Classical Chinese content words are close to classical Chinese translation; Approaching; Trend. "Persuade to Learn": "If you have a rope, you will be straight, and gold will be beneficial."
The notional word wàng looks forward to the translation of classical Chinese. Look into the distance. "Encourage Learning": "I have tasted it, so I might as well learn from it."
The notional words in classical Chinese are longer than those in classical Chinese translation, which is relatively short. "Persuade to Learn": "Climb high and recruit, the arm is not lengthened, and the people you see are far away." And)
1. table modification relation. "Persuade": "I've been thinking about it all day."
2. Represents a progressive relationship. "Persuade to Learn": "Gentlemen don't want to learn ~ Japan can save itself."
Yan)
(1) is a compound word, which is equivalent to "so" and "Yu Zhi". "Encourage Learning": "Accumulated soil makes mountains, and wind and rain make the country prosperous ~"
Yu)
( 1)& lt； Introduce the object of comparison, which can be translated as "comparison". "Encourage Learning": "Ice, water for it, but cold ~ water."
Also) modal particles, used in sentences.
1. Statement or explanation. "Persuade to Learn": "Gentlemen are born different ~, and being good at personal leave ~"
Hu) "Jie Li" is equivalent to "Yu"
1. Introduce the object of action. "Persuade": "A gentleman is knowledgeable and self-taught."
).
( 1)& lt； Help > symbol after attribute. "Persuasion": "Earthworms have no claws ~ benefits." [ 1]
Common words
A ladle is a wheel, and its curve is regular (ladle leads to ladle, and wood is bent by fire).
Life is different (fate, "sex", qualification, talent)
Although there is a crisis, those who no longer stand up ("yes" means "again") are increasing. Violence is the same as "exposure" and drying. )
There is nothing wrong with knowing and doing ("knowledge" leads to "wisdom")
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. erudite ancient meaning: learn from others and learn from others. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities.
Modern significance: profound knowledge and knowledge.
2. refer to the ancient meaning: test. Example: A gentleman is knowledgeable and helps himself by taking part in daily activities.
Meaning: join.
3. False ancient meaning: relying on, relying on. For example, a fake rider.
Modern significance: as opposed to "truth".
4. Jinguyi: A sword made of metal. Exodus: if Jin is profitable, it will be beneficial.
Meaning: gold, gold.
5. The ancient meaning of Minions: claws and teeth. Example: Earthworms have no advantage over their minions.
Modern significance: henchmen and accomplices of bad guys.
6. The ancient meaning of the heart: because of the heart. For example, wholeheartedly.
Modern meaning: study hard or be willing to think about something.
7. The ancient meaning of rope: ink line. Exodus: Wood is straight when tied with rope.
Meaning: rope, rope.
8. Begging for the ancient meaning: legs and feet. Example: The crab kneels six times and pinches twice.
Today: kneel down
9. The ancient meaning of illness: illness is vigorous and powerful, which means loud voice. Example: sound does not add disease.
Modern significance: disease
10. Reaching the ancient meaning: reaching (and reaching thousands of miles)
Gift meaning: give, give
1 1. Entrust the ancient meaning: this refers to hiding (the person who has nothing to place in the snake eel cave)
Modern meaning: refers to some dependence of mind and spirit.
Flexible use of parts of speech
Noun as adverbial
1. A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he saves himself by going to Japan (Japan: a masterpiece, every day).
2. Eat dirt and drink yellow water (up and down: masterpiece, up and down)
② Nouns as verbs
People who pretend to be ships can't swim (water: a noun used as a verb to swim)
③ Causative usage of verbs.
The wood in the middle of the rope is straight and is considered as a wheel.
4 adjectives as nouns.
1. Rules in its music (music: names of shapes, curvatures and radians)
2. Climbing move, the arm is not lengthened (height: name, height)
3. Accumulate goodness into virtue (goodness: make a name for yourself, do good deeds and accumulate virtue)
⑤ Adjectives are used as verbs
So the wood tied to the rope is straight (straight: straight, adjective as verb)
⑥ Adjectives act as verbs.
Cheating horses is not good enough.
⑦ Numbers as adjectives.
