1. Where did the question come from?

2. General principles of topic selection

Scientific nature: to have theoretical and factual basis, it must conform to scientific principles; The expected results should be reasonable; The research methods should be correct and rigorous.

feasibility

novel

3. The general process of topic selection

(1) Clear direction-find problems.

(2) concentration range-empirical analysis

(3) Prompt the focus-form a topic

4. Matters needing attention in topic selection

(1) The topic should be small but not big.

(2) the topic should be combined with reality. The topic should be original.

(3) The advantages of the researchers should be taken into account, and their own work should be combined to adapt to the abilities of the researchers.

(2) The reporting entity

Declaring a project, that is, designing a research plan, is the concrete idea of how to carry out project research, the working framework of starting project research and the basic idea of how to carry out research. This is a necessary measure to ensure the smooth progress of the research; The central link to concretize the research; It is an important guarantee for the quality of research results; Conducive to inspection and self-inspection; Conducive to cooperative research. Generally, the subject research carried out by higher authorities is accompanied by a subject declaration form.

1. Project Declaration Form (Project Research Plan):

(1) Description and definition of the topic: The title or topic of the topic must clearly state the problem to be studied, reflecting the research object, research questions and research methods. For example, "experimental research on political self-study counseling teaching in junior one".

(2) Research background, purpose and significance:

Research background: that is, what is based on and what is inspired.

Purpose and significance of research: that is, why to study, what is the value of research, and what problems to solve, including theoretical and practical significance; External goal (purpose), internal goal-student development).

Research summary: the history and present situation of this study.

Characteristics or breakthrough points of research: new problems, new methods, new angles and new effects.

(3) Research scope: the definition of the overall scope of the research object; Defining the fuzzy concept of the research object; Definition of key concepts.

(4) Research content: A very important part cannot be studied without specific research content.

(5) Research methods:

① Precautions: Pay attention to the use of various methods; The method should be written in detail; Don't abuse this method

② Main methods:

Action research:

Experimental research:

Case study:

Investigation and study:

Literature research:

(6) Research object: representative and typical, which makes the research results have universal guiding significance.

(7) Research procedures (steps): Study the tasks and requirements of each stage.

The first stage (preparation stage): collecting information and opening a topic.

The second stage (implementation stage):

The third stage (summary stage):

(8) Forms of expected results: ① Papers, research reports, works, etc. ② Changes of students

(9) Research members (and responsible persons, division of labor)

(10) Budget and other required conditions

2. Fill in the project declaration form (project demonstration)

3. Matters needing attention in filling in the subject declaration form

(1) Understand the importance of filling in the declaration form. I can't handle it with half the effort.

(2) among several copies, keep one for yourself, preferably in the computer.

(3) The core is the purpose, significance, research steps, research contents and methods.

4. My project declaration form

(3) Opening remarks

1. The meaning and significance of open debate

2. Writing method of opening report

3. The difference with the project demonstration (applicant)

4. Hold a public demonstration meeting

(4) Implementation research

1. Attach importance to theoretical study and the guiding role of theory.

2. Pay attention to the choice of research methods

Characteristics of action research:

1. learn for action

The purpose of action research is pointed out. The purpose of the research is not to establish a systematic academic theory, but to solve the problems encountered by practitioners in their situation. The research purpose is practical. The solution to the problem is direct.

4. Learn by doing.

Action research points out the research status and methods. The environment of action research is the working situation of actual workers, not a specially arranged or controlled scene. The research process of action research is the process of practical workers solving problems, the performance of actions, and the process of practical workers learning to reflect, explore and solve problems.

3. Actor learning.

It is pointed out that the subject of action research is practitioners, not foreign experts and scholars. The role of experts and scholars involved in the research is to provide advice and consultation. It is a collaborator, not a research object.

3. Pay attention to the accumulation of information

(1) Collect and learn the background information related to the subject: collect the statistical data of the pre-test and post-test of the research object; The definitions of theories and concepts related to the theme and the data of related research trends should be collected; The process data of self-study and research should be recorded and collected; Classify and file materials; Conduct interdisciplinary research and collect information.

(2) Always write experiences and papers in the research process.

(3) collecting and sorting out typical cases in the research: a certain number of typical teaching examples; Typical materials for students' development and change.

(4) collecting evidence of achievements in the research process in time: materials of students' changes and development; Materials for the change of teachers' teaching level.

(5) There should be memorabilia of the research process.

4. Pay attention to the use of computers and network tools;

5. My research process

(5) Summarize the promotion stage.

1. Organize relevant information; Write reports or papers;

How to write a closing report

① Theme: clearly and accurately put forward the main problems of research; Sometimes you can add a subtitle.

(2) Preface (sometimes used as "asking questions"): indicating the research purpose; Explain the basis, value and significance of the topic; Research achievements, present situation, problems and trends at home and abroad; Main problems to be solved and theoretical framework. Don't use too many words, but be specific and clear.

③ Methods: Explaining methods, mainly considering: defining the subject; Research objectives; Research procedures and steps; Methods used and their explanations (experimental methods need to explain assumptions).

④ Specific operation:

5. Results

Description: students' diaries, homework, their own observation records, experiences and feelings, feedback from parents, teachers and students, etc. Explain and get results.

Statement: analyze with words or charts, data and cases; Present the results in a logical or statistical way.

Note: the results must be obtained by themselves or members; Combination of quantitative and qualitative; This information is rich and concise.

