The rapid development of industry and commerce in Athens has created a lot of wealth for the country, promoted the development and prosperity of science, technology, culture and art, and accelerated the division within the slave-owning class. The contradiction between industrial and commercial slave owners and traditional agricultural slave owners with growing economic power is very fierce. They both strive to win the support of freemen, which has had an important impact on the education in Athens.

Like Sparta, the rulers of Athens attached great importance to the education of the younger generation. "Educating children is the responsibility of the state and every father, but it does not interfere with the details of the whole education, nor does it absolutely control education." In Athens, there are both public schools and private schools.

Expand the information of Athens education. Athens was an ancient Greek slave city-state established in the 8th century BC. At the beginning of the 5th century BC, it became the most prosperous and powerful country in Greece. Education in Athens emphasizes that through physical, moral, intellectual and aesthetic training, the educated are trained into citizens with strong physique, noble sentiments, extensive cultural literacy and intellectual development, diverse interests and hobbies, and outstanding eloquence, that is, citizens with both physical and mental beauty and goodness.

Boys and girls before the age of 7 receive physical and mental education at home. At the age of seven, the boy entered Athens grammar school and music school, but he lived at home, accompanied by teachers and servants. Grammar school is an enlightenment education, learning the basic knowledge of reading, writing and calculation.