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What's the difference between formal education and substantive education?
1. Formal education

(1) Key point: The main task of teaching is to develop students' intelligence and despise the practical value of knowledge. (summarized as: attaching importance to intelligence and neglecting knowledge)

(2) Representative figures: Locke and Pestalozzi.

(3) theoretical basis: functional psychology

2. Substantive education

(1) Key point: The main task of teaching is to teach students practical knowledge, and students' intelligence does not need special training. (summarized as: attaching importance to knowledge and neglecting intelligence)

(2) Representative figures: Herbart and Spencer.

(3) Theoretical basis: associative psychology.