Neonatal adulthood refers to the period from adolescence to adulthood (age 18-25 years old). Research shows that this may be a kind of cultural construction. More traditional non-western cultures may shorten adulthood, or have no adulthood at all, because these cultures tend to pay more attention to practices that lead to early transition to adulthood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emerging adults in China culture, including (1) the standard type that young people in China think adults are necessary, (2) the behavior types that emerging adults in China engage in, and (3) identity-related issues. Participants in this study are 207 students from Beijing Normal University. These results provide evidence to support the view that early adulthood is influenced by culture. The results show that most college students in China (1) think that they have reached the status of adults in their early twenties, (2) they have the specific cultural standards of adult status, (3) they tend to engage in behavior, and some of their beliefs and values are different from those of emerging adults in western culture.
Mainly in three aspects, namely family, society and school.
Personally, I think family is the most important factor, and some data show that the main reason leading to students' psychological factors comes from family. Family is the environment in which a person lives since childhood, which easily affects the psychological quality of college students.
Society is the second. Modern society has complex components and all kinds of people, which is hard to accept for college students who have just left society, leading to serious psychological problems.
The proportion of schools is relatively small, but many friends have heard of the school bullying incident, which has also brought many psychological problems to students.
There are two kinds of college students, one is students at school, and I think there are mainly family reasons, one is socio-economic reasons, and the other is social self-taught candidates. Some people think they are relaxed, but in fact I find it difficult for them to influence them. They are out of school for various reasons and become socialized, which can be said to be nuanced. If they don't work hard, they can only be eliminated by society.
I am also a college student. I think the factors that affect college students' mental health are mainly reflected in: environmental changes, psychological research shows that great changes in the individual's environment will also make individuals feel psychological pressure; Academic expectations, great changes in college students' learning methods, learning contents and learning habits; Interpersonal relationship, compared with middle school students, college students' interpersonal relationship is more extensive and profound, and their roles are diversified. If we want to elaborate on the knowledge points I have consulted, there are many factors that affect college students' mental health, mainly including genetic factors, physiological factors, environmental factors, educational factors and personal subjective factors.
First, genetic factors.
Heredity refers to the collective physical and anatomical structure and skill characteristics passed from one generation to the next. Generally speaking, people's psychological activities can't be inherited, but they are a whole with body and mind, and are closely related to genetic factors. The characteristics of a person's body, temperament, intelligence, nerves and other processes are all restricted by genetic factors.
Genetic factors are also an important cause of mental illness.
Second, physiological factors.
Physiological factors mainly refer to the characteristics of human body and nervous system. Finding physical problems is also an important factor causing psychological problems. First of all, the mother's physical illness, malnutrition and bad mood during pregnancy may affect the child's health and physical development, and then affect the normal development of her mental function. Secondly, the changes of brain neurotransmitters will also have an important impact on people's psychological state and mental illness. Third, maintaining people's mental health depends on the normal physiological functions of the brain and the whole nervous system.
Due to genetic factors, a few college students have congenital physical defects in appearance, figure, height and fatness. Or because of poor physical fitness and illness, I often feel at a loss in the process of learning and training; Or because of their own personality defects, such as introversion, narrow-minded, withdrawn and closed, impatient and impulsive, stubborn and suspicious. These factors can easily make college students feel "I am inferior to others", which will cause serious psychological load over time. In this vicious circle, their psychological endurance will become worse and worse.
Third, environmental factors.
Environmental factors, including natural environment and social environment, will also affect people's mental health. Various factors in the social environment, such as social system, working conditions, social relations and interpersonal communication, will also affect people's mental health. The pressure of living environment.
The change of living environment is the basis of promoting the psychological change of the whole person. From middle school to college, the most touching thing is to change an environment and start an independent but collective life. It requires college students not only to take care of themselves, but also to have dedication. However, because most contemporary college students are only children, many people feel lonely for the first time because of their lack of self-care ability and unaccustomed to collective life, and often feel depressed and anxious. The pressure of living environment.
The change of living environment is the basis of promoting the psychological change of the whole person. From middle school to college, the most touching thing is to change an environment and start an independent but collective life. It requires college students not only to take care of themselves, but also to have dedication. However, because most contemporary college students are only children, many people feel lonely for the first time because of their lack of self-care ability and unaccustomed to collective life, and often feel depressed and anxious.
4. Educational factors
Educational factors include family education, school education and social education.
Family education includes family atmosphere, family structure, parents' requirements for children, educational ideas and so on. (1) Parents' expected stress.
In today's society, parents' desire for success is widespread. For the sake of their children's further education, such as entering a university, going to graduate school or studying abroad, many parents do whatever it takes. Parents' strong expectations, on the one hand, can become the motivation for college students to study hard, but on the other hand, it may be counterproductive and become an unbearable psychological burden for college students. (2) the pressure of economic difficulties. In the period of economic system transition, the income gap caused by urban-rural differences and unfair social distribution is also manifested among college students. As far as poor students in colleges and universities are concerned, although no one wants to be labeled as "poor students", they can't escape the reality that there is a great contrast between them and students from big cities in terms of food, clothing, housing, behavior and behavior. In addition to participating in academic competitions, I have to bear the economic pressure brought by high tuition and living expenses. Many poor students have to rely on work-study programs to maintain their study and life. Therefore, their psychological burden is obvious.
