A: Since 1977, when Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed to restore and rebuild the education supervision system, China's education supervision work has gone through 30 years of development, and the education supervision system has been gradually improved with the country's reform, opening up and education reform and development. From 65438 to 0995, the Education Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated by the state listed the education supervision system as the national basic education system. In addition, a series of laws and regulations, such as the Compulsory Education Law, the Vocational Education Law and the Private Education Promotion Law, promulgated and implemented by the state, all stipulate the functions of educational supervision. However, up to now, there is not a special and complete education supervision law and regulation.
There are four important backgrounds for the promulgation and implementation of the Regulations: First, education reform and development has entered a new era. At present, China is in a new historical stage of transformation from a big education country to a strong education country and from a big human resource country to a strong human resource country. The new situation puts forward higher requirements for education supervision, which needs to play a more important escort role in implementing the strategy of giving priority to education development, promoting education equity and improving education quality. Only by further establishing the function of educational supervision in law can we fundamentally ensure the completion of the objectives and tasks of educational reform and development in the new period proposed in the Outline of Education Planning. Second, the central government requires the transformation of government administrative functions. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council demanded that in the process of the transformation of government functions, we should establish and improve the power structure and operation mechanism in which decision-making, implementation and supervision are mutually restricted and coordinated, and form an administrative management system with consistent powers and responsibilities, reasonable division of labor, scientific decision-making, smooth implementation and strong supervision. Establishing the legal status of educational supervision is an important measure to establish and improve the administrative management system in which educational decision-making, implementation and supervision are coordinated. Third, some educational powers in the world are strengthening educational supervision. For example, France, Britain, Australia and other countries have defined the status and authority of educational supervision by establishing laws and regulations, and established relatively perfect educational supervision institutions, supervision systems and working systems. Fourthly, an educational supervision system with China characteristics has been initially established. At present, a four-level education supervision network has been formed at the central, provincial, municipal and county levels, a full-time and part-time education supervision team of nearly 50,000 people has been established, three major system frameworks of "supervising government", "supervising schools" and supervision have been constructed, and the basic work system of education supervision has been established. At the same time, local people's governments at all levels have created many effective experiences and practices in the practice of educational supervision. Only by promptly promoting the achievements of educational supervision theory and practice in the past 30 years, summing up successful experiences and practices, forming national laws and regulations, and improving the scientificity and authority of educational supervision can we better standardize and guide the educational supervision work throughout the country.
Q: How did the regulations go through the formulation process?
A: The formulation of the Regulations has roughly gone through three stages: in the first stage, since 2004, the Ministry of Education has studied and discussed many important issues such as the framework structure, supervision nature, supervision system, supervision content, responsibilities of supervision institutions, and the status of inspectors. In the second stage, the "Regulations" (draft) was studied and drafted in 2007. On August 5, 2007, the Ministry of Education submitted the Regulations (Draft for Review) to the State Council. In 2008, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council twice solicited the opinions of more than 30 the State Council departments, governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, some schools and experts, and extensively solicited the opinions of the society through the legal information network of China Municipal Government, thus forming the "Regulations (Draft)". In the third stage, on 20 10, the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, issued an outline of education planning, explicitly requiring the formulation of educational supervision regulations and further improving the educational supervision system. To this end, the State Council Legislative Affairs Office, Ministry of Education and other relevant departments have repeatedly studied and discussed, revised and improved the "Regulations" (draft), and organized experts to demonstrate. 20 1 1 Relevant leaders of the State Council called relevant responsible comrades of the Ministry of Education, the Central Organization Establishment Committee and the Legislative Affairs Office to coordinate relevant issues and further revise and improve the "Regulations (Draft)". On August 20 12, the the State Council standing Committee deliberated and passed the regulations (draft). On September 20 12, the State Council officially promulgated the regulations.
Q: What is the significance of the promulgation of the regulations?
A: The Regulations are the first educational supervision regulations in China, which indicates that educational supervision is on the track of legalization and will certainly promote the profound changes in educational development and management methods. First, it is conducive to improving the basic education system, forming a more powerful education supervision system that coordinates decision-making and implementation, promoting the full implementation of relevant national education laws, regulations, principles and policies, and changing the current situation of "emphasizing decision-making, neglecting implementation, and neglecting supervision" in China's education administration. Second, it is conducive to strengthening the supervision of governments at all levels in implementing educational laws, regulations, principles and policies according to law, promoting government administration according to law, earnestly fulfilling educational responsibilities, and promoting the priority development of education. Third, it is conducive to the implementation of quality education in schools at all levels, urging schools to run schools according to law, follow the laws of education, and comprehensively improve the quality of education. Fourth, it is conducive to promoting educational equity, promoting the coordinated development of all kinds of education at all levels and the balanced development of compulsory education, urging and solving the current hot and difficult problems in education, such as the shortage of pre-school education resources, the "school choice fever" in compulsory education stage, and the excessive academic burden of primary and secondary school students, so as to promote the healthy and harmonious development of education.
