Primary school students' mental health case article 1
I. Basic information
Lin XX, male, a third-grade primary school student, has a smart mind and good language skills. However, they have poor self-control, are inattentive in class, are either talking nonsense or doing little tricks, can't concentrate on listening, and often seriously interfere with the class order. They tend to be hyperactive in their behavior: 1, hyperactive: (1) They often wriggle around in their seats and do a lot of little tricks. (2) Running around and crawling around in some places that should not be moved. (3) It is difficult to play quietly. (4) Often talk too much, endlessly. 2, inattention: (1) In learning, I don't pay attention to details and am careless. (2) It is difficult to concentrate when doing things. (3) often can't do things completely according to the requirements. (4) often throw away some commonly used things. (5) It is often easy to be distracted by irrelevant stimuli. (6) Often forget things. 3, the response is very slow: (1) exams are often not completed within the specified time. (2) It takes two or three times as long to write a word. (3) It takes three or four seconds to be called by the teacher in class.
Second, the diagnosis and cause analysis
1, parents are busy with work and have no time to take care of their children, so they can't find the problems of their children in time, and when they find the problems of their children, the problems are already very serious. At this time, their expectations of children are easy to be too high. It is obviously unrealistic to hope that children can get rid of bad habits through one or two educations.
2. There are serious deviations in family education. Father's education method is simple and rude, using sticks to educate, and mother dotes on it. Because of the inconsistency of family education concepts, his bad behavior habits have not been fundamentally changed. As time goes on, his inattention becomes more and more difficult to correct.
Three. Education and consultation process
1. Intervention in the school environment.
① Adjust the seat. Because a child's attention is easily distracted, any visual or auditory signal will divert his attention. So I chose the students who were more disciplined in class to sit next to him, before and after him. And let him sit in front of the classroom, so that I can pay attention to him at any time, take measures against his bad behavior, and remind him in time when he is distracted.
② Change teaching methods. Adopt flexible, interesting and happy teaching methods, strive for the opportunity for him to speak in each class, and strive to bring him into the classroom so as not to let his attention wander outside the classroom.
③ Expectation of learning: Choose appropriate learning goals, lower expectations, find out suitable learning methods, reduce his workload as much as possible, lighten his learning burden, and strengthen the training of his learning skills, such as doing homework accurately and checking carefully.
2. Intervention in family management. I contacted my parents in time to cooperate with each other and discuss the intervention plan together. Parents are required to have a comprehensive and objective understanding of their children's situation, maintain a normal mind, choose appropriate learning goals for their children, and don't ask too much. In addition, provide parents with some good educational methods to help their children establish good study habits, instead of accompanying their children to do homework day after day.
(1) Help family members make clear rules and have certain rules. This is very important for ordinary children, especially children who are distracted, so that children's activities at home are regular and parents' regulations should be concise and to the point. The more specific the rules, the easier it is for children to restrain themselves.
② Self-control ability training: Encourage parents to help him establish the self-management ability of independent study and life, make his own study plan, arrange his own schoolbag, learn to take notes and learn to improve his study efficiency.
③ Homework management: Parents are encouraged to use some methods to cultivate their children's ability to finish homework independently. Carefully record the content of homework, give appropriate guidance, finish it on time, give timely feedback to the completed homework, take some strengthening measures, praise the correct behavior of accelerating learning, increase adaptive behavior and reduce problem behavior.
3. Behavior correction. For children with special inattention, general education alone is not enough, and their behavior should be corrected according to their situation. For Dong XX, I mainly adopted two correction methods.
① Positive reinforcement method: its purpose is to make a certain behavior sustainable through reward and encouragement, which is suitable for treating hyperactivity and learning difficulties. Before applying the positive reinforcement method, I first decided to change his inattention, because inattention will lead to his learning disabilities. Focus on helping him form the habit of listening carefully. When he listens carefully, give him positive reinforcement immediately, such as praising him in front of the whole class or giving him a little star. He felt happy and satisfied because he was rewarded in time. Every time he attends class, he will look forward to it and try to restrain himself, hoping to get my praise. Occasionally, when he is distracted, as long as he sees me looking at him, he will immediately restrain himself.
