1. The position of psychology in primary and secondary education Mental health education is an education that educators use the theories and techniques of psychology, pedagogy, sociology and even psychiatry to cultivate students' good psychological quality, improve their psychological function and give full play to their psychological potential through various ways and methods, thus promoting the overall improvement of students' overall quality and the harmonious development of their personalities. In recent years, mental health education in primary and secondary schools has gradually attracted extensive attention from all sides. How to carry out mental health education in primary and secondary schools scientifically and effectively has become an unavoidable problem for primary and secondary school educators. 1. Mental health education is the need of students' psychological development and the important content of implementing quality education. With the development of students' psychology and the expansion of communication scope, the psychological problems of primary and secondary school students are mainly manifested as maladjustment rather than mental illness. These problems are particularly common among middle school students. If they are not helped and solved in time, some will develop into psychological barriers. At present, children in China do have some psychological and behavioral problems, but many of them are developmental problems brought about by changes in social environment. Moreover, children now face many problems that children have never encountered in the past. Adapting to this change is not only a task for them, but also a task for adults. Therefore, we should objectively and historically realize the importance of scientific mental health education. Prevention is better than cure. Mental health education in primary and secondary schools should focus on the healthy development of students and safeguard people's mental health. We can define the tasks of the school as follows: first, mental health education, whose main task is to cultivate and exercise the psychological quality of teenagers; Secondly, psychological consultation is the psychological demand of the clients and a self-demand of people with certain psychological problems; The third is psychotherapy, that is, special psychotherapy that people with serious mental illness need. The third situation generally occurs less in adolescence. Therefore, psychotherapy should not be the main task of the school. "Prevention is better than cure". Schools should provide students with a healthy growth environment and scientific and effective educational means, which is much more important than correcting students' psychological problems. Mental health education in primary and secondary schools should focus on students' health and development, not problem correction. Correcting students' psychological problems is only a negative purpose, while prevention and development are positive purposes. School psychological counseling is not only to prevent students from all kinds of abnormal psychology and behavior, but also to help students achieve the best state of psychological function, the perfect development of personality and the greatest development of psychological potential. 3. To strengthen mental health education in primary and secondary schools, it is imperative to change the concept of education, recognize the concept of mental health education, recognize the fundamental purpose of mental health education, and adhere to the coordinated development of students' psychological elements. At present, what is the fundamental purpose of mental health education in primary and secondary schools? Some schools still have a vague understanding, and some schools regard mental health education as a means to improve the enrollment rate, all of which focus on improving academic performance and only pay attention to learning psychological education. For example, IQ test, learning anxiety test, learning method guidance, psychological adjustment before exams, etc. The main contents of mental health education in primary and secondary schools should include: learning psychological education, emotional education, adolescent education, interpersonal guidance, the cultivation of sound personality, the cultivation of anti-frustration ability and the cultivation of students' self-psychology. The three levels of mental health education are: first, to maintain students' mental health; Second, cultivate students' sound personality; Third, develop students' psychological potential. Through mental health education, students can take care of themselves in life, be self-disciplined in action, be introspective in evaluation, be self-controlled in mentality and be emotionally satisfied. Second, the role of psychology in teaching practice. Humans can transform the world and create new things, mainly because people can constantly understand the development law of objective things in practice and act according to the objective laws. If teachers and educators want to make education and teaching more effective, they must constantly discover, grasp and correctly apply the laws existing in the process of education and teaching. As an applied discipline, psychology pays more attention to studying and revealing the specific laws existing in education and teaching practice, thus directly providing guidance for school education. For example, David Pawl Ausubel (19 18 ~), an American educational psychologist, conducted an experiment in 1957, and found that students intentionally prepare for long-term memory before reading, which has better learning effect than after reading. Once teachers understand this rule, they will remind students not to study materials only for the current exam, but to master materials for long-term study or application. Only in this way can knowledge be maintained for a long time. The role of psychology in educational practice is reflected in the following aspects: 1. One of the most basic tasks to help teachers accurately understand the research of problem psychology is to describe and measure the psychological phenomena in the process of learning and teaching qualitatively and quantitatively, and to reveal their internal relations and laws, which not only solves the problems of "what" and "why". The