Step-by-step principle (systematic principle): that is, teaching is carried out according to the logical order of subjects and the order of students' cognitive development, so that students can systematically master basic knowledge and skills and form strict logical thinking ability. This principle is also called the system principle. In ancient China, teaching was carried out in a certain order. "Learning without waiting", "using without sacrificing", "miscellaneous use without grandchildren and bad repair" and Zhu's "step by step, familiar with reading and careful thinking" all require teaching step by step.

(6) the principle of consolidation: that is, in teaching, students should be guided to consolidate knowledge on the basis of understanding, and teachers should pay attention to organizing various reviews, so that knowledge can be preserved in memory for a long time and can be quickly reproduced when needed, which is conducive to the application of knowledge and skills. Confucius advocated "learning from time to time" and "reviewing the past to gain new knowledge", while ushinski believed that "reviewing the past to gain new knowledge".

(7) The principle of "doing what you can" (the principle of acceptability): that is, the content, method, weight and progress of teaching should be suitable for students' development level, which is acceptable to them, but it is also difficult to master. In ancient China, Mozi's "wise men must do what they can", Stilwell's "teaching must conform to the development level of the students being taught" and zankov's developmental teaching theory all emphasized the principle of ability.

(8) The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: that is, teachers should proceed from students' actual situation and individual differences, and carry out differentiated teaching in a targeted manner, so that each student can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and achieve the best development. Confucius in our country is good at teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, so that students can give full play to their respective specialties. This experience was summarized by Zhu as "Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude".