1. Superstructure theory. Think that education is the superstructure of society. Reason: Education is a kind of ideological culture, and its nature and changes are determined by and serve the socio-economic foundation. Education is restricted by productivity, but it must be mediated by economic base.

2. Productivity theory. It is believed that education is productive force, education can produce labor force, and it is labor force reproduction; The development scale, speed, teaching content, means and form of education are restricted by productivity; Education is determined by relations of production, but all relations of production and superstructure are ultimately determined by productive forces.

3. Dual attribute theory. Education has both the attributes of productivity and superstructure.

4. Compound phenomenon theory. It is believed that the essence of education is "multi-quality", with the nature of superstructure and productivity, and has the functions of serving class struggle, developing economy, spreading culture and promoting human development.

5. Social practice theory. It is believed that education is a social practice activity to cultivate people, or an activity to promote individual socialization; It is believed that the essence of understanding education should not belong to a certain category, but should be based on its own stipulation. ?