research shows that students' achievement motivation includes the tendency to avoid failure, the tendency to succeed, the tendency to overcome difficulties and the tendency to compete in society, and the combination of these four tendencies shows the qualitative characteristics of achievement motivation; The score indicating the strength of each tendency is characterized by the amount of achievement motivation. Different qualitative and quantitative characteristics will lead to different learning behaviors and effects. The study further shows that students will choose more valuable and challenging tasks when the tendency to succeed is dominant. This knowledge will enable teachers to have a more accurate understanding of the different learning behaviors of different students. In addition, the situation of students varies widely. Once learning difficulties appear, psychology can adopt various methods to help teachers understand the reasons for the difficulties. Teachers can use psychological theories and research methods to trace the root of students' learning difficulties or related problems in the process of psychological development, and accurately understand students, so as to adopt targeted methods to promote students' academic progress and mental health development. Psychology also helps teachers to form a new scientific understanding of educational phenomena. In particular, the traditional and conventional teaching methods and teaching behaviors are analyzed and studied, and a more scientific point of view is put forward. 2. Provide scientific theoretical guidance for practical teaching. Psychology provides general principles or skills for practical teaching. Teachers can combine the actual teaching content, teaching objects, teaching materials, teaching environment and so on. And turn these principles into specific teaching procedures or activities. For example, according to the study of the law of learning motivation, students' learning motivation can be cultivated and stimulated by creating problem situations, giving positive feedback and properly controlling the level of motivation in classroom teaching. According to the law of learning transfer, measures can be taken to promote the transfer in the selection of teaching content and the arrangement of teaching procedures. 3. Help teachers predict and interfere with students' application of psychological principles. Teachers can not only correctly analyze and understand students, but also predict students' behavior or development direction, and take corresponding intervention or preventive measures to achieve the expected results. That is to solve the problem of how to do it. Psychologists often predict what a student will do according to the theories and laws of psychology and his present or past behavior. For example, if a psychologist knows students' general intelligence, learning strategies and learning motivation, he can predict students' academic performance in school more accurately. Behavior prediction is bound to be accompanied by behavior intervention. For example, according to the level of students' intellectual development, providing more substantial environment and teaching content for children with extraordinary intelligence or special talents is more conducive to their full development potential; Provide extra help or effective specific corrective measures for students with mental retardation or learning difficulties, so as to maximize their development. Third, the role of psychology in quality education 1. Quality and quality education From the psychological point of view, the so-called quality refers to the elements, structure and quality level of a relatively stable physical and mental organization formed and developed under the influence of environment and education. It not only refers to the physical and mental potential that can be developed, but also refers to the internalization and deposition of the achievements of material civilization and spiritual civilization in the individual physical and mental structure, which marks the overall quality level of individuals or groups. China's "Outline of Education Reform and Development" clearly points out that talents needed by society must have the following four basic qualities: ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, labor skills quality and physical and mental quality. Among the four basic qualities, physical quality and psychological quality are the most basic qualities, which can also be said to be the core of basic qualities, because the development of individual natural genetic quality and potential and the internalization of social and cultural experience must be reflected through individual physical and psychological integration. The so-called quality education is to fully explore people's natural conditions through scientific educational channels, improve people's various quality levels, and get a comprehensive, full and harmonious education. Individual's physical and mental characteristics, such as health, ideals, beliefs, interests and abilities, are not only the concrete embodiment of quality, but also the basis for forming good ideological and moral quality and acquiring scientific and cultural knowledge and labor skills. Therefore, an important part of quality education is to shape students' healthy mind and strong body. 2. Psychology provides theoretical guidance for quality education. The reason why quality education can be advocated is that quality itself has two obvious characteristics: one is the innate basis and acquired nature of quality. That is, education and environment can affect or even change the quality of individuals or groups; Second, the "internalization" mechanism of quality formation, that is, external factors such as specific social needs, moral norms, norms, knowledge, culture and technology, can be transformed into relatively stable physical and mental elements, structures and qualities of individuals. The innate nature of quality requires human beings to pay attention to the quality of fertility, while the acquired and internalized nature of quality tells us that quality is not static, and external factors can be transformed into the internal structure of individuals under certain conditions. So, how do external factors translate into internal structure and