② Follow-up consultation. Have an individual conversation every two weeks to encourage him to love his classmates, respect his teachers, concentrate on his studies and help him form good habits.
Fourth, the counseling effect.
The main change is his attention, especially his active attention. In class, he can sit quietly in his seat and concentrate on listening to the teacher, so he is not easily influenced by external stimuli. The amount of activities and small moves are reduced, the irrelevant activities that were originally carried out in the classroom disappear, and the effective listening time is increased.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
Facing the example of Lin xx, let me know more about the role of motivation for middle and low level students. Therefore, for such students, we should be persuasive and not be too hasty. Don't focus on children's poor performance, pay more attention to their strengths and specialties, let them notice their own shortcomings step by step, change slowly, and let them realize their progress through multiple evaluations and activities. So as to shift attention to study, and finally form a good habit of studying hard.
Primary school mental health case 2
I. Basic information of the case
Amswf, male, 9 years old, a third-grade student. Personality characteristics: lively and active, extroverted, willing to do good for the collective, proactive and enthusiastic, parents' primary school culture.
Two. Overview of main problems
The student is not interested in learning and usually doesn't pay enough attention in class. He always plays with his head down. The teacher never attends class. He can only look at the blackboard for a few minutes at a time, and his head is lowered again. Unwilling to do homework, careless in homework, active and playful, and have many bad behavior habits. Huan praised the teacher, sometimes very positive, but he was often criticized by the teacher for making mistakes. He has a good attitude towards admitting his mistake, but he will commit it again in the future, and he especially likes to fight with his classmates. In addition, when writing new words, it is easy for him to write backwards, or to write more strokes and less strokes. After communicating with parents many times through home visits, he learned that the student was naughty at home and his favorite activity was watching TV.
Three. Evaluation and diagnosis
According to the relevant knowledge of psychology, it can be judged that this kind of behavior of the student belongs to psychological behavior disorder. Psychological barriers of students include physical barriers, emotional barriers and behavioral barriers. Students' behavior disorder refers to the behavior problems caused by maladjustment, difficulty in self-regulation, lack of proper guidance and help and the influence of some external incentives in school and family daily life. It mainly includes bad habits, ADHD, dependent behavior, withdrawal behavior and aggressive behavior.
Behavior, moral behavior, etc.
Iv. Items and measures of mental health consultation
In view of this student's bad behavior, I have taken many measures in the process of counseling, one of which is to cooperate closely with my family and educate him psychologically, which has achieved good results. The measures taken are as follows:
1, talk more about understanding and communication.
Take a moment to talk to him as an equal and know what he is thinking. At first, he didn't want to talk about it. With my encouragement and persuasion, he told me something about his family and himself.
2. Formulate a reasonable work and rest system.
In order to ensure that children can engage in various activities energetically at school, they must get enough rest and sleep. I especially emphasize to parents not to let him watch TV for a long time, because when watching TV, the child is in a state of listening but not watching, which can easily cause the child to be in this state in class. Parents are advised to cultivate the habit of reading.
3. Care for students and build up self-confidence to overcome yourself.
Someone once said: Education is not to transform people, but to awaken people and awaken the sleeping giants in their hearts. ? It can be seen that to educate a child in this way, we must first affirm that he is a good boy and then point out his mistakes. Because education is a mutual activity and communication. For this student's behavior, I didn't criticize and reprimand him rudely, but patiently told him that everyone could make mistakes. The key is to have the courage to admit and correct mistakes. Only in this way can parents, teachers and classmates understand. When he can realize his bad behavior and feel pain because of criticism from his parents and classmates, I think it is most important to help him build up confidence to overcome himself at this time. I treat him with trust, inspire him with sincere words, understand his thoughts in time and establish a good teacher-student relationship; I often tell him some examples of Chinese and foreign scientists who have worked hard, forgotten their work and made great contributions to the cause of human civilization and progress, so that he can gradually understand that he should learn his skills well from an early age. I also told him the story of many Chinese and foreign celebrities, whose academic performance was not ideal when they were young, and who eventually became a world celebrity through their efforts, telling others that their potential is endless. Only those who are confident, hard-working, broad-minded and able to accept other people's opinions can achieve great things. Attract attention to study, inspire and induce him to get out of the wrong psychological misunderstanding, thus forming a healthy and upward personality and psychological quality.
