Life is a hundred years, based on childhood. Preschool education is the beginning of lifelong learning and is very important for children's growth. In recent years, the Ctrip Parent-child Park incident and the Red, Yellow and Blue Kindergarten incident have aroused the concern of the whole society about preschool education. With the arrival of the comprehensive two-child era, the voice of increasing the supply of preschool education resources and improving and ensuring the quality of preschool education is growing.
First, professional analysis
What is preschool education?
Preschool education is the fastest growing part of China's education in the new era, and it is also one of the biggest shortcomings of China's education at present. Now all parties attach great importance to preschool education, especially young parents, which has become one of their biggest "troubles". Preschool education refers to the education of children aged 3-6, which is what we often call kindergarten education.
Preschool education is the beginning of lifelong learning. Preschool stage is the stage with the fastest physical and mental development and the strongest plasticity in one's life. It has an irreplaceable influence on people's physical and mental health, habit formation, moral cultivation, innovation ability and creativity, and is an important basic stage of human resource development. Let every child develop good moral habits from childhood and lay a solid foundation for every child's lifelong development, which has extremely important basic and long-term support for improving the overall quality of the people, improving the level of national human resources development and cultivating new people in charge of national rejuvenation.
"In the past, many people thought that kindergarten teachers were just' looking after children', and at most they were singing, writing and dancing, with no technical content. But in fact, to be an excellent kindergarten teacher, you must meet the necessary qualifications and quality requirements of this profession. For example, the most basic cultivation of teachers' morality, love and patience for young children, scientific and comprehensive teaching knowledge, diversified teaching skills and so on. " Ding Haidong, a professor at the School of Education of Fujian Normal University, said.
Preschool education. What?
Preschool education is a major to train preschool teachers. The curriculum of preschool education mainly focuses on the characteristics of children's physical and psychological development, and the main subjects are pedagogy and psychology. Take this major of Capital Normal University as an example, The main professional courses that students study in undergraduate stage are: introduction to education, introduction to psychology, educational psychology, preschool education, infant psychology, infant hygiene, design and implementation of kindergarten education activities, kindergarten games and guidance, preschool education history, preschool health education, preschool language education, preschool social education, preschool mathematics and science education, preschool music education, preschool art education, preschool education research methods, preschool observation and evaluation, Kindergarten class management, basic music theory and solfeggio, figure and dance, piano, art, handicrafts, children's literature, educational probation, educational practice, artistic practice, social practice and other compulsory courses. At the same time, elective courses in kindergarten curriculum, basic theory of preschool education, children's psychological development and education, and literature and art education are offered.
According to the different situation of pre-school education in colleges and universities in China, there are also differences in curriculum. Candidates can view the detailed majors and curriculum of each school.
Two. Occupation and employment
According to the data of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Information Platform, the number of college graduates majoring in preschool education is 32,000-34,000 each year. In 20 17, the national employment rate was between 90% and 95%; The proportion of arts and sciences: arts 69%, science 31%; The ratio of male to female is 6% for boys and 94% for girls.
There is a shortage of talents and a great demand.
China's preschool education has made great progress, but the quantity and quality of preschool teachers are still the bottleneck of development. The key to the development of preschool education lies in kindergarten teachers. According to the data released by the Ministry of Education, there is a big demand gap for kindergarten teachers. By 2020, it is estimated that the gap between kindergarten teachers and nurses will reach about10.9 million.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts education in a strategic position of giving priority to development, and clearly puts forward that it is necessary to "run preschool education well", "teach children to learn" and "strive to make every child enjoy a fair and quality education". The recently released "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening the Reform and Standardized Development of Preschool Education" clarifies the development goal: by 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China will reach 85%, and a public service system of preschool education with wide coverage, basic guarantee and quality will be basically established; Basically form a kindergarten teacher training system with our college as the main body, with more than 200,000 pre-school education graduates; Establish a professional growth mechanism for kindergarten teachers, improve the standards of training courses, and train about 6,543,800 kindergarten directors and teachers at different levels; The establishment of the quality certification and guarantee system of preschool education in colleges and universities has improved the overall quality and scientific teaching guarantee ability of preschool teachers, further improved their social status and treatment guarantee, and significantly enhanced their professional attraction.
Teachers of Capital Normal University introduced that with the implementation of the national "second child policy" and people's expectation for their children to enjoy quality preschool education, preschool education has ushered in the best development opportunity in history. Taking Beijing as an example, with the increasing number of public parks and private parks in Beijing, there are more than10.6 million kindergartens, and the demand for high-quality preschool teachers continues to increase. Pre-school education majors gradually expand the number of students enrolled in undergraduate courses, but the demand is still in short supply.
Teachers of preschool education major in East China Normal University believe that this major is characterized by paying equal attention to training and academics, teaching and experiment going hand in hand, and inheritance and innovation going hand in hand. No matter from the development of professional academics or the demand of market talents, the development prospect of this major is quite good. Judging from the current situation that the state encourages the second child and promotes preschool education, the employment of preschool education graduates is not a problem, and there is still room for self-employment. Of course, the challenge is not small.
