Senior one practical Chinese text reading special training questions.
Read the following biography and answer the questions.
Chen Spirit and Thought
Liu bin
(1) Inscription of Tsinghua University Wangguantang (Wang Guowei):? When scholars study and study, they will get rid of the shackles of universal truth and the truth will be carried forward. There is no freedom in thought, not death; The essence of benevolence and saints in ancient and modern times is the same as martyrdom, and husbands dare not underestimate it. When Mr. Wang died, he saw his independence and freedom, which had nothing to do with one person's grievances, but with the rise and fall of one surname. It shows the miracle of philosophers, and it tells the truth about the massacre. I don't know that the afterlife was also written by Mr. Wang, or sometimes there is no chapter. Mr. Wang's theory may sometimes be negotiable. Only the spirit of independence and the idea of freedom have lasted for thousands of generations, lasting for a long time, and have made Yong Guang. -Chen Yu?
⑵ The inscription shows Chen Yinque's regret for Wang Guowei's death and his attention to his spiritual thought.
As an outstanding representative of modern intellectuals in China, Chen Yinque's thought is unique and free. He has a great personality. His holistic thinking on the history of China, his profound exploration of China's scholarship and his unique examination of China's culture are all independent and outstanding. His extensive and profound academic research and maverick academic spirit are all lacking in the current academic circles in China.
It can be said that Chen Yinque experienced numerous storms in China in the 20th century all his life, but he was never influenced by the current situation and always persisted? The spirit of independence, the idea of freedom? ,? May 4th Movement? What about the future? Completely westernized? He monopolized it for a while, but he insisted with his own courage? Thinking is limited to the world of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, and the discussion is almost between Xiangxiang and Nanpi. . In the face of chaotic political thoughts, Chen Yinque is neither humble nor supercilious, and goes his own way. Although he is sometimes forced to remain silent by the times, he is fearless and still? On learning and therapy, are times different? . And with the passage of time, he strengthened his belief in moving against the current, so in his twilight years, he could happily announce to the world: meditate on the fact that you have never insulted yourself in your life, and you can learn from Ashi, which seems to be comforting your friends. ?
5] On the back cover of Chen Yinque's Essays on Academic Culture is written:? In the academic exploration in the 20th century, with their extraordinary minds, scholars left a monument of academic thought for this turbulent world, which was impressively engraved with the words: Rebuilding culture and casting the soul of China. ? What does Chen Yinque advocate? The spirit of independence, the idea of freedom? In the final analysis, it is consistent with the national spirit and cultural spirit.
[6] 19 13 years, Chen Yinque wrote in the article "China's academic status and Tsinghua's responsibility" that he wanted academic independence in China? Is this a matter of life and death for our nation? . Chen Yinque was very angry at the situation that academics could not be independent at that time, thinking? The duty of our university is to seek academic independence in our country? . 1929 He wrote in a message of a history graduate of Peking University:? The crowd moved eastward, subject to national history, and scholar China died of shame. ? This also shows that Chen Yinque attaches great importance to cultivating students' national spirit. Chen Yinque traveled around the world and was widely exposed to western culture. But in the relationship between China and the West, he insisted? Don't forget the status of the original nation? . 1932, Chen Yinque solemnly pointed out in the review report of Feng Youlan's Philosophy of China (Volume II) that absorbing foreign cultures? Those who can truly be self-contained in their thoughts and gain something should, on the one hand, absorb imported theories, on the other hand, they should not forget the status of their own nation. ? His attitude of maintaining national cultural status also embodies the spirit of national independence.
Once, Chen Yinque's true feelings about China's academic culture were inseparable from his family. His grandfather Chen Baozhen and his father Chen carried out the New Deal in Hunan during the Reform Movement of 1898, and carried out fruitful reforms in education, culture and economy. 1July, 937, the Japanese invaded China and occupied Beiping. Chen was very worried and died of hunger strike. Growing up in such a family environment, witnessing the behavior of his father and ancestors, coupled with the usual edification, naturally cultivated his noble sentiments and independent personality. From 1929, when Chen Yinque wrote an inscription for Wang Guowei, to 1964, when he finished Liu Biezhuan, he respected morality and moral integrity all his life, taught and educated people with his disabled body, all under the control of patriotism, love for the Chinese nation and love for academic culture. To this end, he clearly realized that only by devoting himself to academics and trying to rebuild academic culture is the correct life path and the only choice he can choose.
