First, the concept of thinking
Thinking is an indirect and general reflection of the human brain on objective things.
Second, the type of thinking.
1. According to the essence of thinking (the content of thinking or the development level of thinking), it can be divided into intuitive action thinking, concrete image thinking and abstract logical thinking.
(1) Intuitive action thinking, also known as practical thinking, refers to thinking with concrete practical actions as the pillar in the process of thinking, and the tasks and goals to be solved by this thinking are always intuitive and concrete. For example, children often use hand index to do arithmetic, which is an intuitive action thinking based on actual actions. This way of thinking is mainly used by children and lower primary school students, but adults also have intuitive action thinking. For example, when a skilled worker overhauls a machine, he thinks about the cause of the fault while operating, which is also intuitive action thinking, but the level of adult action thinking is higher on the basis of experience.
(2) concrete thinking in images refers to thinking with the help of appearances in the process of thinking. Representation is the pillar of this kind of thinking. For example, children can draw a road map from home to school by walking a few times from home to school, which is to judge people by their appearances. This kind of thinking is still the main type of thinking for teenagers and adults. For example, the creation and design of artists also need concrete thinking of images.
(3) Abstract logical thinking refers to thinking that reflects the essential attributes and internal laws of things in the form of concepts, judgments and reasoning in the process of thinking. Concept is the backbone of this kind of thinking. When we study some formulas and theorems, we use abstract logical thinking in the process of reasoning and calculating mathematical problems with formulas and theorems. This kind of thinking has developed rapidly in the senior grades of primary schools, and junior high school students are dominant.
2. According to the logic of thinking, it can be divided into intuitive thinking and analytical thinking.
(1) Intuitive thinking is also called? Unrealistic ideas? , is a kind of thinking that makes a reasonable guess, assumption or sudden understanding of the answer to the question quickly without step-by-step analysis. For example, we often say epiphany, inspiration, girls' sixth sense and so on.
(2) Analytical thinking is also called? Logical thinking? , is a kind of thinking that makes a clear conclusion after step-by-step analysis. For example, doctors can finally judge the patient's condition by asking the patient's questions. This is the application of analytical thinking.
3. According to the directivity of thinking, it can be divided into convergent thinking and divergent thinking.
(1) Convergent thinking: Also known as centralized thinking and seeking common ground thinking, it means that when people solve problems, their thinking is concentrated in one direction, thus forming the only definite answer. Aggregation thinking is to generate a unique logical answer from given information according to known experience and familiar rules. Aggregative thinking emphasizes focusing on one idea and one direction. For example, the screening of various implementation schemes of engineering buildings.
(2) Divergent thinking: Also called divergent thinking and decentralized thinking, it means that when people solve problems, their ideas spread in various possible directions, thus obtaining multiple answers. This process is a process of generating a variety of information from given information, because divergent thinking makes thinkers not stick to one way or one method. This is a common test center, such as multiple solutions to one problem and multiple uses of one thing, all of which belong to divergent thinking.
4. According to the innovation degree of thinking, it can be divided into conventional thinking and creative thinking.
(1) Conventional thinking: also known as creative thinking, refers to the way people use the acquired knowledge and experience to solve problems according to existing plans and procedures, and use customary methods and fixed patterns. For example, students use their mathematical knowledge to solve the same type of problems, and applying formulas to solve problems belongs to conventional thinking.
(2) Creative thinking: it is a novel and unique way of thinking to solve problems. For example, scientific inventions and technological innovations are the result of creative thinking.
Examination questions review
1. After going to a friend's house several times, Shan Xiaoming can draw a road map from his home to his friend's house in his notebook. Xiao Ming's thinking when drawing a road map is ().
A. Intuitive action thinking B. Concrete image thinking
C. Abstract logical thinking D. Divergent thinking
Answer A. Analysis: When drawing a road map, Xiao Ming needs to form the representation of the route in his mind, so he thinks with the help of the representation, which is the pillar of figurative thinking, so Xiao Ming uses figurative thinking.
2. Single thinking is the core of our human cognitive activities. In childhood, we always calculate with our fingers or sticks. This kind of thinking belongs to ().
A. Intuitive action thinking B. Creative thinking
C. Thinking in images D. Divergent thinking
Answer a. analysis: with the help of fingers and sticks, we all use practical actions, and practical actions are intuitive action thinking.
3. As the saying goes? All roads lead to Rome? This sentence tells us the importance of thinking?
A. Imitative thinking B. Creative thinking
C. Convergent thinking D. Divergent thinking
Answer D. Analysis: All roads lead to Rome, which means that there are many ways to solve problems, emphasizing various ideas and embodying the importance of divergent thinking.