Liu Ru, director of Beihai Kindergarten, once said in an interview with the media: It is not easy to be a kindergarten teacher. Kindergarten teachers should be able to sing, dance, play the piano, tell stories, do crafts, do exercises, do hygiene and other 18 martial arts ... The most important thing is that they should respect and love children, understand their psychology, and cultivate their good habits and qualities through games. In addition to staring at dozens of children for 8~ 10 hours, I have to do a lot of copywriting and communication with parents in my spare time. It is very difficult to do these well.
Some graduates think that no matter what they do, they should deal with children, otherwise the internship will be very painful from the beginning; Do you like a group of children twittering around you and calling your name? Do you like a group of children suddenly pulling your trousers? Do you like sleeping with a group of children at noon or being held in your lap every day? Anyway, cute, annoying and dumbfounding things happen to a group of children every day; Of course, you need enough patience and love to guide them, not reprimand and excessive punishment; You also need to write different lesson plans every day, week and month. Therefore, if you want to learn this major, you must love "kids" to do well.
Employment direction of graduates
Pre-school education graduates mainly enter kindergartens and become front-line teachers. After a few years, you can become a kindergarten manager or engage in teaching and education management in the preschool education system. In addition to the field of preschool education, there are preschool graduates from various educational institutions related to children, infant products development companies and various preschool teacher training institutions. For example, graduates with entrepreneurial intentions can set up their own preschool and early education institutions for children aged 0-6 after accumulating relevant experience. In addition, graduates who want to further their studies can apply for master's degrees in preschool education, pedagogy and primary education.
Third, the application guide
There are many pre-school education colleges with different training directions.
According to the data of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Information Platform, pre-school education is offered in both undergraduate colleges and higher vocational colleges, with more than 350 undergraduate colleges and 520 higher vocational colleges. The history of preschool education in these institutions is long and short, and the orientation and orientation of training are also different.
According to the teacher of Capital Normal University, preschool education at undergraduate level can be roughly divided into three levels; 1. Preschool education majors, mainly Nanjing Normal University, Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University and Northeast Normal University, mainly train preschool education professionals who can continue their studies. Its training orientation is the orientation of continuing education, the training scale is generally small, and the academic orientation of talent training is outstanding. The second is to train preschool education majors for kindergarten teachers at the undergraduate level. There are mainly Hangzhou Preschool Teachers College of Zhejiang Normal University and the Preschool Education College of Capital Normal University. The preschool education major in provincial normal universities such as the School of Preschool and Primary Education of Shenyang Normal University has a large scale of training, and the practical orientation of talent training is outstanding. Third, some newly-built junior colleges are specialized in preschool education, and the scale is small, and they are also training kindergarten teachers at the undergraduate level.
At the specialist level, the Ministry of Education announced the examination and approval results of higher vocational education in 20 18 years. There are 72 new preschool education majors, and the total number of preschool education majors in higher vocational colleges exceeds 500. In 20 16, the enrollment of preschool education majors in colleges and universities in China accounted for 74% of the total, and college graduates are still the main source of preschool teachers in China. The rapid increase in the number of preschool education specialties in higher vocational colleges is a measure taken by the state to cope with the current shortage of preschool teachers, the liberalization of the two-child policy and the increase of preschool children.
Therefore, candidates who are interested in preschool education should set a good position for themselves before applying for the exam.
The combination of arts and sciences is very important to be interested in the major.
Students applying for preschool education must be physically and mentally healthy, cheerful, love children, have good conduct, be determined to teach, love learning, be willing to learn, and actively participate in social practice.
The teacher of East China Normal University said that the key to preschool education is whether candidates like and care about children, whether they are willing to understand their physical and mental development, and whether they are willing to be a teacher who gets along with children. Willing to constantly learn various skills and theories, willing to express and communicate, dare to try and practice, and be able to accept challenges. Someone who has at least some interest in children and psychological development and education. You need to have the basic qualities as a teacher, such as expression ability, communication ability, continuous learning ability, reflection ability and broad mind. After coming in, you should learn some skills such as painting, playing the piano, dancing, vocal music, etc., but the foundation of artistic skills is not mandatory when you apply for the exam. This major is mainly to cultivate students' comprehensive quality in all aspects, and the requirements for a certain skill are not very high. As long as you are interested in this aspect, you can study slowly after entering school.
Physical conditions and special requirements
Preschool education majors also have certain requirements for candidates' physical conditions. According to "Guiding Opinions on Physical Examination of Enrollment in Colleges and Universities", students with mild abnormal color vision (commonly known as weak color) may not be admitted to this major. In addition, if both ears are hearing within 3 meters, or one ear is hearing within 5 meters, and the other ear is completely deaf, it is not suitable for preschool education. As the teacher of Hunan Normal University said, according to the requirements of applying for kindergarten teacher qualification certificate, candidates who are color blind or weak must apply carefully.
In addition, some pre-school education majors in colleges and universities need to be interviewed in advance. Colleges and universities only accept candidates who have passed the interview, or only accept candidates who have professional volunteers at the time of admission, and do not transfer admission. For example, Capital Normal University stipulates in its 20 18 undergraduate enrollment charter that the majors of primary education, preschool education, art (primary education teachers) and music (primary education teachers) admitted in Beijing in advance need interviews; Candidates who fail the interview will not be admitted.
Therefore, candidates should carefully read the enrollment regulations of the institutions they apply for.