As a modern intellectual with unique personality charm, Chen Yinque still has a strong sense of mission. 1927, the death of Wang Guowei gave Chen Yinque a great shock. What did he say in his suicide note? Cultural entrustment? The influence on Chen Yinque runs through his life. Chen Yinque also wrote in Wang Guowei's elegy preface:? In seventeen years, the country has been charming for a long time, and there is still residual water, leaving the tired minister to die; 5000 rolls of toothpicks are new, mysterious and unfamiliar to beginners, and it is a mistake and harmful to the body. ? At this point, Chen Yinque realized his mission, that is, how to arouse the confidence of Chinese people in academic culture with his own scientific research achievements and academic research, so as to inspire the national spirit and save the Chinese nation.
Based on this mission, Chen Yinque first turned his attention to the study of the history of the Middle Ages, because in his view, the Middle Ages played a key role in the long history of China, including the great division of the country and the great integration of the nationalities. At the same time, the import of Buddhist ideas, the transplantation and exchange of Han and minority cultures ushered in the heyday of China's feudal society and the division and turmoil in the next few hundred years. So for more than 50 years after 1927, he was always full of? Praise the spirit of national independence and the idea of freedom? Love life, and carry forward the academic culture of the Chinese nation as its own responsibility, with its? Will it eventually recover? Belief in academic research. After more than half a century, Chen Yinque is indomitable and determined, and no one in China's modern scholars can beat him. This rare sense of mission makes him exist not only as a master of history but also as a symbol of culture.
As a master, Chen Yinque set a high standard for scholars at home and abroad and made people realize a serious academic pursuit and a rational cultural mentality. Chen Yisheng defended? The spirit of independence, the idea of freedom? Practice a modern intellectual with your own wisdom and courage, and you will eventually get through it? Continue to live in the river? Road, intended to build a self-contained knowledge value system. Although history has caused Mr. Wang's misfortune, his extraordinary mind and unique courage have cast a fresh soul in the history of modern culture. His character is admired by later scholars, and his thoughts will certainly be respected by later scholars. (Excerpt from Biography of Chen Yinque, deleted)
1, the following understanding and analysis of the article, two mistakes are () () (5 points)
A: Thinking is limited to the world of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, and the discussion is almost between Xiangxiang and Nanpi. It can be seen that Chen Yinque has a clear understanding that his thoughts are restricted and imprisoned by the old culture.
B, is it? Only the spirit of independence and the idea of freedom have lasted for thousands of years, as long as the world, with a total of three lights and Yong Guang? From the inscription on Wang Guowei's monument, it can be seen that in Chen Yinque's view, Wang Guowei's spirit of independence and freedom is great and eternal.
C, release? Inscription? And then what? Preface to elegy? Contact understanding, we can see Chen Yinque's thinking: does Wang Guowei have it? The spirit of independence, the idea of freedom? Such China cultural spirit; This spirit can last for thousands of years, can be as long as heaven and earth, and can compete with the sun, the moon and the stars.
D, 1929, Chen Yinque wrote in a message to the history graduates of Peking University:? The crowd moved eastward, subject to national history, and scholar China died of shame. ? This shows that he believes that we should stick to national culture and resist the import and absorption of foreign culture.
E. Chen Yinque respected morality and moral integrity all his life. Chen Yinque, under the control of patriotism, love for the Chinese nation and academic culture, teaches and educates people with a disabled body, and keeps writing, which is inseparable from his childhood family environment.
Please summarize the core connotation of Mr. Chen Yinque's spirit and thought in one sentence. Then, combined with the text, it briefly summarizes the aspects of his spirit and thought. (6 points)
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3. Combined with the text, explain the motivation of Mr. Chen Yinque's study of Chinese academic culture. (6 points)
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4. What did the article say at the end? This rare sense of mission makes him not only a master of history, but also a symbol of culture? . Combining with the full text, this paper expounds the significance of Chen Yinque to China culture. (8 points)
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Read the following biography and answer the questions.
die
Roman? Long-distance radio navigation system
? How fast did you come and how slow did you die?
Finally.
Although his monk-like life supports his solid body, he is not immune from disease. After two malignant fevers in 1544 and 1546, his health never recovered. Bladder stones, gout and various pains made him exhausted.
1560 In the spring, vasari went to see him and found him extremely weak. He hardly goes out and hardly sleeps at night; Everything makes people think that he is dying. The older you get, the gentler you are, and the easier you cry.
? I went to see Michelangelo. Vasari wrote. ? He didn't expect me to go, so when he saw me, he looked as happy as a father who found his lost son. He put his arm around my neck and kissed me again and again, crying with joy. ?
