Basic education is the basic project for the development of higher education. To realize modernization, we need a large number of scientific and technological talents and senior talents in various fields. The cultivation of these talents mainly depends on higher education, the source of which is basic education. Even those who fail to enter institutions of higher learning and become self-taught cannot do without the knowledge and skills they have mastered in the basic education stage. Only when basic education is well done can higher education have a reliable foundation. ?
Basic education is the key link to improve the quality of workers. According to the situation in our country, there are always a few people who can enter colleges and universities after receiving basic education. The main task of basic education in China is to train qualified workers for all walks of life. Laborer is the most basic factor in productivity. Without high-quality workers, any advanced science and technology can not be transformed into realistic productive forces; The improvement of labor efficiency, the guarantee of product quality and the increase of economic benefits of various industries are difficult to achieve. No matter from the realistic situation or in the long run, a fundamental factor that determines the development of China's national economy and various undertakings lies in the quality of all workers. The knowledge imparted by basic education is not only the connotation of every qualified worker's quality, but also the starting point for their further development and improvement. ?
Basic education is the basic condition to promote the progress of social civilization. The scientific culture and labor skills taught by basic education, and the ideological and moral and physical and mental qualities cultivated are the contents of social civilization and progress. The knowledge acquired in the basic education stage provides conditions for further acceptance of the achievements of human civilization. The target of basic education is children and teenagers. The education received during this period influenced the formation of outlook on life and world outlook, the formation of sound personality, people's lives and the quality of the whole Chinese nation. We often say that to cultivate new people with "four haves", we should start from childhood, from the foundation, that is, from basic education. ?
Basic education is an important work covering the whole society. Among all kinds of education at all levels, only basic education is universal education. Nine-year compulsory education, in particular, is an education that every citizen must receive according to law. Basic education affects thousands of families and is valued by the whole society. Due to the implementation of the family planning system in China, only children account for a considerable proportion of primary and secondary school students, and they have generally become the focus of family attention, condensing the hopes of generations of families. For parents, the school is well run and the children are well taught, which is happier than anything else. In fact, doing a good job in basic education has become an important content of doing practical things for the people wholeheartedly, which is of special significance and function to close the relationship between the party and the masses, straighten out the mood of the masses and maintain social stability. ?
(2) In recent years, China's basic education has developed rapidly and made great achievements. It is obvious to all that the scale of education is expanding day by day, the quality of teaching is improving steadily, the conditions for running schools are obviously improved, the number of teachers is constantly strengthened, and the educational reform is gradually deepening. However, compared with the needs of the construction of two civilizations, there is still a big gap in China's basic education, and there are still many difficulties and problems to be solved urgently. ?
The task of basic education is very heavy. The number of school-age people who need basic education in China ranks first in the world, and the number of adult citizens who have not completed compulsory education is also amazing. The average length of education of the whole people is only 5? Four years. According to the fourth national census 1990, more than 15 illiterate people have 1 person. 800 million, accounting for 2.2% of the population of the same age? 25%, of which about 5? More than 2 million. Although the Party and the government have made unremitting efforts to eliminate illiteracy, millions of new illiterates still flood into the workforce every year. Especially in the past two years, the dropout rate of primary and secondary schools in many places is on the rise, which makes universal compulsory education face a more severe situation. ?
The funds for basic education are very difficult. In recent years, China's basic education funds have increased greatly, but compared with the requirements of basic education development, it is still very insufficient. China's education expenditure accounts for 2? 66%, per capita 12? 92 dollars. This is not only far below the developed countries in the world, but also below 4? Compared with 1% and $42 per capita, there is also a big gap. According to the requirements of the central government, provincial education funds should account for more than 20% of fiscal expenditure. At present, only four provinces in China have really reached this standard. The problem is that most of these insufficient investments are used for personnel expenses. According to statistics, in 1993, China's budget for general middle school education reached 82? 8 1%, the primary school is nearly 90%, and there is little teaching funds left. ?
The treatment of basic education teachers is still low. At present, there is a big gap between the income of primary and secondary school teachers in many places, especially in rural areas, and that of many industries. The average monthly income of private teachers in China is only 80~ 100 yuan. The problem of teachers' salary arrears in some places has not been fundamentally solved. The welfare benefits of primary and secondary school teachers are also low, and there are many difficulties in housing, medical care and employment for children. The shortage of basic education teachers is becoming more and more worrying. ?
