Difference:
First, educational purposes are different.
Herbart emphasized that education is the preparation for people's future life; Dewey put forward the theory of aimless education. He opposes the external, fixed and ultimate educational purpose. In Dewey's view, the external educational purpose is imposed, and children's instincts and needs cannot be fully considered; The fixed educational purpose lacks flexibility and cannot adapt to the changing specific situation. "There is no purpose outside the educational process itself; It is its own purpose. " "Education is growth; There is no other purpose outside itself. " This is Dewey's most famous teleology of education.
Second, the status of teachers and students is different.
Herbart emphasizes the "old three-centered theory", that is, teachers, textbooks and classrooms. He emphasized that teachers are the center, teachers are the main body and students are in a passive position; Dewey put forward the "new three-centered theory", that is, children, activities and experience. He emphasized the child-centered theory, and the whole education process should be child-centered and require respect for children's nature.
Third, the curriculum is different.
Herbart emphasizes taking systematic knowledge as the center, attaching importance to subject learning and ignoring students' life experience. Based on his empiricism philosophy, Dewey put forward the curriculum theory of "learning by doing" and learning from experience. Dewey has always opposed taking textbooks written by adults and experts as the important content of education, and advocated taking children's direct experience as the starting point of education. He emphasized the organization, abstraction and generalization of direct experience.
Fourth, the teaching methods are different.
Herbart emphasizes teachers' teaching, and Dewey attaches great importance to this teaching method of learning by doing or learning from experience. This method emphasizes that teaching must consider the characteristics of children's natural development, children's acceptance ability and individual differences, children's needs and demands in teaching, and let children learn actively.
Fifth, the teaching emphasis is different.
Herbart emphasizes students' mastery of knowledge. Dewey is very concerned about the cultivation and training of students' thinking ability. He requires students to master scientific thinking methods.
Sixth, the teaching process is different.
In the teaching process, Dewey put forward five stages of cognitive development based on students' learning by doing: five steps: difficulty, question, hypothesis, verification and conclusion. Some people call it the five-step teaching method. Herbart tried to explain the teaching process according to psychology, put forward four stages: clarity, association, system and method, and revealed some laws of classroom teaching.
Similarities:
Herbart and Dewey lived in different times, so there must be many differences in their educational thoughts. Education itself has historical inheritance, so their educational thoughts are similar.
First, it is emphasized that people trained by education serve social development;
Second, everyone attaches importance to students' moral education;
Third, emphasize the teaching stage and analyze the teaching process-Herbart put forward the three-stage theory and Dewey put forward the five-step thinking method or five-step inquiry method.
The above is an introduction to the similarities and differences between Herbart and Dewey's educational thoughts, hoping to help everyone.
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