5- 1 Zi said that Gongye Chang could be a wife. Although it is among them, it is not a crime. With his son and wife.
Vernacular interpretation
A disciple of Confucius, whose name is Ye Gong. History books say that he is a Qi, while Kong Anguo says that he is a Lu. I grew up in a poor family, diligent and studious, and learned a lot of calligraphy. He studied all his life and refused to be an official. It is said that this man can understand animal language. This chapter records that he acted uprightly but was convicted and imprisoned. Confucius married his daughter to him because the crime was not his crime. The cause of the incident was that Gongye Chang returned to Lu from Wei, heard birds chirping on the way, and ate dead human flesh in Qingxi. Soon, I saw an old lady crying. Grandpa often asks why. The old lady said that my son went out the day before yesterday and hasn't come home yet. I believe he is dead, but I don't know where he is. Gongye Chang: I just heard birds chirping and eating meat in Qingxi. Maybe it was your son. The old lady went to see her son's body. Immediately report the facts of the village official. The village official accused Zhang Gongye of murder and put him in prison. Grandpa often answers in solving birds. In order to test whether it is true or not, the prison owner kept him in prison for 60 days. Later, the sparrow shouted at the prison fence, saying that there was a grain truck carrying rice by the water in An Baili. The rice was scattered on the ground and could not converge, so he was allowed to peck at the water. The prison owner sent someone to the scene to prove that it was really what he said. Later, Gongye Chang explained the pig and swallow language, which was released after verification.
Confucius commented that Gongye Chang was virtuous and could marry his daughter. Behave uprightly, but be convicted and imprisoned. Although he was imprisoned, he deserved it. In other words, marrying his daughter shows that Confucius is a wise man who knows right from wrong, thus demonstrating the waste and abuse of punishment in the declining world and advising the upright people in the future.
Zhangzhi
In this chapter, Confucius commented that disciple Gongye Chang was punished, but his saint was not harmed.
5-2 The son is satisfied with the south, and the country has no way to abolish it, and the country has no way to avoid punishment. Marry his brother's son as his wife.
Vernacular interpretation
Nan Rong, a native, a famous taeniasis, a native of Lu, and a disciple of Confucius.
Confucius said: Nan Rong, when the national politics is clear, he can display his talents, be honest in words and deeds, and serve the country. When the national politics is dark, he can restrain his talents, act honestly, speak humbly, avoid punishment and disaster. He was a wise man, so Confucius married the daughter of his brother Meng Pi to him.
Zhangzhi
In this chapter, Confucius commented on the good deeds of disciple Nan Rong. If you can use them, you can do it, but if you give them up, you can hide them.
5-3 sons are bitches and gentlemen are men. If Lu has no gentleman, how can he take it?
Vernacular interpretation
Zijian's surname is Mi, but his name is not neat. He is a disciple of Confucius. Kind and smart.
This chapter is what Confucius said to others. It is based on his remarkable achievement in managing a single father who plays the piano but can't stay in the hall. Based on this fact, Confucius praised Zi Jian and said: This man has the wisdom and behavior of a gentleman. However, without Mr. Lu's study and assistance, how can Zijian learn to acquire the connotation and behavior of a gentleman and make himself a gentleman?
Modest saints were originally taught by Confucius, but Confucius still attributed it to the modesty of many gentlemen and saints in Lu. Mr. Lu is also true.
Zhangzhi
This chapter discusses that Zijian can be good at learning from teachers and achieve the virtue of a gentleman.
5-4 Zigong asked: What if you give it? Confucius said: Female utensils are also. Yue: What is it? Yue: Yes.
Vernacular interpretation
Zi Gong asked Confucius: Duanmu Ci, what kind of person am I? Confucius replied: You are like a vessel. But there is a difference between utensils. Zi Gong didn't know what Confucius meant and asked again. Confucius answered with Hu Lian's weapon. Hu Lian is a sacrificial vessel for millet in the ancestral temple, which is very precious. It implies that Zi Gong is a talented person in the temple, who can be a minister of state, give him a big position and make policies.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that disciple Zi Gong's talents are of great use, and he is an important talent of the country.