The teaching contents and methods of basic education need to be updated. At present, there are many problems worthy of serious study and solution in primary and secondary education in China, such as outdated teaching materials and unreasonable curriculum; It is divorced from the needs of most students who will be employed and pursues the enrollment rate unilaterally; Teaching methods are not scientific enough, and phenomena such as cramming, cramming and rote memorization exist seriously; The heavy learning burden of primary and secondary school students has affected the all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. ?
(3) The development of basic education is a complex systematic project, which must proceed from the reality of our country, make joint efforts of the whole society, constantly explore in practice, work in a down-to-earth manner, and advance in a planned and step-by-step manner according to the objectives stipulated in the outline of China's education reform and development. ?
First, leaders should really pay attention to it. Whether leaders at all levels attach importance to the implementation of local responsibilities, graded running schools and graded management in basic education has a great relationship. Without the attention of the leaders, it is impossible to put the basic education work in its proper position and often study and discuss it; We can't take effective measures to solve practical problems, especially we can't give priority to solving education funds. Practice has proved that only leaders, especially the main leaders, can pay attention to it, so as to form a situation of joint management. We should seriously study Comrade Deng Xiaoping's educational theory, strive to improve the understanding of leaders at all levels on basic education, and firmly establish the guiding ideology of "a century-long plan, education-oriented". We should vigorously publicize and commend those leading cadres who attach importance to education and are effective, and criticize and even deal with some extremely irresponsible, nonsense and confusing bureaucrats to distinguish right from wrong. It is necessary to incorporate the development of basic education into the performance evaluation of leading cadres at all levels as an important criterion for evaluating, promoting and appointing cadres. ?
Second, the whole society should give strong support. Large population is a major national condition of our country, and many problems are caused by large population, and many problems must be solved by making more fuss about population. In a big country with underdeveloped economy like ours, education cannot be completely contracted by the government, and it must rely on the joint efforts of the whole society. We must adhere to various forms of running schools. While implementing basic education with local governments as the mainstay, we will continue to advocate and encourage enterprises, institutions, social organizations, community organizations and citizens' collectives or individuals to set up various schools. Social education should strictly abide by the relevant state laws, regulations, principles and policies, and relevant parties should cherish the enthusiasm of society and respect its autonomy in running schools. We should use various channels to raise funds. Continue to mobilize and support people from all walks of life at home and abroad to donate money for basic education, and do everything possible to make good use of the funds donated by them. Publicize various righteous acts to promote learning and teaching, commend advanced figures who are enthusiastic about education, carry forward the fine tradition of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching in China, and form an atmosphere and system for social teaching activities. In recent years, activities such as "Project Hope" and "Spring Bud Plan" have achieved good results. We should sum up experience and promote innovation. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation in all aspects. Educating the next generation well is the common responsibility of schools, society and families. Press and publication, radio, film and television, literature and art departments should actively provide beneficial spiritual food for young people and create a good social environment for their healthy growth. Parents have the responsibility and obligation to ensure that their children complete nine-year compulsory education in accordance with the requirements of national laws and cooperate with schools to guide their children to grow up healthily. In short, all sectors of society should work together to undertake the task of educating the next generation. ?
Third, educators should work hard. In the final analysis, to do a good job in basic education depends on the efforts of educators themselves. For decades, the vast number of educators have worked hard under difficult conditions and made great contributions to the development of education. The party and people will always thank them. With the economic development and social progress, the conditions for running basic education will be improved, and the living conditions of teachers will be gradually improved, but these difficulties and problems can not be solved in a short time. The vast number of educators should set up lofty ideals, be proud of teachers' work, devote their lives to the sacred cause of teaching and educating people for the sake of national rejuvenation and the future of the motherland, not afraid of difficulties, and be poor and happy; We should advocate running schools diligently, tap the potential, create conditions, run schools well and teach students well; We should carry forward the professionalism, adhere to the "Three Orientations", strengthen political cultivation, study hard, constantly reform teaching contents and teaching methods, and cultivate new people with "four haves" to meet the needs of modernization. ?
Fourth, we must pay close attention to the implementation of the work. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out at the National Conference on Education in May 1985 that in order to run education well, we must "talk less and do more practical things" and change the bad life style of "just giving instructions and talking empty words". At present, bureaucracy is serious in some places, formalism is rampant, empty words, cliches and lies are prevalent, and meetings, documents and entertainment are rampant, which has affected the relationship between cadres and the masses and delayed a lot of work. There are many difficult problems in basic education, which can only be solved through regular, concrete and repeated efforts. We must change our work style and earnestly achieve the "down-to-earth work" and "grasping well" demanded by Comrade Xiaoping.