The first stage: from the early 1960s to the end of the Cultural Revolution. During this period, due to the deterioration of the surrounding international environment, the central government set up many substantive research institutions throughout the country to strengthen the study of international issues. Universities accounted for a considerable proportion, but they were completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.
The second stage, from the beginning of reform and opening up to the mid-1990s. According to the spirit of 1978 National Conference on Education, colleges and universities have successively restored and rebuilt a number of research institutes (rooms) to actively carry out humanities and social sciences research. 199 1 Statistics of humanities and social sciences in colleges and universities show that there were 52 1 research approved by higher authorities in this period, including 234 research institutes in universities under the State Council and 287 research institutes in local and provincial universities.
The third stage: marked by 1999, the construction of key research bases has continued to this day. The Ministry of Education has set up 15 1 key research bases in 66 universities across the country, with more than 400 provincial key research bases and thousands of school-level research bases of various schools. From the development point of view, scientific research institutions in different stages have academic connections, at least 30% of key research bases have "learning pulse" relationship with scientific research institutions in the first two stages.
The third stage: mutation on the basis of the first two development stages. This change is obviously manifested in the reform of the original scientific research system with obvious planned economy characteristics, that is, the introduction of competition mechanism, which completely reversed the situation that the original scientific research institutions relied on other topics to eat, and the personnel were solidified and overstaffed. From this perspective, the first two stages provide reference for the third stage.