In fact, rich emotions, positive attitudes and correct values are the basis for students to learn, survive and develop. Therefore, the goal of emotional attitude and values should be regarded as an important goal of mathematics teaching, which runs through the cultivation, process and method of knowledge and skills. So, how to do this? In the following, the author will talk about some of his own views based on his own teaching practice.
1. Understand the importance of emotional attitudes and values in mathematics teaching.
As a mathematics educator, if we want to implement the goal of cultivating emotional attitudes and values into the process, process and method of cultivating knowledge and skills, we must first fully understand the importance of emotional attitudes and values in mathematics teaching, because there is a deep misunderstanding in our traditional education model, that is, we pay too much attention to the cultivation of knowledge and skills and ignore the deep-seated role of education. This tradition has a deep-rooted influence on educators. Under the background that the atmosphere of exam-oriented education is still strong, it will not be easy for mathematics educators to break through the old habit mode and pay insufficient attention to the training objectives of emotional attitudes and values.
In the three-dimensional teaching goal system, knowledge and skill goals refer to the core knowledge and basic knowledge of the subject necessary for students to embark on the society, and the ability to solve problems by using these knowledge; The goal of process and method refers to responsive learning environment, communication and experience, as well as basic learning methods (autonomous learning, cooperative learning, inquiry learning) and specific learning methods (discovery learning, group learning, exchange learning, etc.). ); The goal of emotional attitude and values refers to cultivating students' interest in learning mathematics, stimulating students to get close to mathematics, enhancing mathematics consciousness, developing rational spirit, and establishing the value pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty and the concept of harmonious and sustainable development between man and nature.
The importance of emotional attitudes and values is mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
1. As far as the relationship between the three teaching objectives is concerned, the values of emotion, attitude, knowledge, skills and process methods interact and promote each other to form an inseparable whole. The successful cultivation of knowledge, skills and process methods contributes to the formation of students' emotional attitudes and values, and can also effectively promote students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning knowledge, skills and process methods. Using an image metaphor, emotions and attitudes are the roots of learning, processes and methods are the branches of learning, knowledge and skills are the flowers and fruits of learning, and mistakes and failures are the green leaves of learning. They are organically linked together, and finally bring up talents with good mathematical quality.
2. As far as the ultimate goal of education is concerned, education is a kind of value-oriented activity, which projects and contains educators' value choices and purpose presuppositions, and embodies people's pursuit of ideal society and ideal personality. Its essence is to cultivate a sound personality with social cognitive and practical ability, positive and correct values, and can promote their own and social development. Therefore, emotional attitude and values should be the primary goal of education, which takes precedence over the education of knowledge, skills and process methods. To take a step back, even though the current education system still focuses on exam-oriented education, it still focuses on the education of mathematical knowledge and skills. However, a student who does not have rich feelings, positive attitude and correct values about mathematics will not have a strong interest in mathematics, and it is impossible to really learn mathematics well.
3. As far as the function of education is concerned, at present, in order to carry out socialist modernization better and faster, the state has put forward the strategy of "sustainable development"; As a teacher who shoulders the great mission of cultivating a new generation of architectural talents, the highest goal of teaching should also be to cultivate "sustainable development" students. The key to students' sustainable development is to enable students to actively and methodically acquire ever-changing scientific and cultural knowledge and cultivate their ability to adapt to modern society under the influence of emotional attitudes and values. Therefore, we should not only teach students static "knowledge and skills", but also dynamic "process and method", and more importantly, we should have "emotional attitude and values" to make it three-dimensional and sustainable.
4. As far as the comparison of Chinese and foreign mathematics education is concerned, one of the reasons why the education level in Europe and America is better than that in China is that foreign mathematics education pays more attention to educating people. For example, the goal of American mathematics education is to cultivate members with mathematical literacy, which includes: understanding the value of mathematics, having confidence in their own mathematical ability, having the ability to solve problems, learning mathematical communication, learning mathematical reasoning, and emphasizing the social requirements for education. The British Mathematics Curriculum Standard points out that the importance of mathematics in students' education lies in that mathematics provides students with a unique and powerful tool to understand and change the world, and mathematics provides students with opportunities for spiritual, moral, social and cultural development. Comparatively speaking, although China's syllabus and curriculum standards also attach importance to educating people, they are only briefly described in the preface. However, the actual teaching practice almost concentrates all its energy on specific knowledge and skill goals, and pays little attention to the development goals of mathematics education, such as ideological enlightenment, spiritual understanding and personality shaping. The relationship between specific goals and human development goals is basically in a state of separation. Therefore, in order to change this situation, we must put the cultivation of emotional attitudes and values in an extremely important position.
Second, clear the specific goals of cultivating emotional attitudes and values.
On the basis of fully understanding the importance of cultivating emotional attitude values, we need to clarify the specific objectives of cultivating emotional attitude values in order to carry out targeted teaching design in teaching activities.