5-5 or: Harmony without difference, benevolence without pity. Confucius said: How to use it? A relative gives with his mouth and hates others again and again. I don't know its benevolence. How to use it?
Vernacular interpretation
Ran yong, a native of Shandong, is one of the ten sons of Confucius, twenty-nine years younger than Confucius. Zhong Gong was heavy and silent,
Some people call Ran Yong a benevolent man, but unfortunately he has no eloquence. Confucius replied to the man, "where is eloquence used?" Resisting others with brilliant eloquence will eventually make trouble unreasonably, once annoying and repeatedly disgusting. " . I don't know if ran yong is benevolent, but if he is, why use the word benevolent?
Confucius said that he didn't know the benevolence of his disciples. Because people at that time thought it was a virtue, there was this discussion. However, it is inevitable to be a saint, and saints will guard against its abuses. So explain with eloquence, so as not to confuse benevolence and jealousy.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that benevolent people don't need to be jealous, and pragmatism is more important than clever argument.
5-6 Qidiaokai, sub-ambassador. Right: I can't believe it. Zi said.
Vernacular interpretation
Qi Tiaokai, a native of Lu, was a disciple of Confucius, eleven years younger than Confucius, and had studied Shangshu.
Confucius, a great scout of Lu at that time, sent seven carved letters to be officials. Qi Diao Kai replied: I'm afraid Kai is not qualified for the official position. Confucius was very happy to hear that. Because he started to be an official in order to promote Tao, Qi Diaokai didn't want to be an official rashly, so he was not sure about it. He is willing to strive for perfection in learning and self-cultivation, so Confucius was glad that he was ambitious and would not learn from Rong Lu.
It should be noted that Confucius did not think that being an official was very high. Confucius' disciples Si Yuan, Lu Ji, You Ran, Fan Chi, Gong Xihua, Zi You, Xia Zi, Zi Jian, Zhong Gong and many others have been officials. Although being an official can benefit the people, it is not Confucius' wish if he is keen on making profits. Therefore, he was very happy to see Qi Diaokai reflect on his education, morality and ability. He is a caring person. Confucius once said: "Be invincible without suffering from nowhere." He also said: "It is not easy to study for three years." The attitude of Qi Diaokai is so much. He is just worried that he can't stand on his own feet in study and morality. Even if he succeeds in his studies, he will not be rich. This kind of person is really rare!
Zhangzhi
To Confucius' relief, disciple Qi Diaokai did not seek Rong Lu, but was devoted to the Tao.
5-7 Confucius said: If the Tao fails, you can float on the sea by fork, depending on your own reasons. Lutz listened to the music. Confucius said: You Hao is braver than me, so I can't learn from him.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius sighed with emotion: My theory and ideal were not accepted by the governors, and the road could not be used in China. However, even if I sit on a bamboo raft or raft and float in the sea for the road, I will not hesitate to pass on the road, even if the wind and waves are sinister. Among the masters, there are brave people who can follow me, probably Zhong You. Lutz was very happy after hearing this. He was glad that Master regarded him as a confidant. Confucius went on to say that Lutz's courage is too great for me, which is not in line with the middle way. However, it's hard to find someone like Luz.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is about Confucius' feeling that he can't go to Shandong, the world or Taoism! My son wants to live in Chapter 91, which means the same thing. Confucius sighed that he could not travel in China, but wanted to live in seclusion and preach in Jiuyi, the East.
5-8 Meng Wubo asked Ren Hu. Confucius said: I don't know. Ask again. Confucius said: You, a country a thousand times, can be endowed with governance without knowing its benevolence. What do you want? Confucius said: There are thousands of houses in Qiushi City, and there are hundreds of riders at home. You can kill them, but I don't know their benevolence. What about red? Confucius said: Akano, leading the court, can make the guest speak, but I don't know his benevolence.