School education includes all aspects:
Many students will suddenly lose self-confidence and feel that they are useless after being admitted to college. This psychological loss is first of all due to the change of competitors. In universities with "masters like forests", most of the "top students" in the past are no longer top-notch. In addition, in the university, the content of the competition is not limited to academic performance, but also includes vision knowledge, stylistic expertise, social skills, organizational skills and so on. In this case, it is easy for college students to have a huge psychological gap and deny themselves as a whole. Secondly, it is manifested in the change of learning methods and methods. In middle school, most students are accustomed to teachers' detailed explanations and specific guidance, so they have poor self-study ability and strong dependence. In college, besides attending classes and acquiring knowledge from teachers, self-study occupies a very important position. It requires students not only to have strong self-study ability, learning consciousness, autonomy and self-control, but also to learn research-based learning, be good at finding and asking questions, and be flexible in college examination methods. These changes often make college students who are rote-memorizing, hidebound and lack the ability to use knowledge flexibly encounter more setbacks.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) personal subjective factors
Whether a person's psychology is healthy or not is not only related to various factors of the objective environment, but also related to personal subjective factors. Personal self-awareness, personality characteristics, outlook on life and values, and attitude towards things will all have an impact on their mental health.
In practice, we believe that we should grasp the mental health of college students from the following aspects:
One is normal intelligence. This is the basic psychological condition for college students to study, live and work, and it is also a necessary psychological guarantee to adapt to the changes in the surrounding environment. Therefore, when measuring, the key lies in whether they play their role normally and fully: that is, they have a strong thirst for knowledge, are willing to learn and can actively participate in learning activities.
The second is emotional health. Its hallmark is emotional stability and a happy mood. The contents include: happy emotions are more than negative emotions, optimistic, cheerful, full of vitality and full of hope for life; Emotional stability, good at controlling and regulating their emotions, both restraint and reasonable venting; Emotional response adapts to the environment.
The third is a sound will. Will is a psychological process of choice, decision and execution when people complete a purposeful activity. People with voices will show a high degree of consciousness, decisiveness, resilience and self-control in their actions. College students with a sound voice will have a conscious purpose in all kinds of activities, be able to make decisions in time and use practical and prepared ways to solve the problems they encounter, be able to take reasonable responses when facing difficulties and setbacks, and be able to control their emotions in action, and be consistent in words and deeds, instead of blindly acting and being timid and stubborn.
The fourth is the integrity of personality. Personality refers to the sum of individual's relatively stable psychological characteristics. Personality perfection refers to having a sound and unified personality, that is, what individuals think, say and do is harmonious and consistent. First, the elements of personality structure are complete and unified; Have a correct self-awareness, do not have the confusion of self-identity, take a positive outlook on life as the core of personality, and unify your own needs, goals and actions as the center.
Fifth, the self-evaluation is correct. Correct self-evaluation is an important condition for college students' mental health. College students and self-observation, self-identification, self-judgment and self-evaluation, should have a correct understanding of themselves and put the facts in their proper position. They are not proud of being superior to others in some aspects, nor ashamed of being inferior to others in some aspects. They can accept themselves, like themselves, accept themselves, be self-respecting, stand on their own feet, love themselves and face up to reality.
Sixth, interpersonal harmony. Good and deep interpersonal relationship is the premise of successful career and happy life. Its performance is as follows. Willing to associate with others, having extensive and profound interpersonal relationships and intimate friends; Maintain an independent and complete personality in communication, be self-aware and self-evident, and be neither humble nor supercilious; Can objectively evaluate others and oneself, be good at learning from others' strengths to make up for their weaknesses, be tolerant and helpful, have more positive attitudes than negative ones, and have correct communication motives.
Seventh, the society adapts to normal. Individuals maintain a good order with the objective reality environment. Only by objective observation can we get a correct understanding, effectively deal with all kinds of difficulties in the environment and not shrink back. According to the characteristics of the environment and self-awareness, we should make efforts to coordinate or transform the environment to meet individual needs and transform ourselves to adapt to the environment.
Eighth, psychological behavior conforms to the age characteristics of college students. College students are a special group at a specific age, and they should have psychological and behavioral characteristics corresponding to their age and role.