Single-minded (one: numerals are used as adjectives, single-minded)
8 verbs as nouns
Make it natural (practice of using verbs as nouns to bend)
polysemy
1. Open:
(1) specific water cooling (ratio)
(2) goodness is false to things. Introduction)
(3) change it from blue (from)
2. and:
(1) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese scholars save themselves (progressive relationship, and)
(2) If you have a clear understanding, you can't do anything wrong (coordination, and)
(3) Thinking all the time (table modification)
(4) Look far (superficial turning point)
(5) Perseverance (commitment or commitment)
(6) Accumulate goodness into virtue, and the gods are complacent (table to undertake)
(7) Green, taken from blue, is blue (conjunction, meaning turning point, but)
(8) Perseverance (table hypothesis, if)
The crab kneels six times and pinches twice (conjunction, tie)
3. the author:
(1) fake boat rider (pronoun, referring to the person ...)
(2) No longer endure (the reason for ...)
4. hey:
(1) How can the wind and rain flourish (also referred to as "Yu Zhi" here)
(2) sacred heart preparation (modal particles)
5. Benefits:
(1) If gold is sharpened, it will be beneficial (adjectives become sharper as verbs)
(2) It's not good for feet (the use of adjectives makes ... faster and walks faster)
6. Wisdom
(1) is not as good as what you learned in an instant (syllable auxiliary word)
(2) Green is taken from blue, and green is blue (pronouns replace green)
7. Wrong
(1) Good and False (with the help of)
(2) The wolf fell asleep before he realized it, and he covered it to lure the enemy (pretending).
(3) So many people use books for backup (borrowing).
8. illness
(1) Breathing with the wind will not aggravate the illness (strong)
(2) You are ill.
9. completely
(1) suddenly touched the ruler and the group sound stopped (stomatology).
(2) Master Yun avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led his wife to a dead end (Peach Blossom Garden), isolated from the world.
3 wonderful thoughts ("ventriloquism").
(4) False boaters can't swim, but they will never cross the river ("Persuade")
(5) The State of Chu, having been completely excluded, is willing to sever relations with the merchants in the land of 600 Li in the State of Qin (Biography of Qu Yuan).
10. Strong
(1) earthworm has no advantage of minions, but its bones and muscles are strong (encouraging learning).
(2) Twelve-turn policy awards reward thousands of strong men (Mulan poetry)
(3) It is a step of self-improvement, barely three or four miles a day ("touch the dragon and say Empress Dowager Zhao")
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2. Single-minded (judgment sentence, "... also" indicates judgment)
3. The life of a gentleman is different, and the goodness lies in personal leave (judgment sentence, "The way of a gentleman is not in human nature")
4. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It is not that snakes and eels have no sustenance, but they are also anxious. (Judgment sentence, "... also" indicates judgment)
5. nothingness is even thousands of miles away (fixed sentence, "nothingness ……", meaning "there is no way ……")
6. Earthworms don't have the advantage of minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. (attributive postposition)
7. Take it from Blue, shine on you; Ice and water are cooler than water. (Comparison of adverbial prepositional structure "Yu Shui")
8. Take the wheel as the ellipsis: take the wheel as the wheel.
9. Let nature take its course and omit the sentence: Let nature take its course.
10. Good is false in things (adverbial postposition)
1 1. Learning is not enough (ellipsis)
12. Stone can be carved (passive sentence)
polysemy
teacher
Ancient scholars must have teachers: (noun, teacher)
(2) A witch doctor is a musician with various skills: (noun, a person or musician who is good at a certain skill)
(3) I learn from Tao: (nouns as verbs, learning)
(4) The teacher's instruction has been handed down for a long time.
In this way, I can learn from it: (intentional, take ... as a teacher)
The shame of the teacher: (verbs to learn from the teacher)
⑦ a teacher, so he was puzzled by professional teaching: (noun teacher) (teacher also judges sentences)
about
Choose a teacher to teach: (pronoun, referring to a person)
(2) Malnourished people: (pronoun, this)
(3) Ancient scholars: (structural auxiliary words, indicating modification or affiliation, translated as "de")
(4) Where the Tao is, the teacher is there: (Structural auxiliary words, used between attributives and nominal headwords, are equivalent to "de" in modern Chinese. (not "cancel sentence independence". Because the word "zhi" that "cancels sentence independence" is used between the subject and the predicate, that is, the word "zhi" must be followed by a verb; However, these two "existing" are "words" and "words" are nominal. )
I don't know what to read.
⑥ All the Six Arts Classics are familiar with Xi Zhi: (Auxiliary words, which form syllables after verbs, adjectives or words expressing time, are meaningless).
