There are differences in genetic quality between people. These different qualities provide different material bases for intellectual development. However, in real life, apart from serious mental retardation or even dementia caused by physical defects, although there are differences in genetic quality between children and adults, there is no difference in the structure and morphology of organs, but the speed and quality of intellectual development are quite different.
For example, 1 1 year-old boy Shen, known as the "living computer" in China, was born in an ordinary peasant family. His father worked as an accountant in the village, his mother was a rural woman, and his parents were healthy and very concerned about Shen's growth. He studied in an ordinary school. Apart from being diligent, he did not have any particularly superior environment and educational conditions. However, he has superhuman mental arithmetic intelligence. He can calculate quite complicated mathematical problems, and the number of digits he can answer can exceed the number displayed by the electronic calculator, reaching 8 ~ 12 digits, which is faster than the electronic calculator. Once, the moderator wrote "7655× 125 =?" It took him a second to work out the number 956875, while the electronic calculator took 2.8 seconds.
In general, Schenk function has such outstanding intelligence, which is probably caused by genetic factors. Of course, we can't ignore the role of environment and education. Without proper nutrition and stimulation from his parents, good education and exercise, his good innate quality cannot be fully exerted.
Good genetic quality is an important condition for children's development. A singer must have a good voice, a pianist must have slender and flexible fingers, and a dancer must have a slender and symmetrical posture, otherwise it will not be successful in this field.
Modern medicine shows that there are 46 chromosomes in each nucleus of normal human cells, and many genetic genes are arranged on each chromosome. The total number of genes in each nucleus is about 50 thousand. These chromosomes and genes are substances that control heredity. For various reasons, there will be obvious abnormalities in chromosomes, such as one more chromosome or one less chromosome, one more chromosome fragment, or one fragment of one chromosome moved to another chromosome. These changes are called chromosome aberrations and can be observed by optical microscope. In the case of chromosome aberration, various genetic diseases will appear, which will affect physical development and intelligence.
People with mental retardation due to the influence of genetic diseases. At the southern foot of the Alps in northern Italy, there is a small town called Aosta, which was once an endemic goiter (that is, big neck disease) epidemic area. Over the years, men and women have married and given birth to a large number of patients with congenital dementia. Every spring and autumn, they come out to beg in droves. These people are stupid and dirty, like pigs, and the yard they live in is worse than hell. It can be seen that genetic diseases have a great influence on intellectual development. The reasons for mental retardation are genetic chromosome aberration and consanguineous marriage, which will make children develop slowly.
Genetic quality is an important condition for the development of intelligence, and the brain is the material basis for the formation and development of intelligence. Brain injury or pathological changes will reduce people's intelligence level and destroy people's intellectual activities. According to the research of Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a person's intelligence depends on how brain cells divide during the period from pregnancy to six months after birth, and whether nutrition is sufficient at this stage is the key to determine the quality of brain cell division. According to a relatively new estimate of brain science, there are more than 1 100 million brain cells in human beings, from the time when the uterus begins to divide to the end of six months after birth (some of them are delayed to one year). Since then, brain cells have only been dying all their lives, but not being updated, so the number of brain cell divisions directly affects people's intelligence. In recent years, it has been found that there are many glial cells (brain neurons responsible for nutrition) in Einstein's brain cells. Studies on many infants with mental retardation in northern Thailand have found that the lack of protein in infants is the main reason for mental retardation. So someone once said vividly: "In a sense, intelligence is eaten." Some nutritionists even said: "The fate of a nation depends on what to eat and how to eat." There is some truth in this statement. Because the development of intelligence first depends on the development of the brain, which is directly related to the nutritional status of the body.
Since the brain is so important, is the bigger the brain, the smarter it is? Not exactly. For example, Turgenev, who is also a famous writer, has a brain weight of 2012g, while France only has1017g, which is almost double the difference, but their intelligence is equal. The achievements of different occupations have nothing to do with brain weight. People have visited French President Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, Bismarck, philosopher Kant, poet Schiller, religious scholar Kamula Kenzo and other mathematicians, chemists, historians and artists. Their brains weigh about 65,438+0,500 grams on average. Therefore, the level of intelligence cannot be simply determined by the weight and volume of the brain.
Thorndike, a famous American scholar, conducted a very famous experiment on a pair of twins: there is not much difference in their genetic quality. If there is a significant difference in intelligence between the two twins, then the root of this difference is obviously not heredity, and it can only be thought that it is formed by acquired education. Thorndike's idea aroused people's interest, so this experiment caused a sensation. At present, people generally believe that when it comes to physical aspects such as skin color and body shape, we should consider the influence of genetic factors, while when it comes to spiritual life, such as children's feelings and emotions, we can't ignore the influence of genetic factors, but in the category of human intelligence, which has the highest function, acquired educational factors will prevail.
Therefore, the genetic quality of human beings is the material premise for the occurrence and development of human intelligence. Different genetic qualities lead to different intellectual development. Due to the needs of the times, China currently advocates a couple to have one child. Not only should we have fewer children, but we should also have good and excellent children. In order to achieve this goal, we must pay attention to three points:
First, get married at the right age and choose the best reproductive period.
Best age for marriage men can be before the age of 30, and women can be around the age of 25. It is best not to be over 35 years old when a woman is pregnant, because the older she is, the higher the rate of fetal malformation will be. Some children born after 40 will have mental retardation. It is best to conceive in May ~ 10, and when the flowers bloom in the next spring, it is a good season for pregnant women to give birth and take good care of their newborns. This is very beneficial to the health of both mother and child.
Second, prevent congenital infection.
