Zhu dui's contribution
Zhu studied Confucianism and formed his own system. Later, people called his theory Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. Most of his contributions to later generations are related to his thoughts and what he did to publicize his thoughts.
His theory was very popular with later rulers. In order to publicize his theory, Zhu Guang recruited disciples and built an academy. Bailudong Academy and Yuelu Academy, founded by Zhu at that time, are now one of the four major academies in China and the national key cultural relics protection units. He preached ancient times? Four books? Is a classic book that readers must read, making? Four books? As a textbook of feudal society, the scientific research of later generations must also choose the test sites from it.
These two points made great contributions at that time. The two academies trained many talents for the country, and the following four books also enabled the students at that time to concentrate on their studies. Although the Four Books are no longer applicable today, we have to say that Zhu's thoughts at that time were still very advanced.
Zhu also established Neo-Confucianism. Even today, it is very advanced and a kind of materialism. He thinks? Why? It exists above the society, including the universe, natural laws and ethics, and it is the standard to measure whether human behavior is appropriate. Why? And those who do whatever they want will be punished. On this basis, it is proposed that the motion and stillness of things are infinite and inseparable.
This materialistic thought is the main thought of dialectics today, which breaks the wrong idealism in the past and is also one of Zhu's important contributions.
Although some of Zhu's ideas have been criticized by later generations, we have to say that many of his ideas are still relatively advanced, and even now, they are still worth learning.
Zhu's four books
The four books refer to the Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. Zhu was a famous thinker, philosopher and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. He compared Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius with others. Five classics? It is one of the most important classic works in the history of China literature development.
What are the notes of the four books and chapters? Four books? The contents of this annotation are divided into chapters and sentences of the University, chapters and sentences of the Doctrine of the Mean, Notes on the Analects of Confucius and Notes on Mencius. For the first time, Zhu juxtaposed The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, with a total volume of 19, of which about? Four books? The handout is very detailed, with unique views, emphasizing righteousness over reason, without empty talk, and paying attention to practicality and practicality. Some people evaluate it as? Inheriting classics, enlightening group learning, and passing it on from generation to generation? This provides a solid foundation for the composition of China's traditional culture.
The development of Confucianism can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. Qin Shihuang valued the law over Confucianism, even? Burning books and burying Confucianism? The development of Confucianism suffered an unprecedented blow until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone? Since then, Confucius' thoughts have been highly praised by emperors of past dynasties, the Analects of Confucius has become the mainstream, and the apotheosis of Confucian schools has also begun at this time. The three books, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, were not valued until Cheng Er and Zhu Xi. Zhu spent nearly half his life studying? Four books? Finally, I wrote Notes on Four Books and Chapters. Four books? After his repeated research, it is very complete and clear. When commenting, Zhu is different from other scholars, paying attention to the study of righteousness and reason, using? Four books? Therefore, The Collection of Notes on Four Books and Sentences is not only a new height of Confucianism, but also a new height of Zhu's literary history.
Zhu's ideological proposition
Zhu was born in June, 6438+0 1301September, 5, and died on April 23rd, 2000. He was a famous thinker, educator and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is the core representative of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. He was the magistrate of Jiangxi and Zhangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, and founded Bailuyuan Academy.
As the core representative of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu's thought can be simply summarized as Taoist Taiji, and developed into Neo-Confucianism by studying Confucian classics.
The basis of Zhu's thought is Cheng Hao's theory of "reason", namely "Tao" and "Taiji". He believes that rationality is the law of everything in the world, and everything is rational and has the polarity of Tai Chi. Logic is higher than qi, but qi has the initiative and is the raw material for making everything. Reason and qi are inseparable, and they can be transformed through gradual changes. Moreover, reason is metaphysical, qi is metaphysical, and reason exists before natural phenomena and social phenomena. Compared with qi, reason is primary, qi is the guest, and qi is secondary. Be angry, be angry. Reason and Qi are the two poles of Taiji, and everything is harmonious and unified.
This kind of ideological proposition has the embryonic form of dialectical materialism in later generations. Through the continuous improvement and development of this ideological proposition, Zhu Jianli established a relatively complete philosophical system, which is an epoch-making event in the history of China. Although China has experienced thousands of years of development, there is not much development in the history of philosophical thought. Zhu and his successors inherited and carried forward the simple philosophical thoughts of Confucius and Mencius in ancient China.
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