The basic contents of emotional attitude and values in primary school mathematics teaching are: being able to actively participate in mathematics activities and being curious and curious about mathematics; Get successful experience in mathematics learning activities, exercise the will to overcome difficulties, and establish confidence in learning mathematics well; Understand the close relationship between mathematics and human life and its role in the development of human history, experience mathematics activities full of exploration and creation, and feel the rigor and certainty of mathematics conclusions; Form a realistic attitude and the habit of independent questioning and thinking. To sum up, there are six specific goals.
1. Arouse interest in ...
Bruner, an American psychologist, said: "The best stimulus for learning is interest in what you have learned." Interest refers to people's psychological tendency to know, appreciate and explore something. The stronger the students' interest in learning, the better the learning effect. Teaching practice proves that students have a strong interest in mathematics learning, and they will actively and happily participate in learning activities. The interest of primary school students is often unstable and not lasting, which needs to be constantly stimulated and cultivated in teaching.
Experiencing emotion
Emotion refers to the rich inner experience and spiritual world such as love, happiness and aesthetic emotion, which accompanies all human activities. In the process of learning, cognitive factors and emotional factors are closely related and interact. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, students should feel the concise beauty of symbols such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and Divison in mathematics; Let students feel the generalization beauty of simplified mathematics; Transform beauty from a square to a circle and from a curve to a straight line; The rigorous beauty and logical beauty of layer-by-layer translation; Full of magical beauty of change; The harmonious beauty of the combination of numbers and shapes makes students like mathematics from the heart and like learning mathematics.
Exercise your will.
Human cognitive and practical activities (including the study and exploration of mathematical knowledge) are not smooth sailing, and we need to find the truth in countless mistakes and constant failures. Historically, some mathematical problems have been solved through the efforts of several generations. Therefore, mathematics education should cultivate students' tenacious will, cultivate their courage to overcome difficulties, bravely face mistakes and failures, and eliminate their fear of difficulties.
build confidence
Self-confidence can make a person successful, and success can also cultivate a person's self-confidence. Solving mathematical problems can give students a successful experience, thus enhancing their self-confidence, which is more stable and lasting than other material rewards and emotional incentives. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, we should consciously guide students to solve mathematics problems with their own intelligence and help them build up their self-confidence. When students solve a mysterious problem through their own thinking, the joy brought by success is enormous, and there will be a strong motivation for learning and research in their hearts.
Feel the effect
Mathematician Hua put it well: "The universe is big, the particles are tiny, the speed of rockets, the cleverness of chemical engineering, the change of the earth, the mystery of biology and the complexity of daily use require mathematics everywhere." Numbers and shapes are the common forms of all things in the world, so mathematics that embodies the laws of numbers and shapes is everywhere in the real world. In the teaching process, let students feel the role of mathematics in daily life, which can enhance their motivation and determination to learn and use mathematics well.
Cultivate habits
"Education is to cultivate good habits." This sentence highlights the importance of habit cultivation. Habit affects the development of people's ability and character. As far as study habits are concerned, good study habits can enhance students' interest in learning, help students overcome difficulties in learning, give play to their initiative in learning, and benefit students for life. Therefore, the teaching goal system lists cultivating students' good study habits such as active participation, overcoming difficulties, questioning and independent thinking as the specific goals of emotional attitudes and values.
Third, actively integrate the cultivation of emotional attitudes and values in the process of mathematics teaching.
How should the specific goals of the above six aspects be effectively integrated into the process of mathematics teaching? There are three major points for reference:
1. Improve teaching design objectives, select teaching contents and implement student-centered classroom teaching.
In teaching design, the design of teaching objectives should organically combine knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values. The selection of teaching content should be carefully selected, carefully organized and creatively used, not limited to the examples and exercises in the teaching materials, but also related scenes and examples that students are familiar with and like in class. Teachers should try their best to create various conditions so that every student has the opportunity to fully express himself and let them actively participate in learning.
For example, only two pictures are arranged in the textbook as materials for study and training. If you only use these two pictures to teach, students will feel bored. We can set such a scene: a child is lost in the forest, and he only knows that his home is in the south of the forest. Please help him find his way home. Through students' active participation, a series of problems appear, whether it is sunny or cloudy, day or night, and then make full use of illustrations to guide them to realize that the sun rises and sets in the west, the moon rises and sets in the west, leaves are scattered in the south, tree rings are scattered in the north, and Polaris is is always in the north of the earth. It is conceivable that such a class will not be boring. Students not only master the distinction between direction and position, but also successfully experience the noble sentiment of using mathematical knowledge to help others.
2. Pay attention to stimulate students' learning motivation, fully stimulate students' interest in learning, and cultivate students' good learning emotions.