To sum up, there are mainly the following aspects: 1. Social environmental factors (1) pressure of social competition. With the changes of our society, the in-depth development of various reforms, and the introduction of competition in personnel training and employment system, college students are facing various competitive pressures. For example, in the period of economic transition and social transition, the unified distribution of college graduates has become a two-way choice in the talent market. This major change in the graduation distribution system will have a strong impact on college students' sense of superiority. In addition, many domestic institutions are carrying out personnel system reform, the number of laid-off workers in society is increasing year by year, and the unhealthy trend of social employment makes college students feel desolate. For me, the original sense of superiority and beautiful ideals are rejected in front of the law of interests, and conceit and impetuousness are despised by the law of competition. This sense of loss can easily lead to psychological problems of college students. (2) Cognitive problems caused by information contradiction. College students are in the period of long body, long knowledge and learning to be human beings, and are in the process of forming world outlook, outlook on life and values, which is highly plastic. With the advent of the network information age, all aspects of information are complicated and mixed. However, due to immature thinking, lack of experience and insufficient intellectual support, college students' ability to process information is not strong, which leads to fierce contradictions and conflicts between theory and reality. If these contradictions and conflicts are not resolved in time, psychological obstacles or problems will arise. 2. School environmental factors (1) living environment pressure. The change of living environment is the basis of promoting the psychological change of the whole person. From middle school to college, the most touching thing is to change an environment and start an independent but collective life. It requires college students not only to take care of themselves, but also to have dedication. However, because most contemporary college students are only children, many people feel lonely for the first time because of their lack of self-care ability and unaccustomed to collective life, and often feel depressed and anxious. (2) The pressure of the learning environment. Many students will suddenly lose self-confidence and feel that they are useless after being admitted to college. This psychological loss is first of all due to the change of competitors. In universities with "masters like forests", most of the "top students" in the past are no longer top-notch. In addition, in the university, the content of the competition is not limited to academic performance, but also includes vision knowledge, stylistic expertise, social skills, organizational skills and so on. In this case, it is easy for college students to have a huge psychological gap and deny themselves as a whole. Secondly, it is manifested in the change of learning methods and methods. In middle school, most students are accustomed to teachers' detailed explanations and specific guidance, so they have poor self-study ability and strong dependence. In college, besides attending classes and acquiring knowledge from teachers, self-study occupies a very important position. It requires students not only to have strong self-study ability, learning consciousness, autonomy and self-control, but also to learn research-based learning, be good at finding and asking questions, and be flexible in college examination methods. These changes often make college students who are rote-memorizing, hidebound and lack the ability to use knowledge flexibly encounter more setbacks. (3) Personal emotional stress. At present, college students in China are in the middle of adolescence and are sensitive to sexual problems. They are eager to make friends with the opposite sex and get friendship and even love from the opposite sex. However, the contradiction between physical precocity and psychological lag often leads to the deviation between needing love and understanding love. On the one hand, college students' physical maturity makes people germinate sexual consciousness and have a desire for love, but morality, discipline and law restrict this desire, so there is a sharp contradiction and conflict between demand and satisfaction, and psychological balance is lost. On the other hand, because college students' world outlook and outlook on life are relatively unstable, they have not established a correct view of love, so there are phenomena such as love triangle, unrequited love, lovelorn love, forced love and sexual psychopathy. If these emotional pressures are not relieved and adjusted in time and effectively, they may cause psychological imbalance and serious mental illness. (4) The pressure of interpersonal relationship The university campus is a crowded place, so college students are also faced with all kinds of complicated interpersonal relationships. Students in a university come from different regions, with different cultural backgrounds and values, and the differences in personality and habits are more prominent. Students are prone to interpersonal friction and conflict, which can not be properly solved by themselves, resulting in communication obstruction. There are also some college students who are troubled by the lack of communication skills and abilities and have different degrees of interpersonal anxiety. 3. Family environment factors (1) parents' expected pressure. In today's society, parents' desire for success is widespread. For the sake of their children's further education, such as entering a university, going to graduate school or studying abroad, many parents do whatever it takes. Parents' strong expectations, on the one hand, can become the motivation for college students to study hard, but on the other hand, it may be counterproductive and become an unbearable psychological burden for college students. (2) the pressure of economic difficulties. In the period of economic system transition, the income gap caused by urban-rural differences and unfair social distribution is also manifested among college students. As far as poor students in colleges and universities are concerned, although no one wants to be labeled as "poor students", they can't escape the reality that there is a great contrast between them and students from big cities in terms of food, clothing, housing, behavior and behavior. In addition to participating in academic competitions, I have to bear the economic pressure brought by high tuition and living expenses. Many poor students have to rely on work-study programs to maintain their study and life. Therefore, their psychological burden is obvious.
I think the most important thing is that college students are alone outside and their families are not around. Their negative emotions are inevitable and cannot be ruled out. Every little makes a mickle.
I think people around me have a great influence on themselves, and their emotions are contagious. When they are with people with positive mental health, their psychology will be affected to some extent. Establish your own correct values and world outlook!
Money? Roommate relationship? Classmate relationship? Teacher-student relationship? Community relations? Love relationship? Family relationship? achievement
The transition from school life to social life, the adaptability of social interpersonal communication, the adaptability to complex pressure, the imbalance of income and expenditure after entering the society, the expected pressure from family members, and the psychological endurance of fighting.