According to the "Science Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education Primary Schools" issued by the Ministry of Education in February 2065438+2007, primary school science curriculum is listed as a "basic curriculum" as important as Chinese and mathematics. Why do science classes receive so much attention from the state? Why is a good science class so important to children?
Let's look at three major changes in standards.
Change 1: the starting grade of primary school science curriculum is adjusted to grade one.
According to the requirements of the standard, learning is divided into three levels: 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6. In principle, the first and second grades of primary schools are arranged according to no less than 1 class hour per week. For the lower grades, we should offer science courses, and have a perceptual understanding of scientific knowledge through the experience of small experiments and games.
Change 2: Let students experience the success and fun of hands-on more.
The standard clarifies the importance of T and E in STEM, that is, technology and engineering, so that students can experience the success and fun of "hands-on" and develop the habit of solving problems through "hands-on".
Change 3: define new responsibilities to society and the environment.
It is not only the application of science and technology in reality, but also the reflection on the influence of science and technology on ethics, environment and life. Let students pay attention to the development of the world of science and technology around them and experience the influence of science and technology on personal life and social development.
Why does the country offer science courses?
As early as 200 1, China started a new round of curriculum reform according to the requirements of the State Council's "2 1 Century Education Revitalization Action Plan". At that time, the course of "Nature" was renamed "Science", and the initial grade was changed from grade one to grade three.
2065438+February 2007, the Ministry of Education issued and required the implementation of the Science Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education Primary Schools. Primary school science class is listed as a "basic course" as important as Chinese and mathematics, and the initial grade of science class is extended to the first grade of primary school.
16 years later, we have made some achievements and progress in curriculum development, teacher training and textbook construction, but frankly speaking, "science", as an independent new curriculum, has not received due attention throughout the nine-year compulsory education stage.
Since 16, the development speed of international science education research has exceeded people's expectations. Some very important science education documents and works, such as "New Generation American Science Education Standards" and "K- 12 Science Education Framework: Practice, Interdisciplinary Concepts and Core Concepts", put forward a series of new concepts of science education. These new ideas have led to drastic, large-scale and profound changes in science education all over the world.
Under such circumstances, our courses and textbooks in China will naturally change. If our curriculum and teaching materials don't change with such changes and demands, we will really fall behind the trend of world science education reform, and can't meet the needs of national development and children and teachers, so the teaching materials must be revised.
Why is scientific enlightenment important for children?
Science is one of the ways to know the world.
From the perspective of social development, the value of science lies in that it is one of our existing cognitive ways, which has been proved to be reasonable by practice and brought us a lot of convenience in life.
Therefore, it is necessary for children to know the world scientifically! In the American National Standards for Science Education, it is clearly pointed out that to understand the world scientifically, three elements must be possessed:
Fact basis, logical relationship and critical thinking.
Factual basis means that all scientific conclusions should be based on tangible factual evidence, especially quantitative digital basis. In the field of science, a theory must be supported by facts. Not only students of mathematics and science, but also modern disciplines such as psychology, economics and linguistics prove their theories by obtaining data through experiments.
Logical relationship is a bridge between factual basis and scientific conclusion. Simply put, you can understand it as causality. In other words, can this fact support your conclusion? Strict logical thinking can not only help people make achievements in science, but also avoid many problems in daily life. Under the premise that school education has not been paid enough attention, it will be of great help if parents can help cultivate children's logical reasoning ability.
Critical thinking is a very neutral word, and its core is objective skepticism. It is precisely because people are constantly arguing whether the facts support the theory and whether the logic is reasonable, and when new facts are discovered, they will verify the previous theory, see if they can confirm or overturn the previous conclusion, see if there are hidden assumptions in the conclusion, and then gradually establish the magnificent science building we see today.
Observing facts-deducing conclusions with logic-critically looking at conclusions and adjusting them-looking for new facts, this cycle constitutes a complete scientific thinking system.
People are gregarious animals, and their nature tends to cooperate and listen to others, so the scientific way of thinking that goes against our nature needs to be learned through deliberate practice. Scientific thinking is much more important than scientific knowledge itself, and it is also the focus of parents' scientific enlightenment.
Why is science education important?
First, the era of children's life will be the era of information explosion, and the ability to distinguish is indispensable. What is valuable to you, what is a rumor, and the ability to see through it at a glance will be the basic skill of children's survival.
