First, set a good example for students.
1, subtly and silently guide teachers' professional ethics: be strict with yourself and be a teacher. Teachers have the characteristics of role models, and their role models have a special influence on students. "His body is upright, and he has no orders. His body is not upright, although he disobeys. " Teachers lead by example and provide silent guidance to students. When writing on the blackboard and correcting homework in class, we should pay attention to the posture of writing and holding the pen. Arrange the structure of Chinese characters, pay attention to the stroke order of Chinese characters, and show the students the appropriate Chinese characters. Students have strong psychological characteristics of "learning from the teacher" and imitation, and teachers' every move, words and deeds may become the objects of students' imitation. In individual counseling, put down the teacher's shelf, go to the students, hold the students' handwriting and let the students watch the teacher write, so that the teacher can invisibly turn himself into a mirror. Not only can you pay attention to your writing posture, improve your writing level and develop good writing habits, but you can also let students see a living writing "specimen" and make them receive subtle education.
2, exchange roles, from passive to active.
Sometimes a new teacher-student relationship can be created. In the classroom, the roles of teachers and students can be interchanged to realize the interaction between teachers and students. In the usual writing teaching, I also try to make students always interested in writing. Sometimes I am a teacher, guiding them to write, and sometimes I let my students be teachers, and I am their students. At this time, the students were all happy and scrambled to be my teacher. But I am a "student" a little "stupid". Sometimes I write in the first half, sometimes I write crooked, and sometimes I draw with my pen upside down. "Little teachers" can be serious and correct them one by one. It was not until I standardized and corrected my handwriting in Tian Zige that I cried excitedly, "Yes, yes, you are great!" " ! In this novel way of learning, students become more active in learning, and the relationship between teachers and students becomes more harmonious and democratic. For example, when students practice writing, there are always students who call me when they encounter difficult words. "Teacher Wen, I can't write this word. Can you teach me? " At this moment, I always hold his or her little hand and teach them to write every stroke and draw every picture. Every time I hold those warm little hands, I feel a sense of emotion in my heart. Because at the moment, students not only regard me as a teacher, but also regard me as a trustworthy friend. They are no longer afraid of the "dignity of being a teacher" in the past, but look forward to writing every word carefully with my help.
3. Take care of differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
In addition, in the teaching of writing, we should take care of the cognitive differences between students, so as to achieve student-student interaction and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Because freshmen just entered the school, there are differences in age and preschool foundation among students. Some words are not all new words for some students. They can not only recognize but also write. I let them be "little teachers" and teach everyone to write. While teaching other students, these "little teachers" also experienced a joy of success and were more confident in their studies. For the rest of the students, this is also an accelerator of hard work.
Second, pay attention to the optimization of learning process.
Psychological research has proved that learning is a process in which learners mobilize their eyes, ears, mouth, brain and hands to know new things and master new knowledge. In this process, eyes, ears, mouth, brain and hands all have their unique functions. Only when these organs work together can we achieve the best learning effect. Reading and writing is also a learning process. If this process is arranged reasonably, you can remember words quickly and firmly, and achieve twice the result with half the effort. On the contrary, even if you write it many times, it may not be useful. Teachers who often teach lower grades will find that students who master Chinese well and write beautifully are often not those who are particularly smart and good at mathematics, but those who have a good learning attitude, are interested in Chinese and are particularly active in class. What these students have in common is that they can observe and comment. When a new word appears, they can see the strokes, structure and position of each part of the word more accurately, and they can speak the method of memorizing the word more fluently. In this way, they can leave a deep impression on new words in their minds in a short time and remember them for a long time. However, some students do not participate in this learning process, but only rely on mechanical copying over and over again to strengthen their memory. Even if they remember it at that time, they will forget it in a few days. Therefore, reading and writing teaching must attach importance to the optimization of learning process.
1, combine "seeing" with "writing" and pay attention to the observation process.
Cognition always rises from sensibility to rationality. Without a rich perceptual foundation, it is impossible to consciously sum up the rules, thus improving the level of literacy and writing.
(1) Learn to observe Tian Zige's model words.
(2) Tian Zige's characters are role models for students to learn and imitate. We should guide students to carefully observe the strokes, structures and positions of various parts of these Chinese characters, and try to remember them.
(3) Learn to compare and observe, and be able to distinguish the nuances of similar words by yourself, which is the key for students to master good words. Students' spelling mistakes mainly lie in words with similar shapes and many strokes. To reduce such mistakes, students must be cultivated with keen observation. For example, the strokes of the words "Wei" and "Mei" are the same, and the only difference is the length of the two horizontal lines. If you don't guide students to observe carefully and draw a conclusion, if you just talk about it by the teacher, you won't be interested and impressed. On the contrary, the teacher does not talk about it, but guides the students to find out the differences through careful observation and tell everyone the results of their respective observations. Out of a strong desire to express, most students will be very involved and the effect will be better. ?