Vernacular interpretation
I have been introduced to Ranqiu before.
Gong Xichi, surnamed Gong, Ming Chi, word. Lu, a disciple of Confucius, is forty-two years younger than Confucius.
Meng, a doctor in Lu, asked Confucius, "Can Luz be called benevolence?" ? Confucius did not give a clear answer. Gai Rendao is great enough to be in charge of all kinds of activities, such as filial piety, brother, loyalty, forgiveness, faith and righteousness, so Confucius does not easily allow others to be kind. If Meng was dissatisfied, he asked what he had. Confucius said: Lutz can make him preside over the military and political affairs of a big country without knowing its benevolence, that is, there is no benevolence. Meng asked Ran Qiuren again. Confucius said: Ran Qiu can be a magistrate of a thousand households or a master of a hundred chariots in A Qing, but I don't know if he has benevolence. Meng asked Gong Xihua's benevolence again. Confucius replied: Gong Xichi is a person who wears a dress and a big belt and can talk with foreign guests in North Korea. I wonder if he has any kindness.
The above three disciples are all talented, such as Luz military, Ran Qiu politics and China public diplomacy. But Confucius replied that he didn't know benevolence, which shows that benevolence is the most difficult connotation to cultivate, so he doesn't praise his disciples and anyone with benevolence easily.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is also difficult to understand benevolence.
5-9 Confucius said: Women and Hui are better. Yes, if you give it, you dare not look back. Back also, smell a knowledge of ten; If you give, you will know two by hearing one. Confucius said: You are my husband, my daughter and I are your husband.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius asked Zigong, "Who is better than Yan Hui?" . Zi Gong replied: How can I compare with Yan Hui? Yan Hui knows everything. He can infer the whole thing after listening to a paragraph, and he knows everything. And I can only smell a little, and when I hear a thing, I can understand it at most, and I can draw inferences from others. Confucius said: I am not as good as Yan Hui as you.
But is Confucius really inferior to Yan Hui? Confucius was determined to learn Taoism at the age of 15, achieved something at the age of 30, did not doubt at the age of 40, knew his destiny at the age of 50, listened to his ears at the age of 60, and did whatever he wanted at the age of 70. In this chapter, we can see not only how virtuous Confucius was, but also how broad-minded and happy Confucius was at that time. Two thousand five hundred years ago, the atmosphere of great educators was harmonious between master and apprentice.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is the virtue of beauty returning.
5- 10 Kill and sleep during the day. Confucius said: rotten wood cannot be carved; The wall of dirt can't be destroyed. Why should it be punished? Confucius said: I start from others, I listen to his words and believe in his deeds; Today, I am also a person. It is right to pay and change by listening to what I say and what I do.
Vernacular interpretation
Zaiyu, named Yu, is a word minister, one of the ten sons of Confucius, and is good at words. The Analects reporter should call it Zi, which is the name of the book. Confucian scholars should kill me according to the ancient books.
Solution 1
Zaiyu sleeps during the day. Confucius accused him of being lazy, so he said: slaughter is like rotten wood, which cannot be carved, and it is like a wall that has been corroded for a long time, which cannot be painted. How can I blame Jae-woo? Originally, I believed in a person's behavior by listening to his words. Now I will further observe his behavior by listening to his words. By killing my day and sleeping, I changed my mind to observe my behavior.
Solution 2
Zaiyu went back to the dormitory to rest during the day. During the day, I should be outside, but I should rest indoors, so Confucius accused me of being lazy. (The following translation is the same as the first scheme, and it is omitted.)
Solution 3
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the literati decorated their palaces and painted their bedrooms, which was luxurious and extravagant, so Confucius reprimanded them. (The following translation is the same as the first scheme, and it is omitted.)