Q: What are the main contents of the Regulations? What are the main features?
A: This Regulation is formulated in order to ensure the implementation of education laws, regulations and rules, and the national education guidelines and policies, implement quality education, improve the quality of education, and promote the healthy development of education. The Regulations are divided into five chapters and 27 articles, which clearly define the scope of application, principles, institutions, supervision, implementation and legal responsibilities of educational supervision, and constitute a complete and standardized system. It has the following main features:
First, it is clear that the supervisory organ is an organization of the people's government. Educational supervision institutions are the supervision institutions of the State Council in the central government and the education supervision institutions of local people's governments at or above the county level in the local government. It provides a legal basis for changing the current situation that most educational supervision institutions are only internal institutions of educational administrative departments.
Second, it is clear that the supervision organization independently exercises the educational supervision function. Educational supervision institutions independently exercise their functions under the leadership of the people's government at the same level, which strengthens the relative independence of educational supervision institutions and functions and provides a legal basis for establishing an educational administrative supervision system that is mutually restrictive and coordinated with educational decision-making and implementation.
The third is to expand the scope of educational supervision. In the past, the scope of educational supervision was mainly basic education, and the objects of supervision were mainly primary and secondary schools. Clearly include all kinds of education at all levels in the scope of supervision, and expand the scope of supervision to lower-level governments and their functional departments, schools and educational institutions at all levels to achieve full coverage.
The fourth is to establish the status of inspectors. The state implements the system of supervision. This provides a legal basis for further establishing the inspector qualification system and lays the foundation for the inspector team to gradually move towards the professional track.
The fifth is to standardize the types and procedures of educational supervision. Educational supervision is divided into three categories: comprehensive supervision, special supervision and routine supervision, which respectively define the work focus and strict procedures, which is conducive to ensuring the openness, fairness and effectiveness of supervision.
Sixth, supervision and accountability have been strengthened. The supervision report shall serve as an important basis for assessment, reward and punishment of the supervised unit and its principal responsible person. This further enhances the authority, compulsion and effectiveness of educational supervision.
Q: What are the main contents of the Inspector Ordinance?
A: The Education Steering Group is a specialized educational administrative supervision team. The inspector shall be a person who is familiar with relevant laws, regulations, rules, principles and policies and has experience in educational administration and teaching. This is determined by the task of educational supervision in China, which is both "supervising the government" and "supervising the school". The Regulations clearly define the identity, duties, powers and obligations of inspectors, highlighting the important position and role of inspectors in the supervision work, which is the first time in national laws and regulations.
First, it is clearly stipulated to equip full-time inspectors and hire part-time inspectors. The people's governments at or above the county level shall provide full-time inspectors for educational supervision institutions, indicating that the supervision institutions must set up special administrative establishment and be equipped with full-time inspectors. At the same time, educational supervision institutions can hire part-time inspectors according to their work needs, which is a legal recognition of the current practice of appointing inspectors.
The second is to clarify the qualifications of inspectors. The "Regulations" stipulate six conditions that inspectors should meet, including political quality, policy level, moral conduct, basic education, professional ability and physical condition. At the same time, it is also stipulated that those who meet these conditions must pass the examination of educational supervision institutions before they can be appointed as inspectors by the people's governments at or above the county level or by educational supervision institutions.
The third is to clarify the requirements of inspectors. The "Regulations" stipulate that inspectors should abide by laws, regulations and rules and follow the laws of education in the process of implementing supervision; We must seek truth from facts, objectively and fairly reflect the actual situation, and we must not conceal or fabricate facts.
The fourth is to clarify the supervision management. The "Regulations" not only enable inspectors to obtain legal status and legal rights when performing official duties, but also clarify the responsibilities and obligations that inspectors should bear, assess their performance of duties, and punish inspectors for abusing their powers. This will play a positive role in changing the situation that inspectors have no fixed number of staff and unclear responsibilities, standardizing inspectors' behavior, improving inspectors' authority, mobilizing inspectors' enthusiasm and enhancing the stability of inspectors.
Q: What are the main provisions of the Regulations on the Implementation of Education Supervision?
A: Implementing educational supervision is an important part of educational supervision. Only by implementing educational supervision well can we ensure the objectivity and effectiveness of educational supervision and improve its credibility and effectiveness. To this end, the "Regulations" made the following provisions:
The first is to clarify regulatory matters. Education supervision institutions mainly supervise the implementation of quality education in schools, the construction of principals and teachers, the management and use of education investment, the popularization level and balanced development of compulsory education, and the layout and coordinated development of various types of education at all levels.
The second is strict supervision procedures. To implement special inspection or comprehensive inspection, it is necessary to determine the inspection items in advance, set up an inspection team, and issue a written inspection notice to the inspected unit in advance. In the process of supervision, the public should be consulted on the supervised unit, and the opinions of students, their parents and teachers should be listened to in various forms. The supervision team comments on the self-evaluation report, on-site inspection and public opinions of the supervised unit, forms preliminary supervision opinions, and gives feedback to the supervised unit. According to the preliminary supervision opinions of the supervision group, the education supervision institution comprehensively analyzes the defense opinions of the supervised units and issues supervision opinions to the supervised units.