(4) carefully observe the teacher's model essay.
The teacher's model essay is the most direct guidance, so students should be guided to see clearly the writing of each stroke and try to write it like this. This is not only a process of guiding writing, but also a process of consolidating literacy achievements.
(5) carefully observe students' writing and learn to evaluate?
Evaluation is a very difficult and important learning process. In order to make a correct evaluation, it must be based on observation. Only when the observation is in place can the evaluation be appropriate and play a role in self-improvement.
2. Combine "brain thinking" with "handwriting" and pay attention to the thinking process.
Remember a Chinese character
No matter what you do, you should be careful. Of course, you should also be careful in remembering words and writing. We should be good at guiding students through brain processing, linking the observed glyphs with life experience and existing knowledge, getting the best memory method and storing it in the brain. Special emphasis should be placed on the connection with life experience here. After this connection, the words will be remembered very firmly. Like "spring", there is the word "sun" below, and some children always write "wood". If we guide them to think about the characteristics of spring (spring, sunny, warm weather, plants begin to grow) before remembering the glyphs, and then quote: Spring is coming, and the sun is warm. Look, under the word "spring" is-(Japanese). In this way, the error rate of students will be greatly reduced. Many pictophonetic characters can use this method. For example, the words next to the hand are related to the hand, and the words next to the wooden characters are related to the tree. In teaching, students should not only be satisfied with memorizing glyphs by disassembling and replacing parts, but also guide students to actively contact life experience and play the role of thinking. (2) actively sum up the law.
We should always guide students to sort out the words they have learned and get regular things, on the one hand, to prevent forgetting, on the other hand, to lay a foundation for learning similar new words in the future and improve their reading and writing ability. There are many regular things in Chinese characters. In terms of literacy, such as the laws of pictophonetic characters; Writing, such as hand holding, wooden holding, three-point water, etc. , basically occupying the same position and writing. We should always help students sort out, guide them to draw inferences from others, and constantly improve their independent literacy ability.
3, "oral" and "handwriting" combined, pay attention to the expression process.
Expression is a weak link for primary school students, because expression has to go through several processes. First of all, expression should be based on observation. Without the observed appearance, expression cannot be carried out. Secondly, expression should be based on thinking. Without mental handling and arrangement, it is impossible to express it comprehensively and methodically. Finally, language is a clear form of expression. With the basis of observation and thinking, it depends on whether you can speak. Therefore, bad expression is not necessarily bad mastery, but good expression must be good mastery. In the teaching of literacy and writing, we often ignore the function of expression, which is one of the main reasons for the failure of literacy teaching. In the teaching of literacy and writing, we can train students from these aspects.
(1) Say how you remember this word (changing parts, disassembling parts, counting strokes, connecting with life experience ...) and ask students to follow a certain format when speaking. If you remember the word "sow", ask the students to say: I remember this word by disassembling parts. On the left is a handle, on the right is a handful of rice, and below is Tian Zi, where rice refers to seeds. In spring, we scatter seeds in the ground by hand, which is called sowing. In this way, students will not write "Cai" on the upper right. (2) evaluation?
Evaluation mainly refers to other people's memory methods and written words, and comments with their own existing knowledge and experience. This not only requires students to listen carefully to other people's speeches, but also requires students to compare and sort out their own conclusions and express them. The process of students' listening, comparing and expressing is all learning, so it is naturally impressive to let the same word act on the brain repeatedly.
(3) Speaking and writing?
Tell the location of this word in Tian Zige, where to write each stroke and component, and what to pay attention to when writing. This is not only a process of guiding writing, but also a process of consolidating literacy achievements.
Third, teach students the methods and skills of writing.
1, basic strokes.
Every word is made up of basic strokes. Therefore, to write a word well, we must write every basic stroke of it. And each pen has to go through several processes: starting, carrying and collecting. In the Chinese teaching of grade one, while understanding the basic strokes, we should also give students strict guidance on strokes, so that students can lay a solid foundation and make a good start for writing teaching in the future.
2. The radical of this word.
Most Chinese characters have their own radicals, and the writing of these radicals has its own characteristics and laws. Mastering this kind of radical writing can be applied to the characters with these radicals, making the structure of the characters more reasonable.