Case 3 of mental health of primary school students
I. Case introduction
Mao is a female classmate in grade six in our class. She has a pair of big talking eyes, yellow hair, slightly curly, average grades, medium IQ, shy, introverted, informal in front of people, and never raises her hand in class. When the teacher asks questions, she always answers with her head down, her voice is unclear and her face is red. After class, she always sits quietly in her seat in a daze except going to the toilet. When the teacher asked her to play with her classmates, she would only smile at you and still sit still. Usually I always shut myself in my room and don't play with my classmates. On holidays, her parents asked her to play together, and she didn't go, not even to her grandmother's house.
Two. case analysis
Everyone has a sense of inferiority and timidity to varying degrees. Some students have successfully gone through primary school for five years, and they also have certain strength and advantages. Faced with fierce competition, they feel that they can't do this, and they are not as good as others. Inferiority makes them lack the courage and confidence to compete. When they enter the sixth grade, especially when they take the graduation exam, they may feel uneasy. Once frustrated in the middle, they lack psychological endurance and always feel that they really can't. In the fierce competition, this psychological obstacle is the enemy of success.
1. Personal factors
Through observation, I found that she was negatively affected by inferiority, shyness, anxiety and fear for a long time. The heavy psychological burden made him unable to correctly evaluate his own abilities and always doubted his own advantages. Even in the face of success, it is difficult to appreciate the joy of success, thus falling into a vicious circle of failure. This will seriously affect his healthy physical and mental development.
2. Family factors
Nowadays, most families are only-child families, which leads parents to expect their children to succeed and causes many primary school students to bear a heavy burden. When students can't meet their parents' expectations, they will form inferiority complex, deny themselves and doubt themselves, and emotional obstacles such as anxiety, worry, loneliness and isolation will follow. Mothers can't help their children with their studies. Fathers don't go home until late at night every night. They only occasionally ask about their studies. They have high expectations for their children, but their expressions are rude.
3. Teacher factors
In school, if teachers don't know enough about some students and pay little attention to them, it will easily lead to low evaluation of these students. Once this happens, after a few months or several semesters, these students will gradually feel lost and can't get timely praise and appreciation from teachers. Over time, they will deny some of their behaviors and ideas, gradually distrust their abilities and levels, and become less and less confident. At this time, inferiority gradually gained the upper hand. In addition, teachers are increasingly favoring a few top students, which is a heavy pressure for most students in the middle state and generally breeds serious inferiority complex. Coupled with teachers' one-sided understanding of students, they are more and more partial to top students, which further deepens the psychological pressure of primary school students and makes students' inferiority complex increasingly serious.
Years of experience as a head teacher told me that Mao's classmates may have this situation because she has certain psychological problems. How to help him overcome his inferiority complex and get out of this shadow?
Three. Consulting strategy
I have been doing this in my class since this semester. The class is my home, and management depends on everyone? After a period of hard work, I was pleasantly surprised to find that Mao's condition has obviously improved. Under the influence of class activities, she gradually eliminated her inferiority complex and really established a good mentality of "I can do it". Now she not only likes playing games with her classmates, but also actively participates in class management and grade management. Seeing the changes in her body can be said to be a lot of feelings:
1. Encourage education and inspire confidence.
? Teacher love is the foundation of education? In order to get rid of my fear of Mao, I often chat with Mao intentionally or unintentionally after school. At noon, when she took a nap at school, she tucked her in and asked her to help me with my homework and hand out my exercise books. She never criticizes her publicly in class, and praises her in time when she finds that she has made progress. She often says to her classmates: Look, we sit up straight today! Our classmate Mao answered this question loudly. Our? In the intentional or unintentional tone, the whole class is regarded as a whole, and Mao is a member of our whole. Gradually, Mao began to like being close to me. Once, she naively asked me: Teacher, are you a teacher? Do I look like a teacher? I asked. ? Not exactly. You always laugh in class, but the teacher doesn't laugh in class! ? I happily took her hand and said, good boy, this is because you don't know, in fact, there are many teachers who love to laugh in class! ?