But he never lost his sober mind and energy. It was in this meeting that he and vasari had a long talk about art and guiding vasari's work, and then rode with him to St. Peter's Church. He was 85 years old then.
156 1 In August, he caught a cold. He worked barefoot for three hours, and suddenly he fell to the ground, cramping all over. His servant Antonio found him unconscious. Cavalieri, Bandini and Carl cagney came running at once. At that time, Michelangelo was awake. A few days later, he started riding out and continued to paint Pianmen.
This eccentric old man won't allow others to take care of him under any circumstances. His friends went to great lengths to learn that he had caught a cold again, and only careless servants accompanied him.
His successor Leonardo was severely reprimanded by him for coming to Rome, but now he even dares not come here rashly because of his uncle's health problems. 1July 563, he entrusted tanner? Special? Voltaire asked Michelangelo if he would like to see him; In addition, in anticipation of Michaelis' doubts about his future, he added that his business is improving and he is rich and needs nothing. The sly old man asked people to answer him that he was very happy in this case and he would give the few money he saved to the poor.
He always works. 1February 564 12, he stood all day mourning for Christ. 14, he had a fever. Carl cagney ran away when he learned about it, but he couldn't be found in his home. In spite of the rain, he went for a walk in the suburbs. When he came back, Calcagni said he shouldn't go out in this weather.
? What do you want me to do？ Michelangelo replied. I am ill, so I can't rest anywhere. ?
The inaccuracy of his words, his eyes and his face greatly disturbed Karl cagney. He immediately wrote to Leonardo, saying: Although the end may not be now, it is not far away. ?
It was not until the day before his death that he promised to stay in bed. He read the will among friends and servants, and his mind was very clear. He released it? His soul was dedicated to God, but his body turned to dust? . He asked? At least go back after death? His dear Fei Lengcui. So, what about him? From the terrible storm to the sweet peace. ?
It was a Friday in mid-February, at 5 pm. At sunset? The end of his life, the first day of peace in heaven! ?
At last he rested. He achieved his expected goal: he was out of time.
? Happy soul, for him, time is no longer passing! ?
Note: Michelangelo was a great painter, sculptor, architect and poet in the Italian Renaissance. (Excerpted from the Biography of Michelangelo, translated by Fu Lei, abridged)
1, the following analysis and summary of the work, there are two incorrect () () (5 points)
A. Although Michelangelo was ill in his later years, he still worked hard to overcome his illness and was diligent in artistic creation. The author of this article fully expressed his admiration and praise between the lines.
B. Michelangelo's health never recovered after his illness, and his body was extremely weak, but he never lost his sober mind and energy, and he didn't care about death, even thinking that death came too slowly.
C, although Michelangelo was 85 years old and still ill, he also discussed the art problems with vasari for a long time, and rode to St. Peter with vasari, which shows his concentration and love for art.
D. Michelangelo's nephew Leonardo is very rich. He is very concerned about Michelangelo's health. He asked people to express their thoughts that he was going to visit his uncle, and Michelangelo was very happy about it.
E. The article describes Michelangelo's life in his later years and the scene before his death, and depicts his great image of dedication to art and selfless work, which gives people deep thinking.
2. What does the penultimate paragraph of the article say? He achieved what he expected: he was out of time? Please analyze the meaning of this sentence briefly. (4 points)
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3.michelangelo once said? Melancholy is my happiness? He has no family and lives an ascetic life. Some people think that Michelangelo's life is a failure and unhappy. Do you agree with this view? Tell me your opinion. (6 points)
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Read the following biography and answer the questions.
Autobiography: Fifty Years of Literary Life
I am a person who is not good at talking. Only when I am not good at words, can't express my thoughts, can't pour out my feelings, I have to turn to paper and pencil to let the burning fire gush out, so I wrote a novel.
I am not a writer, but I have been writing for more than fifty years. Everyone will come into contact with literature in different ways. I like reading novels since I was a child, and sometimes I even forget to eat and sleep, but not for study, but for recreation. I never dreamed that I would become a novelist. I started writing novels just to find a way out.
I came from a big family of bureaucrats and landlords in Chengdu, Sichuan, and lived in twenty or thirty so-called? A gentleman? There are twenty or thirty so-called? Inferiority? I spent my childhood in the middle. In a rich environment, I came into contact with the miserable life of a valet and a sedan chair. Under the pressure of hypocritical and selfish elders, I heard the groans of young people's lives.
