Worker safety education
The forms or contents of workers' safety education generally include "three-level education", special operations workers' education, regular safety education, "four innovations", "post adjustment" and "return to work" safety education, and school and training class education.
1. "Higher Education"
"Three-level education" refers to factory education, workshop education and post education.
(1) On-site education: new workers (including students who come to the factory for production practice and labor, and employees transferred from other units) must be given safety education at the factory level. The main content of education is to learn relevant documents, introduce the characteristics, general situation and precautions in dangerous places of the enterprise, and introduce the general situation of enterprise safety production. Attention should be paid to the importance of safety production from both positive and negative aspects when introducing, so that new workers can receive preliminary safety education.
According to the complexity of the production equipment, the number of people and the education level of the enterprise, the education mode is carried out in different ways. If the number is small, you can talk alone to explain the safety rules and specify to read the relevant documents. If there are more people, you can take a group class.
The education time is generally two days, and the safety, labor, education and security departments of the factory give lectures respectively according to their respective responsibilities.
(2) Workshop education: it is a workshop-level safety education for new workers or workers transferred to the workshop. The content of education is mainly about labor discipline in the workshop, dangerous places, toxic and harmful operations and their safety precautions; Safety production in this workshop, and typical cases of good and bad.
Generally, the workshop director or workshop safety officer is responsible for individual conversations or lectures, and the workshop safety officer leads new workers to visit the site before lectures.
Education usually lasts from half a day to one day.
(3) On-the-job education: safety education for new workers or workers who have changed jobs before starting work. Education content: the general situation of production, the nature of work and the scope of responsibilities of this workshop or security team; The nature of the production work that the new workers will be engaged in, the necessary safety knowledge, the performance and function of various mechanical equipment and its safety protection facilities; Hygienic preventive measures in the workplace and environment; Accident-prone or toxic and harmful operation points; Proper use and storage of personal protective equipment, etc. Its method generally adopts the method of "bringing the old with the new" or "mentoring". Emphasis of education: requirements for wearing labor protection articles and regulations for using safety protection articles; Machine tools and equipment are prone to accidents.
Post education time is generally not less than 8 hours (including at least half a day to review the exam), and the team leader or team safety officer and the master will explain the demonstration.
Through the three-level education, new workers or workers who have changed jobs will firmly establish the concept of safe production and be familiar with safe operation procedures from the moment they enter the factory. This will play an important role in ensuring safe production. After 6 months, general retraining education will be carried out, and examinations will be conducted after education. Test scores should be recorded on the safety education card.
2. Training of special workers
Workers engaged in special operations, such as electrical appliances, cranes, boilers, pressure vessels, gas inspectors, gas welders, commissioning workers, salt can workers, oil depot keepers, drama drug keepers, vehicle drivers, etc. , must go through special training, strict examination, and obtain the special operation safety operation certificate, can work at his post. Among them, the welding of boilers and pressure vessels, the operation of liquefied petroleum gas and the transport workers must pass the examination and certification of the local labor department. Workers engaged in punching machines and woodworking planers are more dangerous and have serious finger-breaking accidents. They must also undergo special training and be regarded as special operations. Some enterprises also stipulate that people who have not completed the required courses cannot engage in the following types of work or be responsible persons. Such as forklift driver, lifting equipment driver, initiation technician, boiler maintenance worker, person in charge of boiler installation and operation, forestry driver, person in charge of press operation, etc.
Why do special jobs have to be specially trained? Because these posts are different from other general posts, they undertake special tasks in the production process, which is very dangerous. Once an accident occurs, it will have a great impact on the production of the whole enterprise. For example, if a boiler worker does not know all kinds of safety accessories on the boiler, the performance characteristics and operation rules of the boiler, and the technical knowledge of boiler maintenance, it is easy to cause boiler explosion accidents at work, thus affecting normal production; If the gas welder does not know the performance and characteristics of oxygen and acetylene, the use and maintenance of gas cylinders and other safety knowledge, there is also the danger of explosion and fire. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the special training for these jobs. The training time is generally about 56 hours.
The training content is mainly stipulated according to the requirements of different types of work, and the educational methods vary from place to place and can be used flexibly.
3. Regular safety education
There are various ways and means of regular safety education. There are mainly safety weeks, safety activity days, safety meetings, pre-shift and post-shift meetings, lectures, discussions, broadcasts, blackboard newspapers, slogans, posters, on-site accident analysis meetings, safety education rooms, safety and health exhibitions, slide shows, TV videos, safety movies, safety knowledge contests, etc. To carry out economic safety education, we should pay attention to mastering the law of accidents and nip in the bud. If the old workers have production experience, they are easy to be careless; New employees lack knowledge of safety production and are easy to take risks; Before and after holidays, some employees are distracted and prone to accidents. At the peak of production, they grab tasks at the end of the month, the end of the season and the end of the year, and they often ignore safety, and so on. If we master these laws, we can carry out targeted safety education in time and gain the initiative of safety production.
4. Safety education of "four innovations", "returning to work" and "post adjustment"
(1) "Four Innovations" safety education. All units that adopt new technologies, new processes, new materials and trial-produce new products must put forward specific safety requirements and measures in advance, and users should educate workers engaged in operations on safety technology knowledge, and may not work alone before mastering basic performance safety knowledge.