The third is to establish a regulatory responsibility area. County-level educational supervision institutions shall set up areas of responsibility for educational supervision according to the layout of schools within their respective administrative areas, and assign inspectors to regularly supervise the education and teaching work of schools within their areas of responsibility. The responsible inspector shall regularly supervise the schools in the area of responsibility, not less than 2 times per semester. At the end of regular supervision, the inspector shall submit a report to the educational supervision institution; If it is found that illegal school running or endangering the safety of teachers and students, it shall promptly urge schools and relevant departments to deal with it.
The fourth is to establish a system of rectification, inspection report and notification within a time limit. After the supervision, the supervised unit shall make rectification according to the supervision opinions, and report the rectification to the education supervision institution. Educational supervision institutions shall verify the rectification of the supervised units. After the special supervision or comprehensive supervision, the education supervision institution shall submit a supervision report to the people's government at the corresponding level. The institutions in charge of educational supervision of local people's governments at or above the county level shall also report the supervision report to the educational supervision institutions of the people's governments at the next higher level for the record. The supervision report shall be announced to the public.
Q: How to enforce the regulations?
A: All localities should fully understand the importance of implementing the Regulations. From the height of promoting the development of educational science, we should further strengthen the construction of educational supervision as the basic system of education and further play its important guiding role in implementing quality education. Based on the current situation, focusing on the long-term, actively exploring and paying close attention to implementation. All regions, departments and educational supervision institutions should take the promulgation of the Regulations as an opportunity to study, publicize and implement, establish and improve the educational supervision system with China characteristics, and make educational supervision a powerful guarantee for promoting educational reform and development.
First, improve the "supervision of government" and "supervision of schools" and the monitoring system to promote the implementation of the educational planning outline. Establish a supervision and evaluation system for local people's governments at all levels to fulfill their educational responsibilities, and promote local governments at all levels to implement the education priority development strategy and develop management education. Carry out the work of "inspector" to promote the full implementation of quality education. To meet the new requirements of full coverage of education supervision, we should improve the supervision and evaluation index system of preschool education, compulsory education, ordinary high school education, vocational education and higher education, formulate supervision and evaluation standards, develop supervision and evaluation tools, improve supervision and evaluation methods, and form a scientific and perfect school supervision and evaluation system. Strengthen quality control and promote the reform of educational evaluation model. Explore the quality evaluation system to promote the development of educational science at all levels. Based on the monitoring results, the education quality is analyzed dynamically and scientifically, and the laws of talent growth, education management and education evaluation are deeply studied, so as to provide basis for improving education and teaching and perfecting policies and measures.
The second is to strengthen the construction of supervision institutions and inspectors to improve the scientific level of educational supervision. All localities should, in accordance with the requirements of the "Regulations", establish and improve local educational supervision institutions at all levels that are suitable for and independently exercise their supervision functions. According to the needs of supervision work, increase the establishment and equip with sufficient personnel. Establish the inspector qualification certificate system and formulate the inspector qualification standard with specialization as the core. According to the scale of educational development, we should equip inspectors according to the principle of having both ability and political integrity, and strive to build a professional inspector team with strong sense of responsibility, exquisite business and reasonable structure, so as to comprehensively improve the level of educational supervision.
Third, improve the laws and regulations of educational supervision and standardize the work of educational supervision. All localities should formulate and revise local education supervision regulations according to the regulations. Educational supervision institutions should further study and formulate rules and regulations such as inspector appointment methods, inspector management methods, and educational supervision work procedures, improve educational supervision laws and work norms, and make educational supervision at all levels have laws to follow and rules to follow.
Fourth, improve the accountability mechanism and improve the effectiveness of educational supervision. All localities should establish an effective accountability mechanism according to the provisions of the Regulations, and take the results of educational supervision as an important basis for assessment, accountability and implementation of rewards and punishments. It is necessary to strengthen rectification within a time limit. After the supervision activities, the supervised unit is required to rectify the existing problems within a time limit and review the rectification situation. If necessary, you can interview the main person in charge of the supervised unit to ensure that every supervision is effective. To regularly publish supervision and evaluation reports, so that the whole society can understand the progress of education, the main problems and improvement measures, and accept social supervision.
Governments at all levels should put educational supervision on the important agenda and study and solve major problems in educational supervision. All departments should strengthen coordination, actively cooperate, integrate resources, establish a linkage working mechanism, and form a working pattern with education supervision institutions as the mainstay and multi-departments working together. It is necessary to intensify public opinion propaganda, organize various forms of publicity activities, publicize the basic contents and major innovations of the regulations, publicize the new achievements, new experiences and advanced models of educational supervision, and create a good social environment.