I feel that there is a problem in our society, but I don't know where the problem is and how to cure it. I regard this big family as an autocratic kingdom. I sat in the prison of the old ethics, watching many close people struggle and suffer, without youth and happiness, and finally died miserably. They were all killed by decadent feudal morality, traditional ideas and the temporary willfulness of two or three people. I left my old family like a terrible shadow. I ran from Shanghai to Paris at the age of 23, in a strange place, trying to find a way to save people, save the world and save myself. It is a bit exaggerated to say that saving people and saving the world, but it is true to say that saving yourself. At that time, the situation was like this: I couldn't pour out my feelings, and there was nowhere to vent my love and hate. It seems that there is no shore in the boundless sea of suffering, and there is nowhere to put my heart. I can't live if I can't calm my heart. 1927 In the spring, I lived on the fifth floor of a small apartment in the Latin quarter of Paris, in a small room full of gas and onions. I'm lonely and miserable. In a room where the sun is hard to shine, I miss my motherland and my relatives. My motherland is in a revolutionary and counter-revolutionary struggle, and the people are being slaughtered. In Paris, there was a movement to rescue two Italian workers, N. Sacco and B. Vanzetti, who were falsely accused of theft and murder and spent six years on death row in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. I often go to help them. There are posters all over the street? Toastmasters? 、? Protest? Poster of. I read the so-called? Prisoner? One of Fan Zaidi's? Autobiography? There is something like this in it:? I hope that every family has a house, everyone has bread, every soul is educated, and everyone's wisdom has opportunities for development. ? I am very excited. Fan Zaidi told me what was in his heart.
My residence is next to the Pantheon. I pass the Pantheon every day. On a rainy night, I stood in front of Rousseau's bronze statue and paid tribute to it? Dream of eliminating oppression and inequality? what's up Geneva citizen? Talk about my despair and pain. Back in the lonely and quiet room, I sat down and wrote a letter to the condemned prisoners in American prisons (the reply finally came, and Fan Zaidi wrote in the letter:? Youth is the hope of mankind. ? A few months later, he was put to death in the electric chair, and it took them fifty years to settle their feud. I called Fan Zaidi my husband in the preface of my first novel Death. It is in this atmosphere and mood that I began to write some scenes similar to novels (this is the advantage of reading novels too much, otherwise I can't even write scenes similar to novels), which made my pain, my loneliness and my enthusiasm become lines on paper.
My past love and hate, sadness and joy, suffering and sympathy, hope and struggle have all come to my pen. I wrote quickly, and the burning fire in my heart gradually went out, so I could close my eyes calmly. The knot in my heart was untied and I was saved.
After that, whenever I have time, I will pour out my feelings with paper and pen to comfort my young and lonely heart. The following year, my first novel was finished. In August, I came from the French town of Shado? Giry sent it back to China and asked a friend who worked in Mingkai Bookstore in Shanghai for advice. I'm going to try to print it myself for my eldest brother (at that time, the printing fee was not expensive, and I was going to translate a novel and sell it to a bookstore, and then print the book after I got the manuscript fee). When I returned to Shanghai at the end of this year, my friend told me that my novel would be serialized in Novel Monthly, saying that Mr. Ye Shengtao, the acting editor-in-chief of this magazine, saw it and decided to introduce it to readers. Novel Monthly was the authoritative magazine at that time, which opened the way for me to enter the literary world smoothly. (Excerpted from Ba Jin's autobiography)
1, the following analysis and summary of the information in the article, there are two incorrect () () (5 points)
A. Ba Jin is a man who is not good at words. He broke his word and his feelings could not be expressed. When he was upset, he had to turn to paper and pencils.
B, the author was born in a wealthy family, saw the living conditions of ordinary people with his own eyes, saw the darkness of society, and sprouted the idea of saving the people, saving the world and saving himself.
C. Ba Jin likes novels since he was a child. After fifty years of writing, he finally became a novelist.
D. The life experience near the Pantheon inspired the author's writing enthusiasm and wrote his first novel, Death.
E. Ye Shengtao's insight helped Ba Jin successfully enter the literary world.
Please simply appreciate the details of life in Paris from the perspective of writing skills. (4 points)
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In the third paragraph, the author says? Want to find a way to save mankind, save the world and save yourself? And say? It's a bit exaggerated to say that saving people and saving the world, but it's true to say that saving yourself? . But in fact, Ba Jin's literary creation not only saved himself, but also really played a role? Save the world? The role of. How to understand? Save yourself? With what? Save the world? Relationship? (6 points)
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