Zaiyu was a disciple of four subjects who rose to the Tang Dynasty, but he was deeply scolded by his master. In fact, Jae-young saw that everyone who had studied at that time would be lazy, so he took a day off to sleep, and the accountable teacher Fu learned from each other.
Zhangzhi
This chapter encourages people to learn. Confucius urged his disciples to cherish time and study hard.
Confucius said: I have never seen a righteous man. Or: Shen. Confucius said: I also want it, but I can't be right.
5- 1 1 Confucius said: I have never seen a righteous man. Or: Shen. Confucius said: I also want it, but I can't be right.
Vernacular interpretation
Shen Yong, Zi Zizhou, a native of Lu, was a disciple of Confucius.
Confucius said: I have never seen a strong man. Some people say that Shen Yong is a strong man. Confucius went on to say: if you are enthusiastic, you will ask for help, but you can't be rigid in asking for help. Justice and desire are incompatible, justice will not be wanted, and desire will not be justice.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is clear.
5- 12 Zigong said: I don't want others to add me, I also want to add others. Confucius said: paying is beyond your power.
Vernacular interpretation
Zi Gong said: I don't want others to impose injustice on me, and I don't want to impose injustice on others. Confucius said: this is forgiveness, which is beyond the reach of great sages. This is beyond your power. If you think you can do it, you will stop.
Zhangzhi
Chapter purport: This chapter shows Zi Gong's ambition. People get along with each other, and some add righteousness to others. For example, Fan Zhongyan established Yizhuang, benefiting farmland and helping the poor. There are also many people who don't add righteousness to others, so Zi Gong lamented that he told Confucius his heart: I don't harm others, and people don't harm me. This is not good! Confucius said that this matter was beyond Zi Gong's power. What Yan Zigong wants to achieve may be achieved in the world of Yao and Shun, but in troubled times, people often harm others and the country harms the country. Confucius and his disciples said that they all put forward solutions to the problems in the country.
In the last chapter, Confucius said to Zigong, forgive those who can walk all their lives! Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you, which is to answer Confucius' tribute. If everyone knows how valuable Tao is, the world will be peaceful.
5- 13 Zigong said: the master's articles are available and audible; The nature of Confucius' words and nature of heaven cannot be obtained and heard.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius' learning has nature, heaven and humanity. Zi Gong said: Confucius' metaphysical knowledge, that is, the knowledge of six arts and self-cultivation, is self-cultivation and self-cultivation. This belongs to human nature, and Confucius often teaches it, so you can learn and listen. As for sex and heaven, it's hard to say. Confucius seldom speaks, so it is hard to get and hear. Only Yan Zi, Ceng Zi and Zi Gong know.
Both The Doctrine of the Mean and The Book of Changes talk about sex and heaven, but they cannot be passed down unless they are human beings. Moreover, sex, nature and articles actually support each other, and articles are used to explain nature and nature, which makes the articles colorful. If the article has nothing to do with sex and heaven, it is a small skill of later generations, floating in the pan-language. Where is the master's article? Sex and heaven are not seen in words, so there is no clarification. Therefore, Master's article is a text explaining nature and heaven. All words are words, all words are words, and daily life is nothing more than the use of heaven. It's just that scholars have different misunderstandings. Confusion refers to the article, sex and heaven are separated, enlightenment refers to the article is sex and heaven, sex and heaven are articles. So, what Zi Gong said in this chapter is wrong? On the contrary, this is what Zi Gong realized. Because he was trapped in Cai Chen, he got the smell and heaven, and he couldn't help admiring it. Confucius and Zigong's words about nature and heaven are scattered in The Analects. For example, it is said that I will climb to the top when I go to school, and it will matter if I know you. Or: What is Heaven? Travel at four o'clock, everything is born, what can you say? Or: I am consistent. Wait, it all means sex and heaven. Zi Gong not only heard it, but also felt something in his heart, so he praised it, just like Yan Hui sighed.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is about the way of being a master, which is hard to know.
