Everyone is an independent personality, and personality is a comprehensive embodiment of a person's essential characteristics, which is composed of physical strength, spiritual strength, thoughts, feelings, will, personality, emotion and other factors. Personality in education generally refers to a positive personality in harmony with the social environment. The cultivation of personality mainly refers to personalized education, which is an important part of quality education and determines the healthy growth of primary school students.
Educators at home and abroad have put forward incisive views on the concept of personality. Zhu Zhixian, a psychologist in China, thinks: "Personality is the sum total of human characteristics as an individual. Personality psychology refers to the sum total of inclined essential and stable psychological characteristics formed by individuals in social practice, which includes two aspects: personality psychological tendency and personality psychological characteristics. Among them, personality psychological tendency refers to the dynamic system of a person's attitude and behavior towards reality, which mainly includes people's needs, motives, interests, beliefs, ideals and world outlook, and is a multi-faceted, multi-level and multi-level unity. The psychological characteristics of personality refer to the psychological characteristics that a person often and stably displays in his psychological activities. It mainly includes people's temperament, ability and personality. "
First, an overview of personality
(A), the characteristics of personality
In essence, we can understand its basic characteristics from the following aspects:
1, the uniqueness of personality The uniqueness of personality is the relative difference of personality psychology. Personality differences can be divided into two aspects: one is the difference between individuals and others, that is, external differences; Secondly, the development of various psychological qualities within individuals is also unbalanced, especially the imbalance of interest, hobby and ability development, that is, internal differences.
2. Subjectivity of personality is also called independence. Subjectivity is the core content of individuals, and it is also the internal dynamic mechanism of personality formation and development. Subjectivity mainly refers to the initiative, creativity and autonomy of people as the subject of activities in the role of the same object. The development of personality is always the internal self-formation process of the subject, and it is the internal self-construction and self-movement of intelligence, nonverbal intelligence and physiology.
3. Personality differences are the unity of nature and nurture, mainly in the following aspects: First, differences in intelligence, mainly in observation, memory, thinking, imagination and practical ability. The second is the difference of non-intelligence, that is, the emotional intelligence level of students, which is mainly manifested in the difference of students' toughness and willpower. Third, the difference in style, that is, the ability in activities, is a necessary psychological condition for people to carry out activities smoothly. Because of the qualitative differences of individual abilities, they are also different, which is the so-called "personal style of activities".
4. Social inclination of personality The social inclination of personality is also called the inclination of personality consciousness. Personality is the product of social relations, which can not surpass the characteristics of the times, and has a tendency to be close to society, especially the orientation of ideals and moral consciousness. Therefore, individuality is the unity of individualization psychology and socialization psychology, and the great power of education can organically unify them.
(B), the primary personality training
Personality development is a necessary condition for people's all-round development, and the ultimate goal of personality education is to fully explore the potential of every student and develop in all aspects. In the past, the basic goal of education was to cultivate students with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. With the reform of the education system, new courses and new ideas have gradually entered every teaching classroom, which has put forward new requirements for students' development, and the goal of cultivating students' personality is the concentrated embodiment of the goal of cultivating students in the new period.
In order to successfully realize the task of personality education, the forms of educational activities must be diversified to meet the needs of students' personality development, which can generally include the following contents:
? 1, the form of collective activities Under the existing conditions, class collective teaching is still the main form of school education activities. In the process of collective activities, we should insist that students are the main body of cognitive activities, and teachers should not take the place of them, but create all conditions for students to actively participate in activities. This is a basic standard.
? 2. As a supplement and development of the collective, group activities have their unique functions. The grouping here includes extracurricular grouping (by subject) and in-class grouping. It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and try to make group activities occupy a large proportion in school education activities.
? 3. Individual activity forms Individual activities have special significance for students' personality development. They can be carried out in and out of class, in and out of school, such as individual conversation, psychological consultation, skill learning and so on. Educators should not be limited to teachers, but also include parents and people from all walks of life. Personality quality is a person's psychological quality that is constantly and steadily displayed. It mainly includes emotion, will, character and so on. As educators and parents, in the process of cultivating children's growth, we must not ignore the cultivation of children's healthy personality. ?