⑥ Discussion:

Is the result consistent with the goal? Why is it consistent or inconsistent?

Theoretical analysis and demonstration of the results;

Find out the advantages and disadvantages and discuss them;

Put forward the problems that need to be discussed in depth.

⑦ References and appendices.

My final report

How to write a paper

My research paper

2. Identification (making the research results recognized)

3. Application and promotion stage

Basic procedures of project research

The basic procedures of project research mainly include making project research plan, establishing project, implementing project research and project summary. The following mainly introduces how to make a project research plan and how to implement the project research.

Make a project research plan

Making a research plan includes: accurately expressing and decomposing research questions, transforming research questions into hypotheses, determining research methods, arranging research plans and division of labor, and organizing and coordinating research.

(A) decomposition of research objectives, grasp the starting point.

1. Determine the research objectives. Determine the research direction or research theme and overall goal. Research objectives can be divided into parallel objectives, hierarchical objectives and comprehensive objectives.

2. Choose the breakthrough point: First, choose from the basic, easy and key issues; The second is to look for it from successful experience; The third is to find out from the practical problems faced by school education; The fourth is to seek from the development trend of education; The fifth is to find it from the theory of educational science.

(two) clear research ideas, determine the research methods.

1. Clear research ideas. Through forward analysis, reverse analysis, reduction analysis and other methods, the research ideas are clarified and formed.

2. Basic research methods. Educational research methods include primary methods and secondary methods. The main methods are observation, investigation, literature, educational experiment, experience summary, comparative research, case study, action research, reflective research and qualitative research. Auxiliary methods include statistics, measurement and questionnaire.

3. Use and selection of research methods. Different types (contents and conditions) of research topics have different research methods, and research methods can be selected from different angles and according to different standards.

Firstly, the method is determined according to the stages and tasks of the research process.

The second is to determine the method according to the nature of the research object.

Thirdly, take the continuity of research as the standard and determine the method according to the direction of continuity.

Fourthly, divide the research into technical means and choose different research methods.

(3) Theoretical thinking and research hypothesis.

Research hypothesis is the research result (also called "semi-finished product") predicted by researchers when they think about changing the concept in the research problem into a variable that can be measured by observation.

1. Actively develop rational thinking.

2. Master the basic standards of research hypothesis. The research hypothesis should have four criteria: first, it can explain the expected relationship between two or more variables; Second, researchers should have clear reasons to explain whether this hypothesis is worth testing; Third, the hypothesis should be testable; Fourth, the assumption should be as simple and clear as possible.

3. Make clear the basic steps of research hypothesis formation. The basic steps to form the research hypothesis are: (1) refining the problem; (2) Seeking theoretical support and forming a preliminary hypothesis; (3) Derive the theoretical statement to make the hypothesis structured; (4) forming basic viewpoints; 5] Refine the basic ideas and form the core of the hypothesis.

4. Make clear the basic conditions for the formation of research hypothesis. Basic conditions for the formation of research hypothesis: (1) Based on scientific observation and empirical induction; ⑵ Under the guidance of scientific thinking method, make a logical proposition through analogy, induction and deduction. ⑶ Researchers should have rich knowledge and experience.

5. Make clear how to express the learning hypothesis. The expression of research hypothesis should be biased, which can be positive or negative, and the relationship between cited variables should be operable, observable and verifiable. Research hypothesis can be divided into descriptive hypothesis and explanatory hypothesis.

(four) according to the type of subject, do a good job in research and design.

1. Applied research project design.

This kind of topic focuses on how to transform the basic theoretical knowledge of educational science into educational skills, educational methods and means, so as to link educational scientific knowledge with actual education and teaching and achieve a predetermined practical goal.

Project features: applicability, times, efficiency and flexibility.

Project design: emphasize "application".

2. Design of empirical research project.

Experience research summary is divided into two levels: general experience summary and scientific experience summary.

Discipline characteristics: educational research in educational practice; Have a pre-proposed and very clear scientific research purpose, and the work purpose is consistent with the scientific research purpose; Consciously use the relevant methods of educational research; According to the idea of scientific research, it is carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner; Collect information consciously and purposefully in a certain way, and the collected information is comprehensive and complete.

Project design: through experience summary, highlight the theme of rational understanding and reveal the law.

3. Experimental project design.

The experimental subject is an activity to explore the relationship between variables and reveal the educational laws under the guidance of certain educational theories or assumptions.

Subject requirements: researchers must have an idea or a preliminary characteristic theory to solve this problem; Organize research with strict research procedures to facilitate repeated verification; Preset experimental conditions, clearly distinguish variables and control them; Define the operation of the measured object.

Project design: it is necessary to highlight the characteristics of "experiment" and fully reflect the requirements of the experiment.

Implement project research

The implementation of the research is mainly to collect data, sort out data, analyze data and summarize results.

(1) Collect information.

1. Collect information carefully. How to collect information? First, around the guiding ideology of the research theme, collect information according to the needs of the research; The second is to design scientific and clear information collection tools; Third, adopt appropriate scientific methods to collect information widely; Fourth, collect and sort out basic data and original data as planned; Fifth, pay attention to the objectivity of information and data.

2. Make an investigation plan. To collect data by investigation, we must design the investigation scheme well. The design of the investigation scheme includes defining the investigation subject, defining the investigation purpose, selecting the investigation unit, specifying the investigation scale, researching the investigation object, explaining the investigation method, compiling the investigation outline, drawing up the investigation sequence and time arrangement, etc.