To carry out purposeful education for students is to start students' internal needs and turn them into activity motivation. The use of motivation refers to meeting the needs of students through various external stimuli, so that individuals can really generate motivation and lead to behavior. Research shows that reward, punishment, competition, feedback and other factors all play an incentive role in stimulating students' activity motivation. But when using these incentives to stimulate students' learning motivation, they must be scientific and effective.
1. Timely feedback
Feedback is to let students know their learning achievements, let students see their progress and shortcomings, so as to improve their learning enthusiasm, overcome their shortcomings and increase their efforts. The use of feedback should be timely and comprehensive, focusing on positive feedback; For students with unsatisfactory academic performance, priority should be given to praise and encouragement to enhance their self-confidence in learning.
2. Scientific use of rewards and punishments
The rewards and punishments here mainly refer to praise and criticism. Experiments show that making good use of praise and criticism is helpful to stimulate students' learning motivation. Therefore, when praising and criticizing students, we should pay attention to: praise more, criticize less, combine praise with strict requirements and encourage criticism; We should consider the historical situation of students' praise and criticism; We should consider the attitude of students being praised and criticized; We should consider the harmony between teachers and students and the possible effect of mutual respect on praise and criticism; When using praise and criticism, we should also pay attention to the age characteristics and individual differences of students. In short, teachers' praise and criticism of students should be objective and realistic, which can play a positive role in stimulating students' learning motivation. Some scholars also put forward several principles for effective use of rewards and punishments: (1) diluting the external control function of rewards; (2) Rewards should be consistent with students' actual efforts; (3) A clear incentive mechanism should be established; (4) The reward method should adapt to the age characteristics of students; (5) Rewards should be based on spiritual rewards, supplemented by material rewards; (6) The punishment should be practical and avoid turning over "old accounts"; (7) Never take punishment as a means for teachers to retaliate and vent their anger; (8) Don't physically punish students; (9) Adhere to positive education.
3. Develop a reasonable learning competition.
Competition is an effective means to stimulate students' learning motivation and improve their learning enthusiasm. Research shows that in the process of learning knowledge, some reasonable competition activities can enhance students' achievement motivation, interest in learning and perseverance in overcoming difficulties. The age characteristics of students, the difficulty of the competition and the frequency of the competition activities should be considered in developing the learning competition reasonably, and the psychological pressure of students should not be increased because of the competition; In the competition, students should be divided into groups with high, medium and low abilities as far as possible, so that every student has a chance to win; Competition should also be combined with appraisal and reward to consolidate the results of the competition. In short, only when the competition meets the psychological needs of students' self-esteem, achievement and self-expression, can students be motivated to study hard and be positive.
In short, there are many ways to stimulate and cultivate students' learning motivation, which can be summarized as external motivation and internal motivation. External incentives focus on creating various external conditions (such as feedback, rewards and punishments, competition, etc.). ), while internal motivation focuses on stimulating learning motivation with various internal psychological factors (such as demand, curiosity, interest, self-esteem and self-confidence, etc.). ).