3. The structure of words.
Chinese characters have various structures. Because the new words of junior students are written in Tian Zi Ge Li, students can be asked to learn writing well with Tian Zige's help. The physical characteristics of Chinese characters are square, with few single characters and the most left and right structures. The left and right radicals are different in height and width, so we should pay attention to the specific classification, such as: narrow left and wide right, narrow left and narrow right, and the left and right are the same. Pay attention to the length, width and width of each part of the left, middle and right structure. There are various changes in the height and width of the radicals of characters with upper and lower structures, enclosing structures and special structures, so students should be reminded to pay attention to them in teaching. Every time I write, I ask students to do "three things": eyes, hands and heart. First, let students observe the structure of Chinese characters in Tian Zige. Clarify the proportion and accurate position of word-formation components in each part of Tian Zi's case. This kind of guidance requires teachers to spend a certain amount of time, repeatedly training, and persist in training according to the difficulty of fonts, so that students can master fonts slowly, and finally leave Tian Zi to arrange the structure of words. With the overall understanding, students can write stroke by stroke, that is, by hand. The writing should be standardized and accurate, and compared with the model essay. At the same time, we also need to concentrate, that is, concentrate. In this regard, we can also talk about some calligraphers' experience, so that students can understand that they should be calm and calm in their hearts, have a general grasp of the structure and shape of characters in their hearts, and have a basic understanding of the laws of writing, so as to write well and finally practice Chinese characters with personal characteristics.
Fourth, cultivate students' interest in writing.
Writing can't be practiced overnight. The key is perseverance. In order to make active children like writing and develop good writing habits, we must pay attention to the cultivation of students' interest in writing. Interest is the best teacher, especially junior students. Whatever they like lasts for a long time and has a good effect. According to the age characteristics of junior students, I use the following methods to cultivate interest.
1, lively and interesting stories to encourage.
Pupils love listening to stories and telling them. Through vivid stories, let them understand the truth and learn knowledge, thus triggering their love for Chinese characters.
(1) The story of the ancients learning calligraphy. The story of Wang Xizhi's "learning books in Linchi" every day, the story of Qingshuitang becoming "Mo Chi", and the story of Zhong You carrying calves into the mountains to learn books during the Three Kingdoms period made them learn to be diligent; The story of Yue Fei practicing calligraphy in the sand made them learn to strive for self-improvement ... The story of the ancients' diligent study and hard practice aroused students' interest and was a vivid teaching material for practicing calligraphy.
(2) stories that can inspire national pride. In order to make students understand that China calligraphy is the crystallization and treasure of China's splendid culture for thousands of years. In the teaching of calligraphy, we should seize the opportunity to let international friends praise China's calligraphy, tell children some famous people's comments on China's calligraphy, inspire children's national pride, and let them understand that calligraphy is a unique art of our nation, and it is our duty to inherit and carry forward national culture.
(3) Interpret words and write short stories. In order to arouse students' interest in reading and loving Chinese characters, when analyzing the structure of Chinese characters, write a short story according to each part of Chinese characters to tell students. In particular, some pictographs and knowing Chinese characters make students curious about Chinese characters in an active and relaxed classroom atmosphere.
2. Various forms of competitive incentives.
Competition can not only arouse students' enthusiasm for practicing calligraphy, but also cultivate students' good sense of competition and collective consciousness of cooperation among students.
(1) operating star system. Every time the homework is approved, I ask the students to compare the written words with the model essay and the last homework, and give them to the corresponding red stars. Regular summary evaluation. Students who get more than 8 red stars will get a small red flower. At the end of the term, the star-rated homework will be judged and rewarded.
(2) Group stage. Each writing class is divided into groups for writing competition (including writing posture). The winning team each got a "small animal".
(3) individual competition. There is a writing competition in each unit. The top three students are exhibited in the learning park, and the student who won the progress prize gets a "small animal". In addition, students are encouraged to actively participate in various calligraphy competitions organized inside and outside the school, so that students can see their progress and enhance their self-confidence.
Five, Qi Xin, strict requirements.
It is not easy to form good writing habits. The formation of students' habits is a process of continuous accumulation and spiral rise. Therefore, a good writing habit cannot depend on several writing classes. We extend students' writing from the classroom to life, requiring students to write both inside and outside the classroom. We often publicize the importance of cultivating students' good writing habits to parents, and ask parents to cooperate actively, cooperate with teachers and Qi Xin, and carefully check every assignment of students. Teachers also timely reflect the recent writing situation of students to parents, and ask parents to care and help students learn Chinese characters. The variability of junior students is still relatively large, so we should continue to work hard to strengthen the cultivation of students' good writing habits and let them truly master the ability to write Chinese characters correctly.