Second, human knowledge has accumulated to the present level, and it is still accelerating, which means that the future knowledge must be in a sealed black box state. For example, mobile phones, few people understand its software and hardware principles, can use. I think the knowledge in the future is the same. Specific knowledge is not so important, only thinking is valuable, and thinking ability can ensure that children have the corresponding ability to do it when they need to understand a certain principle and expand the boundaries of human knowledge.
Third, the scientific way of thinking is the essence of human culture. The development of science and technology essentially comes from scientific thinking, which is perhaps the most successful way for human beings to understand the world at present, and we have the responsibility to let our children inherit it.
The ideal science education should be a pyramid. The bottom and core is to cultivate children's character, including curiosity, enthusiasm, fun, courage to try and think independently. Let children realize that learning is interesting, and how to have the courage to stick to it when they know that there are many difficulties is also very much in need of parents' help.
Based on this character, the contents of methodology, including logic, critical thinking, problem-solving methods, etc., are the most superficial contents in the knowledge taught in most schools now. Methodology and character are what we need to pay more attention to in education. Therefore, for a child who wants to grow up and enter the society, science education is very important to him!
How do parents participate in children's scientific enlightenment?
Read books, do experiments and learn to ask questions.
popular science books
The revision of this textbook makes science class as important as Chinese and mathematics. Therefore, the amount of children's scientific knowledge reserves is particularly important. In addition to science textbooks, parents should also supplement extracurricular popular science books for their children. In China, books like We Love Science, Love Science Every Day, Natural History, Global Adventure, New 100,000 Why, and Knowledge is Power are all good books for scientific enlightenment.
The focus of popular science reading is to let children discover unobserved facts, such as how the subway started, there are animals underground, and birds don't all live in trees. The second point is to connect with real life, let children have a sense of participation, take the initiative to connect the phenomena encountered in life with books, and let them realize that books are not an independent world.
Also, parents should not aim at mastering knowledge. Because it is easy for parents to fall into a psychological expectation, that is, I have read a lot of books to my child, and he should know a lot of knowledge and be able to compare with other children. However, parents should pay attention to controlling this mentality and cultivating scientific thinking ability is the core goal.
experiment
Doing experiments is not as complicated as you think, and you don't need professional experimental equipment. The essence of experiment is to "try" when you don't know the answer.
For example, when a child goes to the kitchen and sees what is in the seasoning jar, instead of telling him that the salt is sweet and sour, he directly lets him taste it with a spoon. When doing experiments, we should keep in mind the three elements of science: factual basis, logical relationship and critical thinking.
Experiments come from life.
For example, is there a relationship between the number of times rickshaws are pulled back and the distance they run?
Specific experimental process:
Assumption: if the pull-back car is pulled back many times, it will run far; Experimental tools: timer on mobile phone; Experimental steps: Pull 1.2.3 times respectively, and record the rotation time of the wheel.
Three elements:
Fact: Use a watch to record real-time time.
Logical relationship: the wheel turns for a long time, so it runs far. Is it because the wheel rotates for a long time because it is pulled many times?
Critical thinking: this car is like this, what about other cars?
Learn to ask questions
Questioning is a core method to train children's thinking ability. Thinking is the process of thinking, and it is a good way to think by answering questions. Children will have many questions after they are 3 or 4 years old. Most parents will answer questions directly, but they are still very upset if they can't answer them. A better way is to affirm the child's problem first, then break it down into small problems and ask. Children think for themselves with the questions they ask, and achieve the purpose of thinking training step by step. The problem is caused by three elements of science.
Here is an example.
Dry ice and ice in the refrigerator.
Q: Both are ice. What's the difference between the two (seeking truth).
Child: Dry ice will smoke.
Q: Are all smoking things hot (from a critical point of view)?
Child (touch), A: Not hot, subverting the child's basic cognition, and the child began to be interested.
Is that ice hot?
A: The ice is very cold.
Q: (Logic interjects) The food on the table is smoking. Is it hot because of smoking?
Children will realize that there is something wrong with the causal logic of heat because of smoking. But adults should not directly tell their children that they smoke because of the hot weather, nor should they say anything other than their life experience.
Q: What's the difference?
A: Dry ice has long white hairs. Squeeze it and melt it.
A: Like snow.
Q: Why is there no white hair on the ice in the refrigerator?
The child can't answer and can't explain.
Just to impress the children.
Finally, to sum up, Q: Are these two pieces of ice the same?
A: No, dry ice is magic ice.