2. Build confidence and stimulate motivation.
I remember a class held an inter-group speech contest. As a timid girl, Mao was selected by her group. I knew this was the opportunity given to her by the team members, so I mobilized her good friends and invited them to join in. At first, she didn't want to. Finally, with the encouragement of her parents and teachers, she joined. He did a good job. I and other teachers praised her as a model of our class. She showed a happy smile in front of her classmates for the first time. Since then, she has changed a lot. I seem to be interested in many classes. After constant encouragement and consolidation, she has made progress. One day she asked me, "Can I do it?" I said, "You are so good, of course you can. The speeches are so good, what else can't be done! " She nodded excitedly. Since then, she has worked very hard and made a leap in her grades.
3. Pay attention to family and improve ability.
A large part of Mao's psychological inferiority lies in his family's educational environment and methods. So, I invited her parents, analyzed Mao's performance and reasons at school in detail, communicated with them, gave feedback, and discussed ways to solve their children's bad psychological conditions together, and suggested that parents choose appropriate educational methods. We should provide students with inferiority complex with opportunities to express themselves. For example, at home: when a guest comes home, parents can ask her to hand tea and peel candy for the guest, or let her play with the guest for a while and give you a performance. At the same time, let children do housework properly, improve their self-care ability and exercise their ability to communicate with their families from housework. Give affirmation and praise to children's progress.
4. Evaluate and improve self-confidence.
Carry out various appraisal activities to encourage them to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. We asked her to set up her own growth file and evaluate it once a month, so that she could record her progress through self-evaluation and group evaluation. In the evaluation, Mao got satisfaction from others' affirmation and gained confidence. In self-criticism, learn to reflect and gradually improve yourself. In order to arouse her awareness of self-education, give her a correct evaluation once a month, and Mao's outstanding personal deeds are collectively praised in the class and at the parent-teacher meeting. This fully mobilized her enthusiasm, made him self-motivated in evaluation, and produced personal strength, self-discipline, self-confidence and self-improvement
5. Participate in management and be confident and self-reliant.
Through in-depth self-management projects, we have given students more self-management space. In class, we advocate "class cadre rotation system" and "team leader responsibility system". In the grade, we introduced various management positions to enable students to be completely independent, self-disciplined, confident and self-reliant. After some encouragement, Mao also actively participated in various independent operations. Since the monitor, her views on herself, her classmates and things have changed obviously. She no longer indulges in inferiority complex, but shows more self-confidence and self-improvement. In management, Mao found some management problems. By communicating with teachers and cooperating with classmates, her group not only passed all the evaluations, but also ranked among the best in the class. Seeing her grades, Mao smiled. Since then, she has been more self-disciplined, positive and confident in her studies. 6. Effect of consultation
Through psychological counseling and our care and help, she has changed a lot now. Mao's academic performance continues to improve, and the school's mock exam results are sixth in the class. After class, he can actively communicate with his classmates and play games. He can raise his hand and speak loudly in class. Parents also reported that they took the initiative to study at home, were willing to tell their parents about the class and took the initiative to help their parents do some housework.
Verb (short for verb) conclusion.
Will feel inferior, often because of lack of self-confidence, or dissatisfied with one's own place and feel inferior. No matter how many bad things you have, don't lose confidence in yourself. Confidence is your own. Once you lose it, it's hard to get it back, but as long as you always have confidence in yourself, you are not afraid of inferiority. For people with inferiority complex, we should pay more attention to them and let them feel the warmth of home!
Facing Mao's success, I realized the role of encouragement and collective strength. Therefore, for students like Mao, we should convince others with reason and not rush into it. Teachers should not focus on children's poor performance, but should pay more attention to children's strengths and specialties, let children gradually let go of their feelings, slowly change their incorrect thinking about things around them, let themselves integrate into the group, feel the goodwill given to children a little, and let children be confident and self-reliant through multiple evaluations and activities. So as to shift their attention to parents, teachers and peers, and finally eliminate the gap with everyone and be willing to accept the education of educators.