In the Westernization Movement, educational activities are an important aspect. The Westernization School put forward the ideas of "advocating western learning", advocating "new education" and cultivating Westernization talents, the most important of which is to carry out science and technology education. The Westernization School attached great importance to the establishment of various Westernization schools, including foreign language schools, industrial technology schools and military schools. Famous ones are Shi Jing Wentong Guild Hall, Shanghai Guangdong Guild Hall and Fuzhou Ship Administration School. For the specific situation of these schools, you can refer to the content of our later courseware. The Westernization School, founded by the Westernization School, incorporated modern western science and technology into its curriculum system and practiced the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" advocated by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan. Therefore, the Westernization Movement made China's modern science education take an important step.
Education for studying abroad is an important part of the new education organized by the Westernization Movement, which was implemented in 1872. International students mainly study in America and Europe. These foreign students contacted the western capitalist civilization, learned the knowledge of modern natural science and production technology, and brought these new knowledge to the motherland, which promoted the development of Chinese national capitalism. The study abroad education of the Westernization School has trained a group of scientific and technological talents, which has enabled China to have the first batch of talents in the fields of machinery, shipbuilding, railways, posts and telecommunications, medicine and mining.
Westernization education brought modern western science into the curriculum system of China schools from top to bottom, and set up new schools, which played an important role in the popularization and development of science education and the scientific enlightenment of Chinese people.
Westernization Movement introduced advanced western technology, trained new talents, stimulated the emergence of Chinese national capitalist economy and resisted the invasion of western economic forces. Therefore, the Westernization Movement is progressive.
2. The program of the Constitutional Party
The League takes Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary program of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and sharing land rights equally" as the revolutionary program. Later, in the People's Daily, Dr. Sun Yat-sen expounded it as the Three People's Principles of "national character, civil rights character and people's livelihood". It is a relatively complete program of bourgeois democratic revolution in China's modern history.
3. The main historical tasks of the national bourgeoisie
Make due contributions to uniting social classes and developing socialist productive forces.
trait
The national bourgeoisie, which grew up in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, relies on foreign capitalism in its own economic strength and is also restricted by the export of goods by capitalist powers; China's natural economy and rulers are the internal factors that limit the growth of the national bourgeoisie. These conditions make the national bourgeoisie not as powerful as foreign capitalism, which determines the duality of national capitalism and exists from beginning to end.
Duality and revolutionary compromise of the national bourgeoisie
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4. The content and significance of the literary revolution.
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The literary revolution began at 19 17.
It is the development of the literary reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty under gratifying historical conditions, and it is adapted to the new cultural movement with ideological revolution as its main content. In the history of China literature, a distinct boundary marker was erected, marking the end of classical literature and the beginning of modern literature.
19 15, Youth magazine was founded in Shanghai (renamed as New Youth for the second time), and the New Culture Movement began. 19 19, the whole new culture and new literature movement was pushed to a climax by the general trend of the May 4th Movement.
As the beginning of the comprehensive modernization of modern literature and culture, the significance of the literary revolutionary movement is enormous.
First of all, the May 4th New Culture Movement is regarded as an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of China, and the literary revolution, as an integral part of this movement, fundamentally negates the traditional cultural system ruled by feudal ideology, promotes new ideas and concepts such as personality liberation, human consciousness, freedom and equality, and plays a great role in the in-depth development of the New Culture Movement.
Secondly, in the process of China's modern cultural transformation, it laid the foundation for vernacular Chinese to eventually become the modern national language of China. After the vernacular movement and literary revolution in the late Qing Dynasty, vernacular Chinese was finally brought into the official education system as a modern "national language" in 1920. 65438+ 10, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government ordered the first and second grades of national schools to adopt vernacular Chinese, which undoubtedly recognized the legitimacy of the literary revolution and, more importantly, became an opportunity for the transformation of national culture.
Thirdly, it broke the isolated and closed pattern of China literature and established close ties with world literature. The literary revolution completely changed its attitude towards foreign cultures. With an extremely open mind, it constantly translated and introduced foreign modern literature and cultural ideas, forming a large-scale cultural absorption trend. It is in this trend of cultural introduction that various ideas and theories from the West found a popular market in modern China in the early 20th century, which not only influenced and constructed the style of modern literary creation, but also influenced and constructed China's pursuit and vision of modernization, until today.