1. 1 Understanding of preschool children and preschool education psychology
Preschool pedagogy mainly studies the educational laws of children aged 0-6. Early childhood education psychology mainly studies the characteristics of children's psychological development, including cognitive and social development characteristics, and then studies the educational law of children aged 0-6 according to these two development characteristics of children. These two majors can be said to cross and penetrate each other. Preschool pedagogy focuses on all educational activities of preschool children, such as vocal music, dance and art teaching. The focus of early childhood education psychology is to study the characteristics of children's psychological development, and pay attention to giving children suitable educational methods from the characteristics of children's psychological development.
1.2 Characteristics of current preschool education
According to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" project of the Ministry of Education and the research results of the "Children's Multi-field Development Series" presented by BBK during the work, although kindergarten education needs to be based on the development of five areas of children mentioned in the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" promulgated by the Ministry of Education: health, science, society, language and art, due to the "utilitarian" nature of parent education in China, language education in these main areas is Parents pay more attention to their children's education, such as how many words they know, whether they can tell stories independently and how good English is. Therefore, from this perspective, the current characteristics of early childhood teaching are:
(1) Language teaching plays an increasingly important role in teaching.
Language teaching includes two aspects, one is the learning of Chinese, such as children's early literacy and reading, and the other is the widely spread English teaching. At present, many kindergartens mainly promote bilingual education for children, and the cost of kindergarten education doubles. However, parents are willing to pay for bilingual education brought by high cost, which further highlights the importance of English teaching in the current preschool education market. The current preschool education market and products are also dazzling. At present, a series of bilingual products such as Hong En Children's English and New Oriental Bubble Children's English are very popular. The existence of these products fully embodies the importance of preschool English education in preschool education.
(2) Children's teaching pays more and more attention to scientific teaching methods.
Children's education is different from that of adults, and the most fundamental reason is that children's psychological development level is different from that of adults. 0-6
The main development tasks at the age of 20 are cognitive development and social development. The development of cognition includes the development of attention and thinking. The development of sociality mainly deals with the relationship between children and their parents, peers and teachers in social networks. In early childhood teaching, the presentation of teaching methods depends on the development of these two aspects. For example, children's way of thinking is mainly intuitive thinking and image thinking, and children's learning style depends on the development of this thinking characteristic. Therefore, the current early education market education pays more and more attention to following the law of children's cognitive development and the characteristics of interest and emotion development.
For example, the little genius baby computer, which has attracted much attention in the early education market at present, advocates taking eight intelligent theory put forward by the famous American psychologist Gardner as the main theoretical basis and providing suitable solutions for children according to their thinking development characteristics and behavior patterns. There are also many kindergartens that pay more and more attention to the role of early childhood education in children's intellectual development. For example, Qiao Hu Company, which focuses on the research and development of children's teaching AIDS and learning tools, mainly studies suitable teaching products by grasping the development characteristics of children's intuitive action thinking and image thinking.
2. What are the common and advanced infant teaching modes (teaching methods) in China?
At present, there are many advanced infant teaching models in China, and I mainly list three to illustrate them.
1. Montessori teaching method
Montessori teaching method is an educational method to comprehensively improve children's quality and develop their potential. This teaching method is based on "understanding and love"
The premise is to follow children's freedom, make use of children's inherent vitality, and promote the development of children's potential through observation, research and understanding of their inner world. At present, this teaching method has been implemented in many kindergartens in China. Among them are educational institutions and kindergartens founded by Sun Ruixue, a domestic child education expert. Montessori teaching has many rich educational ideas, and I personally choose the following two as representatives.
(1) Capture the sensitive period of children
Sensitive period theory is an important theory of early education theory. It refers to the process that children absorb the characteristics of something in the environment and practice it repeatedly in a certain period of time in the growth process of 0-6 years old, driven by internal vitality. For example, common children often "eat hands" when they are 8.9 months old. In fact, this behavior marks the arrival of the sensitive period of children's hands. In the sensitive period, as an educator, we should adapt to this development of children, rather than deliberately stop it. Another common phenomenon is that children before the age of 6 can basically master all the vocabulary and syntax of their mother tongue. This is because children are sensitive to language before the age of 6. Taking advantage of this feature of children and giving them rich language stimulation, including the second language, can play a very good role. This is why children should learn English.
(2) Love and freedom
Love and freedom are also important features of Montessori teaching method. It is emphasized that educators should give children full understanding and care, give them full freedom, and let them promote their growth with their own potential. But this kind of love and freedom is not to spoil, but to help children establish rules in this environment full of love and freedom. For example, when I was a part-time English teacher, two children had an argument over toys. In this process, as an educator, I remembered my training, not to suppress and blame this matter, but to ask the reason first, then to understand the child's behavior, so that the child can gain full trust and security, and then to explain the reasons for the behavior. I used this method to quickly solve the quarrel between children, and they also know that other people's toys should not be robbed casually. Similarly, in teaching, we should pay attention to expressing understanding and concern for any language and behavior of children in order to promote physical and mental development.
2. Discovery teaching method
Discovery teaching method was first put forward by American psychologist Bruner. The characteristic of this method is to emphasize students' teaching.
The main role is to cultivate students' ability to explore problems and think independently. For children, the use of this method can stimulate their curiosity and interest in learning to a certain extent.
For example, in English teaching, when children learn the pronunciation of the letter A in words through natural spelling, they can first play several words containing the letter A, such as apple\ax\ant, and then let the children find out for themselves. If children have discovered this rule, they can be further inspired to think. Is A pronounced as/ in most words? /。 Children can't find the pronunciation rule of A, so they can play the next animation, in which the pronunciation of A in words is stressed and stretched to attract children's attention, thus inspiring children to think and helping them find this rule. This teaching method requires the gradual decomposition of non-teaching objectives, and achieves the purpose of letting children discover and summarize the learning rules.
3. Inquiry teaching method
Inquiry teaching method is a teaching method that focuses on children's practical operation and inquiry and cultivates children's creative thinking.
This method requires that according to the age characteristics of young children, appropriate operation requirements should be put forward at three age levels: big, middle and small classes, and suitable activity materials should be provided for them to make their operation successful.
For example, when teaching "The Mystery of Magnets" in general knowledge class, give children several magnets and various iron products, plastic products, ceramic products, etc. As soon as class begins, the children can play by themselves. The children were enthusiastic and soon enjoyed themselves. Many children are excited about their discovery and compete to tell other partners about their discovery. At this time, the teacher guided the children to observe and asked, "What did you find, children?" The children argued, "Some things can be sucked up and some things can't." As a teacher, you can ask your children to put aside what they can smoke and put aside what they can't. Many children are surprised to find that iron products can be smoked, but they can't be smoked without iron products. At this time, the teacher affirmed the child's discovery and let the child enjoy the joy of discovery in an attempt. Stimulating children's interest in finding and studying problems is the starting point of children's creative thinking and the beginning of children's invention and creation.