The degree of students' participation in classroom learning is closely related to their emotional factors. In the teaching process, when the teaching situation created by teachers, the designed teaching activities and the classroom atmosphere can stimulate students' learning motivation, fully mobilize students' interest in learning, and meet the needs of students' thirst for knowledge, students will have happy and loving emotions. On the other hand, distress and boredom will inevitably affect learning efficiency. This requires teachers to use students' curiosity and competitiveness in every math class to create teaching situations, stimulate students' interest and thirst for knowledge, mobilize students' active participation, carefully design teaching activities, and provide students with time and space for exploration, so that students can continue to succeed in the process of exploring, discovering and mastering the inherent laws of mathematics knowledge, accumulate pleasant experience and continuously enhance their interest in learning mathematics.
For example, in the teaching of "symmetry", students are first presented with a picture of "beautiful nature", and the teacher says, "Let's look for symmetry in nature. Every student wants to show his skills. They look for pandas, frogs, butterflies, leaves and so on. The teacher asked: How did you find them? Students have told their own methods: a panda's eyes and ears are the same; Butterflies have the same pattern on their left and right wings; The two sides of symmetry are exactly the same ... the teacher asked again: how to judge that these are all symmetrical? A method to stimulate students to think positively and judge whether the result they are looking for is correct. After the students came up with the method of "folding in half", the teacher demonstrated "folding in half" according to the students' choice. When the courseware dynamically shows that the left and right sides of the frog overlap, the students can't help applauding. They are proud of their discovery and are more excited to participate in the following learning activities.
In addition, we know that emotions are contagious, and teachers' emotional attitudes will affect all students. Teachers should pay attention to using their own emotions and attitudes to induce students' good feelings. For example, in the "Symmetry" class mentioned above, the teacher happily told the students before showing his works: "I learned a unique skill a few days ago, and I want to show my works to my classmates. Please name each work. " The excited words infected the students and inspired their enthusiasm to appreciate and understand the teacher's works. As the works appear on the blackboard in turn, the students' voices in the classroom are ringing: flowers, houses, small trees, birds ... teachers' positive and excited emotions and attitudes are transformed into students' positive learning behavior. In daily classroom teaching, teachers need to bring enthusiasm to students, touch students with teachers' sincere feelings and mobilize students' positive emotions; Teachers are needed to bring trust, encouragement, appreciation and recognition to students, encourage students to actively explore knowledge and discover laws with teachers' clever guidance, and enhance students' courage and confidence in learning mathematics well with teachers' true and reasonable evaluation.
3. Cultivate students' good study habits, sharpen students' will and establish correct values.
Mathematics has the characteristics of coherent knowledge content, strict system and strong logic, so the learning of mathematics knowledge is a gradual process, which requires students to have good study habits, tenacious will and correct values, thus strengthening the learning effect, coping with setbacks in learning and clarifying the significance of learning.
The cultivation of students' good study habits is inseparable from the guidance and help of teachers. Teachers should give full play to their leading role in teaching. For example, from the beginning of students' first math class, teachers should consciously ask "What else" in combination with the pictures in the textbook, so that students can observe clearly and carefully, and let them realize that these are good habits through praise. Another example is to design activities to help small animals check and correct wrong questions in the teaching of written calculation, so that students can deepen their understanding of the method of written calculation and realize that "calculation should be careful" For another example, let students seek solutions to problems and give them ample opportunities for communication. Let students express their own methods and evaluate their peers' methods, so as to encourage students to learn to question and learn to think, and then develop the habit of questioning and thinking independently. In today's mathematics teaching, we should also pay attention to cultivating students' habits of hands-on operation, cooperation and communication, discovering mathematics from life, applying mathematics and so on.
Will is manifested in overcoming difficulties, and it is also developed in experiencing setbacks and overcoming difficulties. Difficulty is a whetstone to cultivate students' willpower. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, students should often be given exercises with appropriate difficulties, so that they can make some efforts to solve problems independently in independent thinking, so that students can experience the pleasure of overcoming difficulties, let them see their own strength and enhance their self-confidence.
In addition to the three points mentioned above, it is also crucial to cultivate emotional attitudes and values at last, that is, teachers should innovate the current teaching evaluation methods in the teaching process, instead of taking students' academic performance as the sole criterion for evaluating students, they should take their all-round development as the highest criterion for evaluating students, so that students can consciously pay attention to other qualities besides knowledge and skills.
The cultivation of students' emotional attitude and values is a process in which knowledge and skills, processes and methods permeate and promote each other. Students should feel, experience and comprehend by participating in mathematics learning activities. Teachers should take the cultivation of emotional attitudes and values as the soul of teaching, and consciously run through the teaching process, so that students can gradually form healthy emotions, positive attitudes and correct values that we expect, so as to have a perfect personality that is conducive to the all-round development of themselves and society.