5- 14 Lutz has heard of it, but if it doesn't work, I'm afraid it will be heard.
Vernacular interpretation
Lutz learns, and then he can hear it and take action. No matter whether he heard it from a teacher or a friend, he would immediately implement a certain kind of knowledge. If it hasn't been implemented, I'm afraid I'll hear other knowledge again.
Lutz's study is very important in practice, so he can get promoted and achieve great success. This is the only chapter in The Analects that records the behavior of Confucius' disciples. Lutz's personality won the admiration of all his disciples, so he recorded it. The word "fear" describes Lutz's original intention, and Confucius is good at describing human virtue.
Zhangzhi
This chapter also states Lutz's ambition, that is, Lutz has the courage to practice, and he may have a hollow reputation.
5- 15 Zi Gong Q: Confucius, why is it called Ye Wen? Confucius said: I am eager to learn and I am not ashamed to ask questions.
Vernacular interpretation
Kong Wenzi, Doctor Wei. Wen is his posthumous title.
Zi Gong asked, "Doctor Wei, Confucius, was a poor man who was trapped by his family before his death. Why did posthumous title become "Wen" after his death? Confucius replied: Generally speaking, smart people are not very studious, but Wen Zi is not. He is not only clever and studious, but also not ashamed to ask questions. He can ask questions from high to low, from long to little, from much to little. Others think asking questions is a shame, but Wen Zi doesn't think so. Although Wen Zi has other shortcomings, he is quick-witted and studious, and neither of them is ashamed to ask questions, which is called "literary talent". Sages conceal evil and promote good, which can be seen here.
Zhangzhi
Remember that Confucius does not hide people's kindness.
Reference: According to Zuo Zhuan's Eleven-year History of Lu Aigong, Guo Wei had a noble name, Tai Shiji, who married Song Zichao and later had an affair with his wife and sister. Kong Wen has a female name, Kong Wei. She wants to marry her great-uncle, divorce her son, and then marry her own daughter. Unexpectedly, after the marriage, Shu Tai Ji still kept in touch with his ex-wife's sister, and was placed in the plow field (Wei Yi) as the outer room. When Kong Wenzi heard the news, he was very angry and wanted to send troops to attack Ji who had fled to Song State. Wen Zi asked Kitty to use Konggou as the second room. Wen Zi is such a person, and posthumous title is a "writer". Zi Gong suspected that his name was untrue, so this chapter asked him. Wen Zi 15 died in Lu Aigong, and Confucius died in the summer and April of 16, so this question and answer must be from Lu Aigong 15 to the beginning of 16. Confucius agreed with these two words.
5- 16 Confucius said that there are four ways for a gentleman. It respects people, respects things, benefits the people and serves the people.
Vernacular interpretation
, namely Dr. Zheng Guogong. Mu Gongsun, the son of Gong Zifa, a famous overseas Chinese. In the era of Jian Gong and Ding Gong, Zi Chan reigned for twenty-two years. At the time of hegemony, Zheng was between two great powers. Zi chan ruled the nobility with courtesy and ruled the country with one breath, saving the country from decades of military disasters. It was a good thing for Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zi chan died, men in Zheng did not wear jade, women did not wear earrings, people cried in the street, and no one played music for three months. Confucius cried when he heard the news, calling him a legacy of ancient love, which means that only in Zi Chan can we see the kindness of the ancients. According to the book, Confucius treated his son with the death of his brother.
This chapter is Confucius' comment that a son has four virtues, which accords with the way that a gentleman has virtue and a position. First, his actions, such as going in and out, living, ascending and descending, advancing and retreating, and even doing things, can respect others. Second, he can respect the monarch. For example, Zheng is a small country, located between two big countries, and it is difficult to handle diplomacy. Everything is always careful and just right. Third, he nurtured the people and gave them favors. According to historical records, Zi Chan was hated by the people in his first year in politics? He, three years later, the people turned to support him. Because the property is in power, although the law is strict, it can pay attention to people's livelihood issues and let the people rest. Fourth, he can use the people properly, for example, without violating the farming season.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is the virtue made by the witch.