⑦: (These people)
8 Ancient saints: (of)
Pet-name ruby teacher's way is dead: (between subject and predicate, meaningless)
Indications: (pronoun, he)
1 1 witch doctor, a musician with various skills: (pronoun, translated as "these")
that
(1) was born before me, and his knowledge of Tao was also fixed before me: (personal pronoun, he)
(2) Confusion does not come from the teacher, it is confusion, and finally I don't understand; Readers who are taught, learn their sentences; It's not that I tell the truth to solve its confusion: (demonstrative pronoun, that (some))
(3) Ancient sages are far from human beings: (personal pronouns, they)
(4) Fu Yong knows that his years were born in my place: (personal pronouns, theirs)
The reason why saints are sacred ... is: (modal adverb, meaning guess, probably)
Today's wisdom is out of reach: (personal pronouns, theirs)
⑦ Strange and embarrassed: (modal adverb, indicating speculation)
puzzle
I am a teacher, so my major teaches me to solve puzzles: (noun, puzzle)
(2) On him, he is ashamed of his teacher and confused: (adjective, confused)
way
I am a teacher, so my major teaches me to solve puzzles: (noun, truth)
(2) The teacher's teaching has been handed down for a long time: (noun, fashion)
(3) My teacher is also a teacher: (noun, truth)
(4) Similarity of Tao: (noun, moral knowledge)
Used at the end of rhetoric or questions.
(1) all this is for this? (Modal particle, indicating speculation, right)
Born before me: (preposition, indicating time, in)
(3) Be solid in front of me: (preposition, table comparison, comparison)
what
Be ashamed to learn from the teacher: (preposition, indicating place, direction, from, to)
(2) Is this all about? (Preposition, indicating place, direction, subordination and presence)
(3) in its body: (preposition, indicating object, right, right)
A teacher need not be superior to his students.
Regardless of time: (preposition, meaning passive, accepting and existing)
get through
(1) Therefore, it is also necessary to preach, teach and dispel doubts: (verbs, impart)
The teacher's instruction has been handed down for a long time.
③ Biography of Six Arts: (noun, biography)
not have
Who can have no doubt: (No)
(2) So, neither expensive nor cheap, neither long nor small: (whatever)
Flexible use of parts of speech
1. teacher, so the sermon is also answered like this:
Confusion, adjective as noun: confused question, confused question
2. I learned from it:
Teacher, conative usage: take ... as a teacher.
3. My teacher also:
Teacher, nouns are used flexibly as verbs: learning
4. Its successors are far away:
Next, nouns are used as verbs: not as good as.
5. Therefore, saints are beneficial to saints, and fools are beneficial to fools:
Saint, fool, adjective as noun, saint: saint, fool, clumsy person
6. Teachers' shame:
Ashamed, conative usage: ashamed ...
7. Primary school and great legacy:
Small, big, adjective as noun: small aspect, big aspect
8. I haven't seen it clearly:
Ming, adjectives as nouns, clever.
9. Don't be ashamed of being a teacher.
Teacher. Use nouns as verbs and learn from teachers.
10. I haven't learned from you for a long time.
Teacher, use nouns as verbs and learn from teachers.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. Ancient scholars must have teachers.
Gu: People who study.
Today: people who have made academic achievements.
4. Teacher, so preaching and teaching is also a way to solve doubts.
C: used for ...
Today: a conjunction indicating causality
[14] I learned a lesson from it.
C: Follow.
Today: the purpose or result is a conjunction.
4. It's neither expensive nor cheap.
Gu: No matter; not make any distinction between
Today: No.
The teacher's instruction has been handed down for a long time.
Ancient times: national spirit
Today: the truth
I don't know what to read.
Ancient people: when you need to pause in the middle of a sentence, read dò u.
Today: Look at the words and pronounce, and read dú.
Once a wise man is an impermanent teacher.
Ancient times: permanent; Stationary
Today: the same.
Therefore, the disciple need not be lower than the teacher, and the teacher need not be higher than the disciple.
C: Not necessarily.
Today: No, no.
Seventeen years, good ancient prose.
Ancient: Prose of Qin and Han Dynasties
Today: the general term for classical Chinese before the May 4th Movement.
⒑ Today's crowd.
C: Ordinary people, ordinary people.
