that you changed your mind, and I broke my hair hairpin in anger. When the wind blows, it will be destroyed and burned. From now on, don't miss each other again! Acacia and Jun absolutely, chickens bark and dogs bark, brothers and sisters should know. Princess, shout! The autumn wind blows the morning wind, and the East will know in an instant.
Pick turnips and fold them up the hill.
Pick weeds up the hill and see your wife down the hill.
The dragon knelt down and asked the old man, "What about the new guy?"
"Although the couple is good, if not old friends.
The color is similar, but the claws are different. "
"New people enter from the door, so old people walk together."
"New artificial weaving, so artificial weaving.
Weave a horse every day, more than 50 feet,
New people are better than old people. "
Moshangsang
Southeast corner of sunrise, shine on me, Qin Lou. Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu. Luo Fu is good at raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook. There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he put it on his shoulder and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu. You come from the south, and five horses stand upright. Your majesty sent officials to ask whose family it was. "Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu." "What is the date of Luo Fu?" "Twenty is not enough, fifteen is quite enough." Your Majesty thanked Luo Fu and said, "Would you like to share the burden?" Luo Fu made a speech earlier: "Your ambassador is really a fool! The monarch has his wife, and Luo Fu has his husband. Thousands of people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. What's the use of knowing your husband? A white horse comes from a colt, with hair tied in a ponytail and a horse's head wrapped in gold. Deer sword, a deer in the waist, can be worth more than 10 million. A petty official in the fifteenth mansion, a doctor in the twentieth dynasty, an assistant in the thirty, and a resident in the forty cities. People are clean and white, and they have many needs. Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting inside, and they all say that their husbands are different. "
Long song line folding
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun. Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity. I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither. The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? If young people don't work in time, they will only regret for life when they are old.
Moral: Sunflowers in the garden are lush, and Ran Ran rises in the crystal clear morning sun. Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity. I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither. When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west? If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old.
Appreciation: This poem begins with "Sunflowers in the Garden", and then takes the water flowing to the sea as an example to show that time is like running water, which never returns. Finally, we should persuade people to cherish their youth and work hard, and don't wait until they are old to regret it. This poem uses things to express meaning. First, it uses the sunflower in the garden as a metaphor. "Green" means it is flourishing. In fact, under the sunshine and rain in the whole spring, everything is scrambling to grow. Why is this happening? Because they are all afraid that autumn is coming, they all know that autumn wind will wither a hundred herbs. The rhythm of life in nature is like this, and so is life? If a person doesn't work hard when he is in a good time, it will be too late to regret when he is old. This poem thinks that life is fleeting from the beautiful scenery of youth in front of us, and encourages young people to cherish time, make warnings and inspire people to forge ahead.