5- 17 Confucius said: Yan is good at making friends with people and respects them for a long time.
Vernacular interpretation
Yan, doctor of Qi, surnamed Yan, famous young, posthumous title Ping. Throughout the history of Gong Ling, Zhuanggong and Gong Jing, frugality is obvious to all.
Confucius said: Dr. Yan of Qi is good at making friends with people, but most people often can't make good friends in the end. However, long-term contact with Yan Zi not only makes people respect him more, but also respects his friends, which is a sign of not slowing down old friends.
Yan Zi approached his good friends with respect and improved his moral education. He keeps away from the villain with respect, so that he will not be hurt by the villain, and he will not insult and offend the villain in his attitude.
Zhangzhi
This chapter introduces the virtues of Dr. Zhong Ping.
5- 18 Confucius said: Zang Wenzhong lived in Cai, and there were algae in the mountains, and he didn't know it.
Vernacular interpretation
Zang Wenzhong, doctor Lu's surname is Zangsun, and he is from posthumous title. Living in Cai land, Cai land produces good turtles, because big turtles are Cai land. In ancient times, the undecided state affairs were divination, and turtles had aura, so tortoise shells occupied it. There are six kinds of divination turtles, which Zhou Li called six turtles. Each turtle hides a house so that the turtles can take charge of it. Zang is a doctor in charge of turtles in Lu, so he said that he lives in Cai.
Confucius said: Zang Wenzhong lived in Cai's land and planted algae trees in the house of Tibetan turtles. The stigma of the mountain festival immediately turned into a bucket arch, shaped like a mountain. Algae tree is a short column supporting two beams on a girder, on which algae are carved. The algae in the festival are all decorations of the emperor's temple, and Zang Wenzhong applied them to the house of Tibetan turtles, which violated the system of flattering god and ignoring personnel. This is an unwise move, so Confucius said: Zang Wenzhong is not a wise man.
Zhangzhi
This chapter shows that Zang Wenzhong is not wise.
5- 19 Zhang Ziwen: Lingyin Wen Zi, three officials are Lingyin, no joy, three have done, no sorrow; The management of the old Lingyin must report to the new Lingyin. Confucius said: Loyalty. Yue: Ren. Yue: If you don't know, you are benevolent. Cui Zi killed Qi Jun, and Chen Wenzi had ten horses, but he abandoned them. As for other countries, he said, you are my doctor Cui Zi. Instead, one of the States said, "You are my doctor, Cui Zi." . If it is violated, why not? Confucius said: clear. Yue: Ren. Yue: If you don't know, you are benevolent.
Vernacular interpretation
Lingyin, the official name of Chu, refers to the prime minister. Wen Zi, a famous prime minister of Chu. He made outstanding contributions to the strength of Chu and the hegemony of the North. According to Zuo Zhuan, Wen Zi began to be a hermit in the 30th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, and gave way to it in the 23rd year, 28 years apart. During these 28 years, Wen Zi was dismissed and appointed many times.
Zhang Zi asked: Wen Zi, the prime minister of Chu State, refused to be happy after three visits to the prime minister, and refused to be happy after three stops. And tell the new Lingyin and the old administration, there must be some basis. What happened to him? Confucius replied: this can be called loyalty. Zhang Zi asked again: Is this benevolence? Confucius said: But how can a man without wisdom be kind when he hears that he has done his duty faithfully?
Zhang Zi also cited an example of doctor Qi's killing, because Zhuang had a personal relationship with his wife Chiang Kai-shek. Chen Wenzi, who lives with Cui Yao, owns ten cars and forty horses. He gave up his wealth of horses and chariots and fled to other countries, but when he arrived in other countries, he felt that all countries were as arrogant as Cui Yao, so Chen Wenzi fled again and again. Zhang Zi asked, what happened to Chen Wenzi? Can he be called Ren? Confucius replied: It can only be regarded as a clean stream, because Qi Jun is fatuous and has never heard of Wen Zi's remonstration, nor has he heard that he stopped Cui Zi from killing the king because of his ignorance. How can he be called a benevolent? However, if you get a clear word, you also get a character, which is especially valuable in this life.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is also difficult to understand benevolence.