(2) Safety education of "returning to work". The safety education of "returning to work" is mainly aimed at workers who have left their operating posts for a long time. Many units stipulate: those who have been out of work for more than half a month and have been cured after treatment; During various holidays such as sick leave, personal leave, maternity leave, etc., those who leave the operating post for more than one month (or recover from illness and the holidays have expired) should be given "return to work" safety education. The specific practices and requirements of some units are:
(1) education on "returning to work" for work-related injuries. If the work-related injury leave is less than half a month to one month, the workshop director (note: there is no workshop with only workshop sections, it is the workshop section chief) or the workshop (or workshop section) safety officer will give them "return to work" safety education.
For those who have been injured for more than one month, the factory safety department will carry out the safety education of "returning to work".
② "Return to Work" education for sick leave, personal leave, maternity leave and other holidays. If the holiday lasts for more than one month but less than three months, the workshop director (or section chief) or workshop (section) safety officer shall give them "return to work" safety education.
If the holiday lasts more than three months, the safety department of the factory will give them a "return to work" safety education.
Workers who have received the "return to work" education, after receiving safety education, will be issued a "return to work" notice by the technical department or workshop of the factory and handed over to those who can "return to work". The workshop section and team can only arrange the work after receiving the "return to work" notice from themselves.
(3) Safety education of "post adjustment". Workers are temporarily transferred to work (or post) in this workshop with temporary assistance from Party A and Party B, and their work safety education is conducted by the receiving unit.
The content and time of safety education of "four innovations", "returning to work" and "transferring posts" shall be implemented with reference to the content and time of "three-level education" or special operation safety education.
5. Safety education room (also called labor protection education room)
This is an important place for enterprises to carry out regular safety education for employees, and it is a new educational method adopted by China's labor protection work with reference to the advanced experience of Romania and Yugoslavia. At present, it is being piloted in some key enterprises and gradually promoted. According to the requirements of the labor department, every large and medium-sized enterprise should set up a safety education room in the future, and be equipped with a certain number of specialized personnel and equipment. When new workers enter the factory, they should go through safety education room education or other forms of education, and they can only take up their posts after passing the examination. Professional safety education should be given to workers engaged in dangerous operations. Step by step, every worker has a certificate issued by the safety education room, otherwise, he cannot engage in production activities. Every once in a while, the workers in the factory are trained in rotation by the safety education room, so that with the development of production technology, they can continuously improve their knowledge level and operation skills of safety technology and industrial hygiene.
6. School education and training courses
Engineering colleges, secondary specialized schools, technical schools and middle schools, business leaders training courses, economic management classes, etc. The content of safety education should be reflected in the education plan and teaching materials. Courses such as safety management, safety engineering, and technical knowledge of industrial hygiene should be offered when conditions permit, so that students can clearly establish the idea of safety in production during their study at school, master certain knowledge of safety technology, and lay a good knowledge foundation for future safety in production. In the past, China has done some work in this field, but it has not received due attention. There is little basic knowledge about safety production in all kinds of teaching materials, and the content about safety management in all kinds of enterprise management training courses and factory director training courses is even rarer. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen this work in the future. In order to systematically train safety management cadres, safety management engineers and safety technical engineers, it is necessary to set up safety management (or labor protection management) and safety technology majors in colleges and universities. A few colleges and universities in China have set up this major. With the development of higher education, this work will inevitably be strengthened.
In terms of doing a good job in safety education, although the forms and methods of safety education can be varied, according to the experience of many industrial and mining enterprises in China for many years, we can mainly grasp the following three points:
(1) Strengthen leadership, and leaders at all levels will personally grasp it. Strengthening leadership is an important experience of doing a good job in safety work in China for many years. To do a good job in safety education, leaders at all levels must personally grasp it under the unified leadership of the leaders in charge of production in enterprises, and put this work on the agenda and implement it in various production activities.
(2) Rely on the masses and adhere to the mass line. To do a good job in safety education, we must implement the party's mass line, rely on the masses, fully mobilize the masses, and truly build safety education on a broad mass basis. Some units have summed up the good experience of "saying one more word for safety", asking everyone to report to the leader when they see hidden dangers of accidents, to remind them when they see dangerous operations, and to dissuade them when they see behaviors that do not meet safety regulations. In addition, some units have summarized the good experience that everyone pays attention to safety and takes turns to pay attention to safety, and implemented the safety duty system for middle-level and above cadres to implement safety work in daily life. Because everyone has done safety education, educated everyone and educated themselves, so that safety education has a mass base. The good experiences and forms created by these people should be carefully summarized and popularized, and safety education should be further improved.
(3) Establish necessary safety education system. To do a good job in safety education, we must establish some necessary systems to ensure it. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state has promulgated a series of instructions and regulations on safety education, which are effective systems for doing a good job in safety education, and we must conscientiously implement them. In addition, many enterprises have established some necessary systems on how to do a good job in three-level education and safety technology education according to their specific conditions. For example, according to the different production characteristics of enterprises throughout the year, some enterprises have made provisions to carry out safety education according to seasonal characteristics. In terms of safety education, some enterprises, in view of the lessons of major accidents in their own enterprises or foreign enterprises, have made provisions to designate the day of major accidents as the safety activity day of the whole factory and carry out safety education in the whole factory. These systems have played a positive role in doing a good job in safety education and should be adhered to in the future.