The physical condition of parents and medication during pregnancy affect the growth and intellectual development of the fetus. No matter where men and women suffer from amebiasis, infectious hepatitis, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, it is not suitable for them to conceive. Women with cardiac and renal insufficiency are also not suitable for pregnancy. Father should try not to smoke, avoid contact with poisons and drug abuse, so as not to raise deformed people and give birth to deformed children.
Third, pay attention to prenatal education during pregnancy.
Prenatal education means that the mother consciously exerts a good influence on the fetus during pregnancy, so that the fetus can develop healthily and lay a good foundation for future education. Prenatal education lurks the mystery of talent development.
China's ancient thought and practice of attaching importance to prenatal education and prenatal and postnatal care was the earliest in the world, more than 700 years earlier than Aristotle's prenatal education in ancient Greece in the 4th century BC.
Tae In, the mother of West Zhou Wenwang, was the first to carry out prenatal education. When she was pregnant, she didn't look at ugly things, listen to evil voices or speak insolent words, so her son Wen was extremely talented, intelligent and wise, and later became a famous wise monarch in history.
In feudal society, due to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine, the implementation of prenatal education was more scientific. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, put forward the basic viewpoint of ancient prenatal education theory ── "external image and internal feeling", that is, through external things that exist objectively, the subjective feelings and experiences of pregnant women are aroused, and then the development of the fetus is influenced. He believes that pregnant women should pay special attention to the influence of external environment on fetal development after three months of pregnancy. If you want to have a healthy baby, you should always look at rhinoceros, beasts and jade treasures; For example, in order to make future generations virtuous and wise, we should see more sages and gentlemen, watch music, bells and drums, recite poems and books, etc. In order to make the fetus grow up healthily, pregnant women must strengthen self-psychological adjustment, pay attention to controlling emotional fluctuations, and achieve emotional stability. Otherwise, both mother and son are bad, with mixed feelings. Anger hurts the liver, thinking about hurting the spleen, hurting the lungs, and being afraid of hurting the kidneys.
Many scientific experiments and clinical observations have also proved the scientific nature of prenatal education. Many experts and doctors observe the fetal movement with precision instruments and find that the fetus is not unconscious. They all have sensitive hearing organs, which are the channels of their wisdom. Another psychologist pointed out that when the mother's singing was recorded at the sixth month of pregnancy and played back to him after the baby was born, the baby's reaction was "very excited", which indicated that the mother's singing to the unborn fetus would provide an important "memory mark" for the child.
In foreign countries, there are miracles of prenatal education. There is a couple, the wife is Japanese and the husband is American. His name is Joseph. Although they have different nationalities, they all grew up in ordinary families, received ordinary education and lived a very ordinary life. Neither a genius nor a talent, they are all ordinary people, and there are no great people in their ancestors. When the real child is pregnant, the couple give prenatal education to the child with "love and patience". Love makes them pour their affection into the fetus all the time; Patience enables them to give prenatal education to every fetus meticulously. There are many methods of prenatal education, such as uterine dialogue, body language communication, listening to music for the fetus, making the fetus remember your voice, and even telling the fetus about human beings and natural society. Finally, the couple got their reward. Their four daughters all have IQs above 160, belonging to 5% of the high IQ population in the United States. ? It can be seen that it is an important way of prenatal education to feel the world outside the fetus by using the hearing of the fetus. Masaru Ibuka, a Japanese scholar, pointed out in his book "Zero Age-the Best Period of Education" that a person is important in the womb, and he must be recognized as a person from the time when his body has not yet formed a fetus. Recognizing that the fetus is a human being is the key to the study of zero-age education. So zero-year-old education is prenatal education.
Here are some methods of prenatal education:
1. Observe. The living environment of pregnant women should be clean and tidy, and should not be polluted by turbid air and noisy noise. Look at flowers and trees during the day, the moon and stars at night, enjoy calligraphy and painting, read some optimistic literary works, look at photos of bodybuilding children, cultivate sentiment and increase love.
2. Listening methods. Pregnant women often go for a walk in nature, listen to the sounds of nature, listen to the harmonious and elegant songs of birds, listen to the flowing water, and listen to the sound of the breeze blowing the leaves. Listening to music can coordinate the human rhythm of pregnant women and develop the psychological quality of the fetus well. The choice of music must be beautiful. Now there are special tapes for prenatal education, such as Autumn Night and I Will Come to Earth.
3. Dialogue method. Pregnant women should get into the habit of talking with the fetus, and talk with the fetus Kan Kan lovingly, telling the fetus what they have seen, heard and felt. Don't think that it is invalid without a fetus in front.
4. caressing method. Pregnant women often pat their stomachs lightly every day, massage twice a day, and exchange love information with the fetus, just like holding a child.
5. Emotional contagion method, pregnant women should pay attention to self-psychological adjustment, maintain emotional harmony, and avoid anxiety and depression from interfering with the fetus. Always use your creative imagination when you are in a happy mood, and imagine that your children are lively, lovely and smart; Imagine that you are full of energy, radiant, and have positive spiritual strength.
6. Activity method. Pregnant women should not only eat, but also exercise properly, such as walking and qigong.
7. Diet conditioning method. Pay attention to the adjustment of pregnant women's diet, pay attention to nutrition, be moderately hungry, and eat less spicy and greasy food. The diet should be good in color, smell and taste. According to the different development status of the fetus every month, make corresponding recipes for pregnant women.
My friend, if you adopt the method of prenatal education and persevere patiently, I believe your child will be "handsome in appearance, superior in temperament and good in moral character"
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