quality? Psychology believes that the individual's physical and mental development has its inherent regularity. To influence or interfere with the individual's physical and mental development, external factors must match the internal development law, and any education that goes beyond or does not adapt to the development law often cannot play its due role. 3. Psychology provides an effective way for quality education. How to implement quality education is a hot issue in current education. Changing the educational concept, reforming the examination system, reforming the course materials and improving the quality of educators are all indispensable and important ways. However, it should be noted that we should also emphasize shaping people's healthy physique and good personality characteristics. In this respect, psychology provides us with effective ways and methods. The knowledge of cognitive ability, personality psychology and physical and mental health in psychology shows the gradual process of individual physical and mental development and its influencing factors, points out the critical period of physical and mental development, reminds educators of what to do and what not to do, and makes educators have rules to follow and laws to follow in education and teaching activities. For example, when it comes to the cultivation of good moral quality, the law of moral development in psychology tells us that the key to shaping moral quality lies in the influence of adult behavior and social environment, and the orientation of moral formation is different at different ages. /kloc-children before the age of 0/0 obey the rules because they are afraid of being punished or want to be rewarded; 10- 15-year-old children hope to be recognized by adults, and gradually establish a view of right and wrong, group guidance and obedience to authority in their minds, so as to consciously abide by the norms and initially establish their ideological character; /kloc-After the age of 0/5, teenagers begin to establish the orientation of legal concepts and values, realize the dignity of human nature, judge right and wrong by their own conscience, and the development of moral quality gradually matures. Because the development of moral quality is restricted by its own moral orientation, moral education should be targeted, young children should have strengthened measures, and older children should emphasize persuasion and emotional education. The important aspects of ideological and moral education are the role model of adults and the subtle influence of social environment. The quality of teachers and parents, the social atmosphere and the purification of cultural media all directly affect the formation of students' ideological and moral quality. The research content of modern psychology involves individual and group cognitive activities, emotional activities, will activities, outlook on life and values, and so on. For example, learning problems in cognitive activities, modern psychology knowledge about how to cultivate learning interest, how to enhance memory, how to organize and process knowledge, and what factors affect learning effect. Are elaborated in detail. Mastering this knowledge is very helpful to form a good scientific and cultural quality. 4. The role of school mental health educators in schools According to foreign materials and the practice of school psychology in China in recent years, school mental health educators play four roles in school education and teaching: the provider of mental health, the assistant of moral education, the assistant of study and the guide of career choice. The first is to be a health care provider of students' mental health. It is the primary task of school psychologists to educate students on mental health and cultivate their good psychological quality. Whether it's measurement and evaluation, school psychological counseling, behavior correction, or all kinds of counseling, it's all about being a good mental health care doctor for students. Followed by moral education instructors. School psychologists are an important force in school moral education. In school, there are not only positive moral education work, but also the correction of bad moral character. Through positive education, cultivate all kinds of good moral behavior habits, and the third is the tutor of students' learning. This kind of guidance contains two meanings. On the first level, school mental health educators face all students and give them guidance on learning methods and learning strategies to help them master correct learning methods and improve students' learning efficiency. This work is usually carried out by the majority of primary and secondary school teachers. On the second level, school mental health educators mainly provide corresponding counseling and correction for students with learning disabilities. Learning disability is a common problem among primary and secondary school students, which will seriously hinder their physical and mental development. Usually, parents and teachers often think that these students are not enthusiastic about learning, or have problems with their intellectual development, and take measures such as preaching, coercion and even ridicule. The result is even worse, so that these students have no interest in learning and the gap with other students is getting bigger and bigger. This is a consulting field where school mental health educators can and should give full play to their professional expertise. Finally, the tutor chooses a career. When students graduate from junior high school or high school, more than 70% of them will enter the society, take part in China's pre-job technical training or directly engage in social labor, so it is very important for these teenagers to choose a suitable career. However, due to the lack of self-awareness and social experience, these teenagers can't correctly understand and choose their own careers, which is a waste of resources for themselves and society. As a mental health educator in school, how to help teenagers understand their career interests and master the skills of choosing a job should be an important aspect of their work, especially under the special national conditions of China. Note: You can delete paragraphs 1 and 4, because I don't think it has anything to do with what you asked.