This round of questions is over. After long-term communication, children will certainly be able to ask their own questions and experience the fun of thinking.
Summarize the starting point of the question.
Ask the truth: What do you see? What did you find? Compare the differences.
Question: What is the reason for this situation? Will the occurrence of A necessarily lead to the occurrence of B? Is there anything else that will lead to B?
Q Possibility: Yes. What else could it be?
Science education should be calm.
If it is normal for children to learn slowly, parents and teachers need to put their minds at ease and wait for three points of education and seven points. Children don't process information in the same way as we do, so adults don't have to worry. Maybe there was no reaction at that time, but it will be exciting later. As long as we continue to use the scientific way of thinking to guide and not entangle the results, it will gradually have a positive effect. We sow the seeds of scientific thinking and follow the law of children's cognitive development, which will certainly make children feel the charm of science.
The science teacher should be ready.
From June, 2065438 to June, 2007, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education specially organized a science teacher training in September, which was attended by hundreds of science teachers in the whole province. Wu Jianzhong, director of the Science Teaching and Research Section of Maiyuqiao Primary School, also participated in the training. He has been teaching for more than 20 years and is very experienced in the field of science teaching.
At the training meeting, provincial researchers and senior science teachers interpreted the new textbook and took several demonstration classes.
This science curriculum reform is divided into three stages: 1-2 grade, 3-4 grade and 5-6 grade, with continuous and detailed stage knowledge. "Science courses are mostly reforms in the learning stage, and there are few reforms in content."
Teacher Wu said that the content to be taught in the original four years should be dispersed to six years, and the simple content suitable for junior children to learn should be put into the first and second grades, and each content will be deeply explored.
These are not difficult for science teachers. The biggest challenge should be that the students we face have changed a lot.
"Now science teachers are very familiar with the learning characteristics of third-grade children. Children in grade one are younger and have different learning characteristics. How to teach is a challenge for science teachers. " A primary school science teacher who has been teaching for more than ten years said that in order to let science teachers know the characteristics of children in lower grades as soon as possible, the district has specially taken several classes in a primary school, all of which are for students in grades one and two.
"The teacher assigned a task and played a game. A first-grade child stood up and said, I don't want to play. " Teachers say that children are free, which puts high demands on science teachers and tests their teaching ability. Before class, the preparation of teaching AIDS should be more adequate, so that students can feel fun. This is the beginning of a class.
A science teacher in a private primary school said: "In the first two weeks, we should cultivate children's scientific routines. If you don't do well in this respect, the next class may be chaotic. Two weeks later, according to the content of the textbook. "
Newton Jr. has been working intensively in the field of scientific enlightenment education for 15 years, with the aim of "being a valuable education for children and a socially responsible enterprise", focusing on "scientific enlightenment education for children aged 3- 12 years" and paying attention to the cultivation of students' scientific literacy and the improvement of their comprehensive ability.
After several years of practice, more than 1000 agency cooperation units have been developed in China, and more than 50 million students study Little Newton science courses every year.
With the development of the country, science education in the field of basic education has been paid more and more attention by the country. In 20 17, the science curriculum standard for compulsory primary schools (hereinafter referred to as "new curriculum standard") was issued, which requires that science courses should be offered in the first grade of primary schools from September 20 17, and experimental teaching should be emphasized to enhance students' problem consciousness. At the same time, the new curriculum standard points out that science education in primary schools is an interdisciplinary research with science as the core curriculum, emphasizing the integration with other disciplines.
In this context, Newton's science curriculum has become a market demand and a compulsory course for thousands of students.
Science course is an important course to improve students' scientific literacy and humanistic literacy. Science curriculum is not only a discipline, but also the core carrier and resource of school science education. Science education is not only reflected in science classes, but also extends to other disciplines such as Chinese, mathematics and fine arts, which is convenient for students to form a complete knowledge chain.
In addition, science courses are not only suitable for public schools, but also can be widely used in off-campus markets. Young Newton has been rooted in the scientific enlightenment education industry for several years, and he has never dared to forget his educational mission. Because of this, he has been committed to popularizing scientific enlightenment education throughout the country, striving for the first brand of scientific enlightenment education in China, and making unremitting efforts for China's quality education and the dream of strengthening the country through science and technology!
Young Newton's elite children's education strives to become the first brand of children's education in China and is born for "cultivating talents".
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The above contents are integrated from: China Education News Network, Sichuan News Network, this newspaper and Hangzhou Metropolitan Express.
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