(1) Key point: The main task of teaching is to develop students' intelligence and despise the practical value of knowledge. (summarized as: attaching importance to intelligence and neglecting knowledge)
(2) Representative figures: Locke and Pestalozzi.
(3) theoretical basis: functional psychology
2. Substantive education
(1) Key point: The main task of teaching is to teach students practical knowledge, and students' intelligence does not need special training. (summarized as: attaching importance to knowledge and neglecting intelligence)
(2) Representative figures: Herbart and Spencer.
(3) Theoretical basis: associative psychology.