? Second, personality cultivation.
? (1) Cultivate their pioneering and competitive personalities.
Under the influence of our traditional ideas, we often pay attention to cultivating children's golden mean, docile, upright, adventurous, humble and patient. This is incompatible with the needs of the socialist market economy and the cultivation of new people in the cross-century era. The times call for talents with pioneering and competitive consciousness, who are unconventional and enterprising.
Therefore, some "strange questions" that children usually ask should not be regarded as ignorance or pranks, ignored or reprimanded. Give children some freedom, free their hands and feet, and don't overdo it. For example, when I was a child, I was a "urchin" who was often clever and difficult to deal with. In the second grade of primary school, he asked the teacher, "Can arithmetic be calculated from left to right and from high to low?" The teacher encouraged him to say, "You can try"! Thanks to the encouragement and support of teachers, this unique and bold idea became a reality, which laid the foundation for him to invent the rapid calculation method in his adulthood. It can be seen how important it is to cultivate a personality psychology that dares to face the challenges of the objective world and dare to explore and compete.
? (2) Cultivate their independent personality.
It is hard to imagine how a child who is used to relying on his parents since childhood will adapt to the future society. Therefore, when educating children, it is particularly critical to pay attention to cultivating their independent ability in study, work and life.
? 1, boldly let go and stimulate the desire for independence.
In the process of teaching, the author found a diary circulating among students: "mom, when I eat, you always bring me food;" When I dress, I am always told to wear it; Even when you pee, you follow me, mom! I really hate what you did. "Yes, how much children need a space of independent choice. Such personality needs the correct guidance of parents and teachers. If you do everything for them, it will dampen their enthusiasm for self-service and stifle their independent personality.
2. Use multiple factors to broaden your horizons and instill a sense of independence.
You can't draw a colorful picture in one stroke. Cultivating children's independent personality is not a one-off event. We should combine cultivating children's sense of independence with increasing their knowledge. Let children go out to visit as much as possible, and get in touch with external things and places of interest. And oppose the style of talking on an equal footing. Although our education is usually only a few words, children often interact with each other.
3. Create opportunities for children to exercise in practice.
Since children's independent personality needs to be formed in a long time, it is very necessary for us to create opportunities for them to exercise.
Early independent behavior can start from "self-reliance". For example, students dress themselves, wash their faces, do housework and make their beds, although they do badly. We still have to let him do it. It is important to give him a chance to exercise. Otherwise, children will lose the opportunity to exercise, and naturally cultivating independent personality will become an empty talk.
(3) Cultivate their lively and cheerful personality.
Lively and cheerful, it is a pleasant personality. Such people tend to keep an optimistic attitude, be able to work hard and be proactive, giving people the impression of being full of vigor and vitality.
? 1, let the children choose.
Some people think that children are born naive, lively, simple and lovely, and do not need to be cultivated deliberately. Facts show that children often show rejection and confrontation to any imposed decision. If the members of the school's interest groups are randomly assigned by teachers, students will always feel forced and helpless in their activities. So let children choose freely and exercise their personality.
? 2. Establish harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Good interpersonal relationship is of great significance to the formation of children's lively and cheerful personality, because interpersonal relationship can involve family, school, society and other aspects. If a harmonious relationship is established everywhere, he will smile.
? 3. Cultivate students' extensive interests.
A student with a wide range of interests can read books, play ball, practice calligraphy and play games. Teachers want to learn everything and try everything. Teachers should grasp this feature, cultivate and develop their colorful and healthy hobbies, which not only increases their knowledge, but also enhances their self-confidence.
? (4) Cultivate their responsible and pragmatic personality.
Now most students are only children. They don't care about others or even themselves, and they don't care about big things and small things. For example, many students always forget when they are on duty, even if they know it, they are perfunctory. For another example, exercise books are often forgotten. Write here and forget there. These are all questions of responsibility. If you don't pay attention to it in education, you won't have good professional ethics when you enter the society in the future. Therefore, to cultivate students with a sense of responsibility, we should start from the usual bit by bit and establish "everyone for me". The service concept of "I serve everyone" is precisely the service consciousness that socialism urgently needs.