Today: Most people
5. Primary school and great legacy.
Gu: I have learned all the little things.
Today: Primary formal education school.
Special sentence patterns
Preposition object
1, I don't know the sentence, I'm confused.
Preposition structure postposition
1, the rest study.
2, ashamed to learn from the teacher.
A teacher doesn't need to be superior to his students.
Judgement
1, teacher, so preaching is also an answer.
2, it's very confusing, and finally I can't understand it.
3, people are not born to know.
It's not what I said to tell the truth to solve its confusion.
negative
1, regardless of time
Word structure
1, where the Tao exists, what the teacher exists.
Recite sentences with emphasis
1, ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts.
2. So there is nothing expensive and cheap, nothing long and little, the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
3, I don't know, I don't understand, or I am a teacher, or I am not. Never seen it in elementary school.
Humility is shame, and being an official is closeness.
5, a threesome, there must be my teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Classical vocabulary
(Zhe)
(4)& lt； Help > is used after the subject in a sentence to indicate pause, judgment and meaninglessness. "Teacher said": "Teacher ~, so preach and teach."
Institute)
(3)& lt； Generation > is placed before verbs or verb phrases to form classical Chinese translation phrases. A place, a person, an event, etc. Teacher's Theory: "Tao ~ exists, and teacher ~ exists."
Then)
(8)& lt； Lian > means turning point, which is equivalent to "but" and "but". "Teacher said": "Love your son, choose a teacher and teach him. It is also shameful for him. "
Its)
( 1)& lt； Generation > the third person pronoun is equivalent to "theirs". Shi Shuo, Disciple of Zi, Sage and Confucius.
(7)& lt； Deputy > I'm afraid; Probably. Express speculation, estimate. The teacher said, "What makes saints holy and fools stupid?"
By)
(7)& lt； Deputy > I'm afraid; Probably. Express speculation, estimate. The teacher said, "What makes saints holy and fools stupid?"
Yu)
(3)& lt； Explain the objects involved in the action, which can be translated as "pair" and "direction". Teacher's comment: "It is shameful to be a teacher in it."
Also)
(2)& lt； Modal particles used in sentences.
The tone of the table has stopped. "On Teachers": "The teacher's teaching has been handed down for a long time, and it is difficult to be confused again."
Hu)
( 1)& lt； Jie > is equivalent to Yu. 1. Introduce the location, direction and time. Translated into "in" and "by". Teacher said: "Life is before me."
).
(7)& lt； Help > is used between the subject and the predicate, which cancels the independence of the sentence and generally does not require translation. Shi Shuo: "Shi Shuo ~ has been passed on for a long time." [ 1]
Classical Chinese notional words
Family)
②& lt； Name > category. "Teacher's Commentary": "The home of a scholar-bureaucrat is called the teacher and disciple Yunzhe."
Heritage)
②& lt； Move >: give up; Give it up. On Teachers: "I haven't seen any great legacy in primary school."
Less)
②& lt； Name > young man; Youth. Teacher said: "Therefore, it is neither expensive nor cheap, neither long nor short."
Dragon)
(3)& lt； Shape > older; High qualifications. "Teacher's Theory": "Therefore, there is no nobility, no need, and the existence of Tao is also the existence of a teacher."
Road)
(4)& lt； Name > enlightenment; Reason. "Teacher said": "There are successively heard, and there are specializations in the industry."
Yi)
( 1)& lt； Verb > gift; Give it to me. Shi Shuo: "Yu Jiaqi can learn from the ancient road and write Shi Shuo for reference."
Solution)
(5)& lt； Verb > solve; Solve. Shi Shuo: "If you don't know the sentence, you will be confused."
Pass)
(9)& lt； Deputy > all; Universal. Teacher's comment: "The classics of six arts are all passed on to Xi Zhi."
What)
(4)& lt； Generation > who; Which one? "Teacher's Theory": "People are not born to know, ~ can be confused-"
Complex)
(3)& lt； Verb > reduction; Restore. Teacher said: "You don't have to be a teacher to see it."
Pass)
(3)& lt； Verb > teach; Professor. Shi Shuo: "Shi Shuo, so ~ Tao doesn't understand his career."
(4) Annotate or explain the literal meaning. Teacher's comment: "Six Arts Classics are all connected with Xi Zhi."
Love)
( 1)& lt； Verb > love. Teacher's Theory: "Son, choose a teacher and teach it." [2]