5-20 Ji Wenzi thinks twice before you leap. Zi Wenzhi said: Again, it's okay.
Vernacular interpretation
Ji Wenzi, Doctor Lu, the father of Ji, was born in posthumous title. Loyal and virtuous.
Doctor Lu Ji Wenzi, think twice before you act, that is, think many times, not necessarily three times, maybe four or five or six times, or two or three times, think twice, think about the present, then make a decision, decide without discussion, and never do it. Hearing this, Confucius said, think about it. Confucius wrote this to Moon Hee, not to say that everyone should think twice about everything.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is Confucius' evaluation of Dr. Wen Zi's virtue in Lu Ji.
5-2 1 Confucius said: Ning Wuzi, the country knows when there is a way; The country is stupid if it has no way. Its knowledge is available, and its stupidity is also.
Vernacular interpretation
Ning Wuzi, Dr. Yu. Posthumous title is a soldier.
Confucius said: Dr. Wu Zixu, Wei Ning, showed his talents when the national government was clear and clear. When the country is in political chaos, it hides its strength and acts like a fool. Although seemingly ignorant, it is actually wise, otherwise how can a country become a wise man if it has a way? Woods' cleverness can be learned by others, but his ignorance cannot be learned by others. People don't know him, and he is not angry because he can't reach it, and the ancients can't reach it.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is the virtue of Dr. Wu Zi of Mei Weining.
(Industrial Yard 5-22)
Zi Zaichen said, Return to the motherland. Our party boys are crazy and brilliant, and I don't know why they were cut down.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius stayed for three years, when he was in the state of Chen and missed Lu very much. At this time, Confucius was 60 years old. Send this sigh: go home, go back to Lu. Lu's disciples are like-minded, aggressive and ambitious. They have made considerable achievements in articles and other aspects, but they have not yet understood the avenue, so they still don't know how to cut the choice of the avenue. When I go back and adjust, I will teach them.
Zhangzhi
This chapter says that Confucius wants to return to the Ming Road.
5-23 Confucius said: Boyi and Shu Qi don't think about old evils, but hate with hope.
Vernacular interpretation
Boyi, the eldest son of Yahweh, the seventh monarch of the solitary bamboo kingdom in the last years of Shang Zhouwang, was his younger brothers Yaping and Shu Qi.
Shu Qi is the default heir of Yahweh, the monarch of the solitary bamboo kingdom. However, Shu Qi could not bear to compete with his eldest son for the throne because he violated the traditional patriarchal ethics of the eldest son's inheritance, and Boyi did not want to go against his father's wishes. After Boyi and Shu Qi both ran away, leaving the solitary bamboo country and surrendering to Yaping.
Boyi Shuqi went to the Western Ocean to support the old people of Zhou tribe and had a good relationship with them. After Zhou Wuwang's crusade against Zhou Wang, Boyi and Shu Qi were dissatisfied with King Wu's crusade against the monarch, trying to remonstrate. King Wu did not listen, and soon Zhou perished the Shang Dynasty.
Angry, they decided not to eat Zhou Su to show their loyalty to Shang Dynasty, and finally lived in seclusion in shouyangshan, a barren land of the former dynasty, eating bark and wild vegetables, and eventually starved to death.
Solution 1
Confucius said, "Boyi and Shu Qi won't hold a grudge against the past, but they can suddenly forget it. If someone offends themselves, they won't hold grudges, so they seldom hold grudges with others. " .
Solution 2
Confucius said: Boyi and Shu Qi wanted revenge without thinking about the evil of the past, so they were seldom resented.
Solution 3:
Confucius said: Boyi, Shu Qi, let bygones be bygones. Letting bygones be bygones gives people a new way, so few people resent it.
Zhangzhi
This chapter is about Boyi and the beauty of Shu Qi.
5-24 Confucius said: What do you mean, be a little upright, or beg for help, beg for help from your neighbors.
Vernacular interpretation
Wei, surnamed Wei, a native of Lu, is known for his integrity. Wei once dated a woman under a bridge, but she didn't come As a result, it rained and flooded. Gao Shou believed her, held on to the bridge post and finally drowned. At that time, people thought that we should be honest and trustworthy.
Confucius disagreed, taking Wei's infidelity as an example: if someone asks Wei for vinegar, he will give it, but if not, he will refuse. Wei didn't directly tell beggars that he didn't have vinegar, but instead begged vinegar from other neighbors and gave it to others at the risk of his own property. He is not an upright man.
Zhangzhi
If this chapter is clear and straightforward, it should not be compromised.
5-25 Confucius said: Miao Yan, Miao Yan, full respect, Zuo Qiuming shame, Qiu also shame; Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of it, and Qiu is ashamed of it.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: rhetoric, good looks, and respectful attitude to please others are all insincere. It's okay to cheat ordinary people, but not knowledgeable people. Zuo Qiuming, Master Lu, knows the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is shameful for him to see such a person. Make an enemy with others, the small one is to solve it, and the big one is to complain directly. If you hate others, hide your resentment in your heart, pretend to be friends with others and cheat with your heart. So Zuo Qiuming thought this kind of person was shameful, and Confucius also thought these two kinds of people were shameful.
Zhangzhi
Confucius advised people to be honest. Flattering others in words, expressions and attitudes, or pretending to be friendly to others, are not the way to treat others honestly.
No.5-26, Yanyuan City. Confucius said: I'm afraid everyone has his own ideas. Luz said: I hope my horses and chariots are light and well dressed, so I can share them with my friends. I have no regrets. Yan Yuan said, "I would like to get something without pains. Luz said: I want to hear Zizi's ambition. Confucius said: Old people are safe, friends believe, and young people are pregnant.
Vernacular interpretation
Yan Yuan and Luz accompanied Confucius. Confucius said: Why don't you talk about your wish? Lutz said: I am willing to share my car, horse, clothes and leather clothes with my friends, even if they are worn out, I have no regrets. Yan Yuan said: I would like to be a good person, not claiming to be good, and not imposing hardships on others. Luz said, I want to hear the master's wishes. Confucius said: I am willing to support the elderly and give them a safe place. Treat your friends with trust, no matter how you manage your money, how to persuade the good, and how to follow the rules, you should treat them with trust and sincerity. Being kind to young people will arouse their feelings.
Lutz values wealth and justice, and everyone can learn. Yan Zi does not claim to be kind, so should Dr. Qing, and so should you if you are not used by the people. Confucius is mature, friendly and less pregnant, and regards the three as one family, and the realm is higher.
Zhangzhi
In this chapter, Zhong Ni, Yan Yuan and Lu Ji express their opinions.
5-27 Confucius said: Almost enough. I haven't seen it before, nor has the private prosecutor.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: Enough! I've never seen anyone see their mistakes and blame themselves internally. Accusing yourself of your mistakes is like suing in court. You won't stop until you win. Accusing yourself of your fault is to completely eradicate your fault and then stop the lawsuit. It can be seen that Confucius taught people to change completely.
Zhangzhi
Everyone has been ill in this chapter, so don't blame yourself.
5-28 Confucius said: In a city with ten rooms, there must be people who are faithful as hills, so it is better to learn as hills.
Vernacular interpretation
Confucius said: Although it is a small place where ten families live, there must be honest people like me, but they are not as studious as me.
Zhangzhi
In this chapter, the master sets an example, encourages people to learn and be loyal to the quality of faith.